-
BMC Microbiology Oct 2022Proteus mirabilis is an opportunistic pathogen, causing a variety of community-acquired and nosocomial illnesses. It poses a potential threat to patients via the...
BACKGROUND
Proteus mirabilis is an opportunistic pathogen, causing a variety of community-acquired and nosocomial illnesses. It poses a potential threat to patients via the production of β-lactamases, which decrease the efficacy of antimicrobial treatment and impair the management of its pathogenicity. Hence, this study was established to determine the prevalence of extended-spectrum β-lactamases (ESBLs), AmpC, and carbapenemases of P. mirabilis isolated from various clinical specimens.
RESULTS
Proteus mirabilis was identified in 20.7% (58/280) of specimens. ESBL producers were present at a rate of 51.7% (30/58). All AmpC-positive isolates (n = 20) produced ESBLs as well, so 66.7% of ESBL-producing isolates coproduced AmpC enzymes. The modified Hodge test confirmed carbapenemase production in six out of seven imipenem nonsusceptible isolates. Of these, only two (5.7%) isolates were also ESBL-and AmpC-positive. Antibiotic resistance reached the highest level for cotrimoxazole (62.1%, n = 36/58 isolates) and the lowest for imipenem (12.1%, n = 7/58 isolates). The levels of multidrug-resistant (MDR) was 41.4% among the tested isolates. The bla (83.3%), bla (80%), and bla (50%) were the most detected genes in phenotypically confirmed ESBL-, AmpC-, and carbapenemase-producing isolates, respectively. Besides, more than a half of the tested P. mirabilis strains (53%) coproduced ESBLs and AmpC. Moreover, two isolates coproduced ESBLs and AmpC together with carbapenemases. Furthermore, dendrogram analysis showed great genetic divergence based on the 21 different enterobacterial repetitive intergenic consensus (ERIC) patterns (P1-P21) through the 34 β-lactamase producers. ERIC analysis distinguished clonal similarities between isolates 21 and 22 in P2 and 9 and 10 in P4, which were isolated from the same clinical source and possessed similar patterns of β-lactamase-encoding genes.
CONCLUSION
Hence, there is an urgent need to monitor hospitalized patients and improve healthcare in order to reduce the incidence of infection and outbreaks of infection with antibiotic-resistant Proteus.
Topics: Anti-Bacterial Agents; Bacterial Proteins; Enterobacteriaceae; Humans; Imipenem; Microbial Sensitivity Tests; Prevalence; Proteus mirabilis; Trimethoprim, Sulfamethoxazole Drug Combination; beta-Lactamases
PubMed: 36221063
DOI: 10.1186/s12866-022-02662-3 -
Frontiers in Microbiology 2023is a multi-host pathogen that causes diseases of varying severity in a wide range of mammals, including humans. is resistant to multiple antibiotics and has acquired...
INTRODUCTION
is a multi-host pathogen that causes diseases of varying severity in a wide range of mammals, including humans. is resistant to multiple antibiotics and has acquired the ability to produce expanded spectrum of β-lactamases, leading to serious public health problems. However, the available information on isolated from feces of dogs, is still poorly understood, as is the correlation between its virulence-associated genes (VAGs) and antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs).
METHOD
In this study, we isolated 75 strains of from 241 samples, and investigated the swarming motility, biofilm formation, antimicrobial resistance (AMR), distribution of VAGs and ARGs, as well as the presence of class 1, 2, and 3 integrons in these isolates.
RESULTS
Our findings suggest a high prevalence of intensive swarming motility and strong biofilm formation ability among isolates. Isolates were primarily resistant to cefazolin (70.67%) and imipenem (70.67%). These isolates were found to carry , , , , , , , , , , and with varying prevalence levels of 100.00, 100.00, 100.00, 98.67, 98.67, 90.67, 90.67, 90.67, 90.67, 89.33, and 70.67%, respectively. Additionally, the isolates were found to carry , , , , , , , , and with varying prevalence levels of 38.67, 32.00, 25.33, 17.33, 16.00, 10.67, 5.33, 2.67, 1.33, and 1.33%, respectively. Among 40 MDR strains, 14 (35.00%) were found to carry class 1 integrons, 12 (30.00%) strains carried class 2 integrons, while no class 3 integrons was detected. There was a significant positive correlation between the class 1 integrons and three ARGs: , , and . This study revealed that strains isolated from domestic dogs exhibited a higher prevalence of MDR, and carried fewer VAGs but more ARGs compared to those isolated from stay dogs. Furthermore, a negative correlation was observed between VAGs and ARGs.
