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Foodborne Pathogens and Disease Feb 2022is an opportunistic pathogen associated with nosocomial infections and foodborne diseases. The resistance and biofilm formation of have been a great concern. In this...
is an opportunistic pathogen associated with nosocomial infections and foodborne diseases. The resistance and biofilm formation of have been a great concern. In this study a multidrug-resistant strain 012 was exposed to a lethal dose of ampicillin (10 mg/mL, 2.5-fold minimal bactericidal concentration) for 24 h at 37°C. After resuscitation and isolation, five variant isolates were selected and subjected to ampicillin induction by repeatedly streaking on ampicillin-containing plates (10 mg/mL) for at least three times. In biofilm formation assays by using crystal violet staining, we found that the variant strains had enhanced biofilm-forming abilities. (-)-epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG) at a minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) (256 μg/mL) significantly reduced the biofilm formation of all variant strains and the wild-type strain ( < 0.01). Sub-MIC of EGCG (128 μg/mL) suppressed the biofilms of wild-type and two variants. However, it stimulated the biofilms of the other three variants. The antibiofilm effects of EGCG against the wild-type strain were further confirmed by confocal laser scanning microscopy. Scanning electron microscopy revealed that EGCG induced variants to form more fibrous structures. Our results revealed that a lethal dose of antibiotic exposure increased antibiotic resistance and biofilm formation of . EGCG may be used as a promising antibiofilm agent to prevent the biofilm formation in the food industry. However, the sub-MIC of EGCG is not effective and will not be applied.
Topics: Ampicillin; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Biofilms; Catechin; Microbial Sensitivity Tests; Proteus mirabilis
PubMed: 34726503
DOI: 10.1089/fpd.2021.0042 -
Journal of Cellular and Molecular... Mar 2020Pathogenic bacteria can enter into a viable but non-culturable (VBNC) state under unfavourable conditions. Proteus mirabilis is responsible for dire clinical...
Pathogenic bacteria can enter into a viable but non-culturable (VBNC) state under unfavourable conditions. Proteus mirabilis is responsible for dire clinical consequences including septicaemia, urinary tract infections and pneumonia, but is not a species previously known to enter VBNC state. We suggested that stress-induced P. mirabilis can enter a VBNC state in which it retains virulence. P. mirabilis isolates were incubated in extreme osmotic pressure, starvation, low temperature and low pH to induce a VBNC state. Resuscitation was induced by temperature upshift and inoculation in tryptone soy broth with Tween 20 and brain heart infusion broth. Cellular ultrastructure and gene expression were examined using transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qPCR), respectively. High osmotic pressure and low acidity caused rapid entry into VBNC state. Temperature upshift caused the highest percentage of resuscitation (93%) under different induction conditions. In the VBNC state, cells showed aberrant and dwarf morphology, virulence genes and stress response genes (envZ and rpoS) were expressed (levels varied depending on strain and inducing factors). This is the first-time characterization of VBNC P. mirabilis. The ability of P. mirabilis pathogenic strains to enter a stress-induced VBNC state can be a serious public health threat.
Topics: Gene Expression Regulation, Bacterial; Microbial Viability; Proteus mirabilis; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; Transcription, Genetic
PubMed: 32030883
DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.15031 -
Frontiers in Microbiology 2022The emergence of antimicrobial resistance among microorganisms is a serious public health concern, and extended-spectrum β-lactamases (ESBL)-producing is one of the... (Review)
Review
The emergence of antimicrobial resistance among microorganisms is a serious public health concern, and extended-spectrum β-lactamases (ESBL)-producing is one of the major concerns among antibiotic-resistant bacteria. Although the prevalence of ESBL in has been increasing with time, the prevalence of ESBL could differ according to the species, hospital allocation, sources of infections, nosocomial or community acquisitions, and geographic regions. Therefore, we conducted a comprehensive review of the epidemiology of ESBL-producing in Taiwan. Overall, the rates of ESBL producers are higher in northern regions than in other parts of Taiwan. In addition, the genotypes of ESBL vary according to different . SHV-type ESBLs (SHV-5 and SHV-12) were the major types of complex, but and were more likely to possess CTX-M-type ESBLs (CTX-M-3 and CTX-M-14). Moreover, a clonal sequence type of O25b-ST131 has been emerging among urinary or bloodstream isolates in the community in Taiwan, and this clone was potentially associated with virulence, ESBL (CTX-M-15) production, ciprofloxacin resistance, and mortality. Finally, the evolution of the genetic traits of the ESBL-producing isolates helps us confirm the interhospital and intrahospital clonal dissemination in several regions of Taiwan. In conclusion, continuous surveillance in the investigation of ESBL production among is needed to establish its long-term epidemiology.
