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Chemico-biological Interactions Aug 2023Di-ethylhexyl phthalate (DEHP) is used as an important plasticizer in a wide range of products such as paints, food packaging, medical devices and children's toys. In... (Review)
Review
Di-ethylhexyl phthalate (DEHP) is used as an important plasticizer in a wide range of products such as paints, food packaging, medical devices and children's toys. In recent years, there has been increasing interest in the toxic effects of DEHP on the male reproductive organs, the testicles. Here, we reviewed the basic pathways of testicular damage caused by DEHP. The mechanism involves oxidative stress, ferroptosis, interfering with hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis (HPGA) and testosterone level. We summarized the protective agents that have been shown to be effective in repairing this type of testicular damage in recent years. This provides a new perspective and direction for future research into the health effects and molecular mechanisms of DEHP.
Topics: Child; Male; Humans; Diethylhexyl Phthalate; Testis; Phthalic Acids; Testicular Diseases; Protective Agents
PubMed: 37257576
DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2023.110575 -
Experimental Animals Nov 2021The aim of this review is to analyze the cardiorespiratory and tissue-protective effects of caffeine in animal models. Peer-reviewed literature published between 1975... (Review)
Review
The aim of this review is to analyze the cardiorespiratory and tissue-protective effects of caffeine in animal models. Peer-reviewed literature published between 1975 and 2021 was retrieved from CAB Abstracts, PubMed, ISI Web of Knowledge, and Scopus. Extracted data were analyzed to address the mechanism of action of caffeine on cardiorespiratory parameters (heart rate and rhythm), vasopressor effects, and some indices of respiratory function; we close this review by discussing the current debate on the research carried out on the effects of caffeine on tissue protection. Adenosine acts through specific receptors and is a negative inotropic and chronotropic agent. Blockage of its cardiac receptors can cause tachycardia (with arrhythmogenic potential) due to the intense activity of β1 receptors. In terms of tissue protection, caffeine inhibits hyperoxia-induced pulmonary inflammation by decreasing proinflammatory cytokine expression in animal models. The protection that caffeine provides to tissues is not limited to the CNS, as studies have demonstrated that it generates attenuation of inflammatory effects in pulmonary tissue. It inhibits the effects of some pro-inflammatory cytokines and prevents functional and structural changes.
Topics: Animals; Caffeine; Disease Models, Animal; Heart Rate; Mice; Protective Agents; Rats; Respiratory Function Tests
PubMed: 34039788
DOI: 10.1538/expanim.20-0185 -
Biomedicine & Pharmacotherapy =... Jul 2021Erythropoietin (Epo) is a pleiotropic cytokine, essential for erythropoiesis. Epo and its receptor (Epo-R) are produced by several tissues and it is now admitted that... (Review)
Review
Erythropoietin (Epo) is a pleiotropic cytokine, essential for erythropoiesis. Epo and its receptor (Epo-R) are produced by several tissues and it is now admitted that Epo displays other physiological functions than red blood cell synthesis. Indeed, Epo provides cytoprotective effects, which consist in prevention or fight against pathological processes. This perspective article reviews the various protective effects of Epo in several organs and tries to give a proof of concept about its effects in the lung. The tissue-protective effects of Epo could be a promising approach to limit the symptoms of acute and chronic lung diseases.
Topics: Animals; Erythropoietin; Humans; Lung Diseases; Protective Agents; Receptors, Erythropoietin; Recombinant Proteins
PubMed: 33831836
DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2021.111547 -
Naunyn-Schmiedeberg's Archives of... Nov 2022Scutellaria baicalensis (SB), also known as the Chinese skullcap, has a long history of being used in Chinese medicine to treat a variety of conditions ranging from... (Review)
Review
Scutellaria baicalensis (SB), also known as the Chinese skullcap, has a long history of being used in Chinese medicine to treat a variety of conditions ranging from microbial infections to metabolic syndrome and malignancies. Numerous studies have reported that treatment with total SB extract or two main flavonoids found in its root and leaves, baicalin (BA) and baicalein (BE), can prevent or alleviate the detrimental toxic effects of exposure to various chemical compounds. It has been shown that BA and BE are generally behind the protective effects of SB against toxicants. This paper aimed to review the protective and therapeutic effects of SB and its main components BA and BE against chemical compounds that can cause intoxication after acute or chronic exposure and seriously affect different vital organs including the brain, heart, liver, and kidneys. In this review paper, we had a look into a total of 221 in vitro and in vivo studies from 1995 to 2021 from the scientific databases PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science which reported protective or therapeutic effects of BA, BE, or SB against drugs and chemicals that one might be exposed to on a professional or accidental basis and compounds that are primarily used to simulate disease models. In conclusion, the protective effects of SB and its flavonoids can be mainly attributed to increase in antioxidants enzymes, inhibition of lipid peroxidation, reduction of inflammatory cytokines, and suppression of apoptosis pathway.