DISCUSSION
Given the increasing antimicrobial resistance of , veterinarians should adopt a prudent approach towards antibiotics administration in dogs to mitigate the emergence and dissemination of MDR strains that pose a potential threat to public health.
PubMed: 37234544
DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1141418 -
Pakistan Journal of Biological Sciences... Apr 2024<b>Background and Objective:</b> Urinary tract infections from the use of an indwelling urinary catheter are one of the most common infections caused by...
<b>Background and Objective:</b> Urinary tract infections from the use of an indwelling urinary catheter are one of the most common infections caused by <i>Proteus mirabilis</i>. Due to their biofilm-producing capacity and the increasing antimicrobial resistance in this microorganism, this study aimed to determine the prevalence, biofilm-producing capacity, antimicrobial resistance patterns, multidrug resistance and plasmid mediated resistance of the recovered isolates. <b>Materials and Methods:</b> A total of 50 urinary samples were collected from May to August, 2018 from patients on indwelling urinary catheters. Using routine microbiological and biochemical methods, 37 <i>P. mirabilis</i> were isolated. Biofilm forming capability was determined among the isolates using the tube method while antimicrobial susceptibility and plasmid curing were also performed. <b>Results:</b> All isolates were biofilm producers with 17(46%) being moderate producers while 20(54%) were strong biofilm formers. The study isolates exhibited a high resistance rate to empiric antibiotics, including ceftazidime (75.8%), cefuroxime (54.5%), ampicillin (69.7%) and amoxicillin-clavulanic acid (51.5%). Low resistance was seen in the fluoroquinolones, gentamicin and nitrofurantoin. Plasmid curing experiment revealed that most isolates lost their resistance indicating that resistance was borne on plasmids. Plasmid carriage is likely the reason for the high MDR rate of 56.8% observed. <b>Conclusion:</b> These findings necessitate the provision of infection control programs which will guide and implement policies.
Topics: Biofilms; Proteus mirabilis; Catheters, Indwelling; Humans; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Microbial Sensitivity Tests; Urinary Tract Infections; Plasmids; Urinary Catheters; Drug Resistance, Bacterial; Proteus Infections; Catheter-Related Infections; Female; Male; Drug Resistance, Multiple, Bacterial
PubMed: 38840467
DOI: 10.3923/pjbs.2024.268.275 -
Diagnostics (Basel, Switzerland) Oct 2022and are common single- and polymicrobial urinary tract infections which can survive under various oxygen levels, including inside of stone matrices. Therefore, we...
and are common single- and polymicrobial urinary tract infections which can survive under various oxygen levels, including inside of stone matrices. Therefore, we aimed to investigate and compare the calcium oxalate monohydrate (COM) lithogenic activities including COM crystal growth and aggregation under microaerobic conditions of and isolated from the same stone matrix. The crystal growth was analyzed at the delta crystal area while the crystal aggregation was analyzed as the number of crystal aggregates. The results showed that compared to blank control, , and the co-culture of and were able to significantly promote COM crystal growth under microaerobic conditions. Interestingly, the delta crystal area in the co-culture under microaerobic conditions was larger than that of alone and alone. In addition, only alone and the co-culture were able to significantly increase COM aggregates. This study demonstrated that single- and co-culture of and could promote COM crystal growth and aggregation under microaerobic conditions. The co-culture of and may provide the combination effect on COM crystal interactions. The bacterial surfaces and the important effects on bacteria-crystal interactions should be further evaluated.
PubMed: 36359494
DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics12112651 -
Biomolecules & Therapeutics Jul 2023Parkinson's disease (PD) which has various pathological mechanisms, recently, it is attracting attention to the mechanism via microbiome-gut-brain axis. 6-Shogaol, a...
Parkinson's disease (PD) which has various pathological mechanisms, recently, it is attracting attention to the mechanism via microbiome-gut-brain axis. 6-Shogaol, a representative compound of ginger, have been known for improving PD phenotypes by reducing neuroinflammatory responses. In the present study, we investigated whether 6-shogaol and ginger attenuate degeneration induced by () on the intestine and brain, simultaneously. C57BL/6J mice received for 5 days. Ginger (300 mg/kg) and 6-shogaol (10 mg/kg) were treated by gavage feeding for 22 days including the period of treatment. Results showed that 6-shogaol and ginger improved motor dysfunction and dopaminergic neuronal death induced by treatment. In addition, they suppressed -induced intestinal barrier disruption, pro-inflammatory signals such as toll-like receptor and TNF-α, and intestinal α-synuclein aggregation. Moreover, ginger and 6-shogaol significantly inhibited neuroinflammation and α-synuclein in the brain. Taken together, 6-shogaol and ginger have the potential to ameliorate PD-like motor behavior and degeneration of dopaminergic neurons induced by in mice. Here, these findings are meaningful in that they provide the first experimental evidence that 6-shogaol might attenuate PD via regulating gut-brain axis.