Topics: Antidotes; Antioxidants; Cytokines; Flavanones; Flavonoids; Plant Extracts; Protective Agents; Scutellaria baicalensis
PubMed: 35676380
DOI: 10.1007/s00210-022-02258-8 -
Food and Chemical Toxicology : An... Dec 2023Deoxynivalenol (DON) is one of the most prevalent mycotoxins in feed, which causes organ toxicity in animals. Therefore, reducing DON-induced organ toxicity can now be... (Review)
Review
Deoxynivalenol (DON) is one of the most prevalent mycotoxins in feed, which causes organ toxicity in animals. Therefore, reducing DON-induced organ toxicity can now be accomplished effectively using protective agents. This review provides an overview of multiple studies on a wide range of protective agents and their molecular mechanisms against DON organ toxicity. Protective agents include plant extracts, yeast products, bacteria, peptides, enzymes, H2, oligosaccharides, amino acids, adsorbents, vitamins and selenium. Among these, biological detoxification of DON using microorganisms to reduce the toxicity of DON without affecting the growth performance of pigs may be the most promising detoxification strategy. This paper also evaluates future developments related to DON detoxification and discusses the detoxification role and application potential of protective agents. This paper provides new perspectives for future research and development of safe and effective feed additives.
Topics: Swine; Animals; Trichothecenes; Mycotoxins; Bacteria; Protective Agents; Animal Feed; Food Contamination
PubMed: 37890761
DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2023.114121 -
Analytical Biochemistry Mar 2022Fungi can be used as a potent chemotherapeutic agent to treat various cancers. In current study acetone and methanol extracts of Terfezia claveryi, Terfezia boudieri,...
Fungi can be used as a potent chemotherapeutic agent to treat various cancers. In current study acetone and methanol extracts of Terfezia claveryi, Terfezia boudieri, Terfezia olbiensis, Picoa lefebvrei, Picoa juniperi were used to assess total phenolic contents, antioxidant activity, ion-chelating impact, antimicrobial activity, the cytotoxic and protective effects. Both methanol and acetone extracts of T. boudieri had the highest FRAP and DPPH scavenging abilities. Dose-dependent increased ion-chelating impact of all tested truffles species was found. Extracts of T. boudieri, T. claveryi, and T. albiensis exhibited higher antimicrobial activities. T. claveryi and T. boudieri showed the highest protective effects against HO-induced genotoxicity (P < 0.05), in S. cerevisiae BY4741. The least protective effect was showed by the acetone extracts of T. olbiensis (144 ± 8); methanol extracts of P. lefebvrei (140 ± 8) and P. juniperi (140 ± 10). MCF 7 cells showed more sensitivity against to methanol extracts of T. boudieri at 10-100 μg/mL concentrations. HepG2 cells showed more sensitivity against the methanolic extracts of T. boudieri at both doses. Overall, P. lefebvrei and P. juniperi extracts had the least cytotoxic effects. The species of Terfezia exhibit significant protective effects against DNA damage and also have the potential of cytotoxicity effects.
Topics: Anti-Bacterial Agents; Antineoplastic Agents; Antioxidants; Ascomycota; Biphenyl Compounds; Cell Proliferation; Cell Survival; Drug Screening Assays, Antitumor; Gram-Negative Bacteria; Gram-Positive Bacteria; Humans; Hydrogen Peroxide; Microbial Sensitivity Tests; Picrates; Protective Agents; Tumor Cells, Cultured
PubMed: 35085547
DOI: 10.1016/j.ab.2022.114566 -
Open Biology Jul 2019Viral infections cause substantial human morbidity and mortality, and are a significant health burden worldwide. Following a viral infection, the host may initiate... (Review)
Review
Viral infections cause substantial human morbidity and mortality, and are a significant health burden worldwide. Following a viral infection, the host may initiate complex antiviral immune responses to antagonize viral invasion and replication. However, proinflammatory antiviral immune responses pose a great threat to the host if not properly held in check. Interleukin (IL)-17 is a pleiotropic cytokine participating in a variety of physiological and pathophysiological conditions, including tissue integrity maintenance, cancer progression, autoimmune disease development and, more intriguingly, infectious diseases. Abundant evidence suggests that while IL-17 plays a crucial role in enhancing effective antiviral immune responses, it may also promote and exacerbate virus-induced illnesses. Accumulated experimental and clinical evidence has broadened our understanding of the seemingly paradoxical role of IL-17 in viral infections and suggests that IL-17-targeted immunotherapy may be a promising therapeutic option. Herein, we summarize current knowledge regarding the protective and pathogenic roles of IL-17 in viral infections, with emphasis on underlying mechanisms. The various and critical roles of IL-17 in viral infections necessitate the development of therapeutic strategies that are uniquely tailored to both the infectious agent and the infection environment.