PubMed: 37337830
DOI: 10.4062/biomolther.2023.098 -
Current Microbiology Jul 2020Persisters of infectious agents are capable of surviving antibiotic treatment so the emergence of these subpopulations need to be overcome. In this study, we aimed to...
Persisters of infectious agents are capable of surviving antibiotic treatment so the emergence of these subpopulations need to be overcome. In this study, we aimed to isolate, characterize and inhibit persister subpopulation in two clinical isolates Klebsiella pneumoniae and Proteus mirabilis. Different behavior profiles between the two isolates could be observed. The results of dose-dependent killing curve revealed that 2.3% (Klebsiella pneumoniae) versus 1.3% (Proteus mirabilis) persister cells could be recovered using 500 and 30 ug/ml ciprofloxacin, respectively. Upon resuscitation, persister cells exhibited only 65% versus 30% percentage growth and 5 versus 7 times cell elongation relative to Klebsiella pneumoniae and Proteus mirabilis, respectively. The levels of persister cells to ciprofloxacin of Klebsiella pneumoniae were dramatically decreased by about 79, 92, 97 and 83% in average by pre-exposure to hyperosmotic stress, temperature, different pHs, and hydrogen peroxide, respectively, while those of Proteus mirabilis were minimally decreased with corresponding reduction percentages of about 12%, 24 & 25%, and 0%. Regarding combating persisters, Klebsiella pneumoniae showed different response as compared to Proteus mirabilis. Among the tested sugars, the highest reduction of Klebsiella pneumoniae persister cells was obtained with pre-priming with sucrose while for Proteus mirabilis persister cells, the highest reduction was obtained with pre-priming with glucose. Using sodium salicylate with ciprofloxacin could eradicate persisters of Klebsiella pneumoniae at any tested concentration while for Proteus mirabilis it caused some reduction in persister cells at certain concentrations. Complete eradication of persisters was obtained by combining silver nitrate with ciprofloxacin for each test isolate.
Topics: Anti-Bacterial Agents; Ciprofloxacin; Drug Resistance, Bacterial; Humans; Klebsiella Infections; Klebsiella pneumoniae; Microbial Sensitivity Tests; Proteus Infections; Proteus mirabilis; Stress, Physiological
PubMed: 32123985
DOI: 10.1007/s00284-020-01926-3 -
MBio Oct 2019Swarmer cells of the Gram-negative uropathogenic bacteria and become long (>10 to 100 μm) and multinucleate during their growth and motility on polymer surfaces. We...
Swarmer cells of the Gram-negative uropathogenic bacteria and become long (>10 to 100 μm) and multinucleate during their growth and motility on polymer surfaces. We demonstrated that the increasing cell length is accompanied by a large increase in flexibility. Using a microfluidic assay to measure single-cell mechanics, we identified large differences in the swarmer cell stiffness (bending rigidity) of (5.5 × 10 N m) and (1.0 × 10 N m) compared to vegetative cells (1.4 × 10 N m and 2.2 × 10 N m, respectively). The reduction in bending rigidity (∼2-fold to ∼26-fold) was accompanied by a decrease in the average polysaccharide strand length of the peptidoglycan layer of the cell wall from 28 to 30 disaccharides to 19 to 22 disaccharides. Atomic force microscopy revealed a reduction in peptidoglycan thickness from 1.5 nm (vegetative cells) to 1.0 nm (swarmer cells), and electron cryotomography indicated changes in swarmer cell wall morphology. and swarmer cells became increasingly sensitive to osmotic pressure and susceptible to cell wall-modifying antibiotics (compared to vegetative cells)-they were ∼30% more likely to die after 3 h of treatment with MICs of the β-lactams cephalexin and penicillin G. The adaptive cost of "swarming" was offset by the increase in cell susceptibility to physical and chemical changes in their environment, thereby suggesting the development of new chemotherapies for bacteria that leverage swarming for the colonization of hosts and for survival. and are bacteria that infect humans. To adapt to environmental changes, these bacteria alter their cell morphology and move collectively to access new sources of nutrients in a process referred to as "swarming." We found that changes in the composition and thickness of the peptidoglycan layer of the cell wall make swarmer cells of and more flexible (i.e., reduce cell stiffness) and that they become more sensitive to osmotic pressure and cell wall-targeting antibiotics (e.g., β-lactams). These results highlight the importance of assessing the extracellular environment in determining antibiotic doses and the use of β-lactam antibiotics for treating infections caused by swarmer cells of and .
Topics: Anti-Bacterial Agents; Chemical Phenomena; Locomotion; Mechanical Phenomena; Microbial Viability; Microfluidics; Osmotic Pressure; Peptidoglycan; Polysaccharides, Bacterial; Proteus mirabilis; Single-Cell Analysis; Vibrio parahaemolyticus; beta-Lactams
PubMed: 31594808
DOI: 10.1128/mBio.00210-19 -
Journal of the Association of Medical... Sep 2023There is a paucity of studies investigating the population-based epidemiology of (MPP) group infections. Our objective was to determine the incidence, risk factors, and...
BACKGROUND
There is a paucity of studies investigating the population-based epidemiology of (MPP) group infections. Our objective was to determine the incidence, risk factors, and outcome of MPP group bloodstream infections (BSI), and explore species-specific differences.
METHODS
Population-based surveillance was conducted in the western interior of British Columbia, Canada, between April 1, 2010 and March 30, 2020.
RESULTS
Sixty-two incident MPP group BSI occurred for an annual incidence of 3.4 per 100,000 residents; rates for , , and species were 0.5, 2.6, and 0.3 per 100,000 population, respectively. The median year of age was 72.5 and was different ( = 0.03) among the groups. Most (92%) MPP group BSIs were of community-onset. Significant differences were observed in the distribution of clinical focus of infection, with most notably 81% of BSI due to genitourinary focus as compared to 60% and 22% for species and , respectively. Comorbid illnesses that increased the risk for development of MPP group BSI (incidence rate ratio; 95% CI) were HIV infection (37.0; 4.4-139.6), dementia (11.5; 6.1-20.7), cancer (6.4; 3.2-11.9), stroke 6.5 (2.8-13.3), and diabetes 2.7 (1.3-5.0). Thirteen, one, and none of the cases with , , and species BSI died within 30 days of index culture for respective all cause case-fatalities of 27%, 11%, and 0% ( = 0.1).
CONCLUSIONS
Although collectively responsible for a substantial burden of illness, the epidemiology of MPP group BSI varies significantly by species.
PubMed: 38250289
DOI: 10.3138/jammi-2022-0038 -
Frontiers in Immunology 2022Bone loss due to an increased osteoclast activity is common in osteoporosis and rheumatoid arthritis. For the first time, we observed an inhibition of osteoclast...
Bone loss due to an increased osteoclast activity is common in osteoporosis and rheumatoid arthritis. For the first time, we observed an inhibition of osteoclast formation and bone resorption by outer-membrane vesicles (OMVs) from a Gram-negative, pathogenic bacterium, (P.M). Gene ontogeny and KEGG enrichment analyses of miRNA and mRNA sequencing data demonstrated a significant effect of P.M OMVs on mitochondrial functions and apoptotic pathways. OMVs induced mitochondrial dysfunction through an increased level of intracellular ROS, collapse of mitochondrial membrane potential (ΔΨm), and modulation of Bax, Bcl-2, caspase-3, and cytochrome c expression. In addition, P.M OMVs strongly inhibited miR-96-5p expression, which caused an upregulation of ATP binding cassette subfamily A member 1 (Abca1) in osteoclasts leading to an increased level of mitochondria-dependent apoptosis. Moreover, treatment with P.M but not OMVs attenuated bone loss in experimental osteoporosis and collagen-induced arthritis. Collectively, we demonstrated osteoprotective functions of OMVs from , which downregulated miR-96-5p causing an increased Abca1 expression and mitochondria-dependent apoptosis.
Topics: ATP Binding Cassette Transporter 1; Animals; Apoptosis; Mice; MicroRNAs; Mitochondria; Osteogenesis; Osteoporosis; Proteus mirabilis
PubMed: 35242136
DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.833040 -
Veterinary Medicine and Science Nov 2022Pyoderma is a purulent skin infection usually caused by bacteria and can be divided into primary and secondary categories based on histology. In the present study, an...
Pyoderma is a purulent skin infection usually caused by bacteria and can be divided into primary and secondary categories based on histology. In the present study, an 18-month-old female mixed breed sheep was examined for pyoderma at the injection site of the enterotoxemia vaccine. After routine bacteriology and histopathology procedures, secondary pyoderma caused by Proteus mirabilis was diagnosed. The bacterium analysed using genome sequencing and new strain called AJJ 2021 was diagnosed. This is the first report of pyoderma caused by Proteus mirabilis in sheep.
Topics: Female; Sheep; Animals; Proteus mirabilis; Pyoderma; Sheep Diseases
PubMed: 36049140
DOI: 10.1002/vms3.926