Topics: Animals; Humans; Immunity, Innate; Immunotherapy; Interleukin-17; Molecular Targeted Therapy; Protective Agents; Virus Diseases
PubMed: 31337278
DOI: 10.1098/rsob.190109 -
International Journal of Radiation... 2021Radiation exposure is an on going and serious threat in military and public health concern. There is an unmet need for effective preventative or mitigative treatments... (Review)
Review
Radiation exposure is an on going and serious threat in military and public health concern. There is an unmet need for effective preventative or mitigative treatments against radiation-induced injuries. The handful of Food and Drug Administration in the US approved radiation protection agents cannot be widely used due to their side effects. Some natural nontoxic compounds such as bee products have been reported to prevent and treat radiation-induced injuries (e.g. scavenging free radicals, inhibiting cell apoptosis and reducing DNA damage), indicating that they may be a potential option as a safe radioprotective agent. Bee products are nontoxic and have no known side effects on the human body, and are effective in the field of radiation protection. They are expected to be interesting drug candidates for preventing and treating radiation-induced injuries. This article reviews the prevention and treatment of bee products on radiation-induced injuries.
Topics: Animals; Bees; Humans; Radiation-Protective Agents
PubMed: 33464164
DOI: 10.1080/09553002.2021.1876949 -
Biomedicine & Pharmacotherapy =... May 2021Astaxanthin (ATX) is a red pigment carotenoid present in shrimp, salmon, crab, and asteroidean. Several studies have corroborated the anti-oxidant efficacy of ATX. In... (Review)
Review
Astaxanthin (ATX) is a red pigment carotenoid present in shrimp, salmon, crab, and asteroidean. Several studies have corroborated the anti-oxidant efficacy of ATX. In addition, ATX has anti-inflammatory, anti-apoptotic and anti-proliferative properties. In the present review, we discuss the role of Nrf2 in mediating the anti-cancer, anti-aging, neuroprotective, lung-protective, skin-protective, cardioprotective, hepatoprotective, anti-diabetic and muscloprotective effects of ATX.
Topics: Animals; Antineoplastic Agents; Antioxidants; Humans; NF-E2-Related Factor 2; Oxidative Stress; Protective Agents; Xanthophylls
PubMed: 33761600
DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2021.111374 -
Journal of Natural Products Mar 2021Nine new glucosyloxybenzyl 2-hydroxy-2-isobutylsuccinates, pleionosides M-U (-), and 12 known compounds (-) were isolated from the pseudobulbs of . Their structures and...
Nine new glucosyloxybenzyl 2-hydroxy-2-isobutylsuccinates, pleionosides M-U (-), and 12 known compounds (-) were isolated from the pseudobulbs of . Their structures and absolute configurations were established through a combination of HRESIMS and NMR data and supported by physical and chemical methods. Compounds , , , and showed significant in vitro hepatoprotective activity against d-galactosamine (d-GalN)-induced toxicity in HL-7702 cells with increasing cell viability by 27%, 22%, 19%, and 31% compared to the model group (cf. bicyclol, 14%) at 10 μM, respectively. Compounds , , and exhibited moderate hepatoprotective activity against -acetyl--aminophenol (APAP)-induced toxicity in HepG2 cells with increasing cell viability by 9%, 16%, and 12% compared to the model group (cf. bicyclol, 9%) at 10 μM, respectively.
Topics: Acetaminophen; Cell Survival; China; Hep G2 Cells; Humans; Molecular Structure; Orchidaceae; Phytochemicals; Protective Agents; Succinates
PubMed: 33606538
DOI: 10.1021/acs.jnatprod.0c01117