PubMed: 36762100
DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.1060050 -
African Health Sciences Dec 2021Proteus mirabilis is a frequent reason for catheter-associated urinary tract infections (UTIs). The aim of this study was to identify virulence genes and antimicrobial...
BACKGROUND
Proteus mirabilis is a frequent reason for catheter-associated urinary tract infections (UTIs). The aim of this study was to identify virulence genes and antimicrobial resistance patterns in P. mirabilis strains isolated from patients who attended a tertiary hospital in Iran.
METHODS
In this study, 100 P. mirabilis strains from urine samples were isolated. These isolated strains were identified by biochemical and PCR-based tests, and their antibiotic resistance was profiled through a standard procedure using 14 antibiotics. PCR assays were used to detect virulence-related genes in P. mirabilis strains. The biofilm formation of each P. mirabilis strain was examined.
RESULTS
Of the 100 P. mirabilis isolates, 16 (16%) were multidrug-resistant. High resistance was observed against cotrimoxazole (97%), nalidixic acid (93%), cefotaxime (77%), and amoxicillin (62%). Sixty of the 100 isolates showed resistance against extended-spectrum cephalosporins. The prevalence rates of the genes related to the virulence factors in this study were mrpH (100%), ucaA (91%), hpmA (94%), zapA (95%), ptaA (100%), ureG (100%), pmfA (100%), fliC (97%), and mrpA (90%) using PCR method. Strong biofilm formation was observed in 20% (5/25) of the strains isolated from non-catheterized samples and 80% (20/25) of strains isolated from catheterized samples.
CONCLUSIONS
Resistance to antibiotics and the prevalence of pathogenicity genes are high in Proteus mirabilis strains iolated from UTIs.
Topics: Anti-Bacterial Agents; Drug Resistance, Bacterial; Humans; Iran; Proteus mirabilis; Tertiary Care Centers; Urinary Tract Infections; Virulence
PubMed: 35283944
DOI: 10.4314/ahs.v21i4.22 -
BioRxiv : the Preprint Server For... Jun 2024Polymicrobial biofilms play an important role in the development and pathogenesis of CAUTI. and are common CAUTI pathogens that persistently co-colonize the...
Polymicrobial biofilms play an important role in the development and pathogenesis of CAUTI. and are common CAUTI pathogens that persistently co-colonize the catheterized urinary tract and form biofilms with increased biomass and antibiotic resistance. In this study, we uncover the metabolic interplay that drives biofilm enhancement and examine the contribution to CAUTI severity. Through compositional and proteomic biofilm analyses, we determined that the increase in biofilm biomass stems from an increase in the protein fraction of the polymicrobial biofilm matrix. We further observed an enrichment in proteins associated with ornithine and arginine metabolism in polymicrobial biofilms compared to single-species biofilms. We show that L-ornithine secretion by promotes arginine biosynthesis in and that disruption of this metabolic interplay abrogates the biofilm enhancement we see and leads to significant decreases in infection severity and dissemination in a murine CAUTI model.
PubMed: 36993593
DOI: 10.1101/2023.03.17.533237 -
Infection and Drug Resistance 2024() is known to cause various infections, most commonly urinary tract infections, and is a threat to hospitalized patients, especially in long-stay departments that...
BACKGROUND
() is known to cause various infections, most commonly urinary tract infections, and is a threat to hospitalized patients, especially in long-stay departments that utilize invasive devices. This study aims to fill the knowledge gap regarding epidemiology and antimicrobial resistance in Saudi Arabia. It investigates epidemiological patterns, resistance characteristics, and clinical outcomes among patients at King Fahad Medical City in Riyadh from 2019 to 2021.
METHODS
A total of 598 isolated from diverse clinical specimens, including the clinical information of 78 intensive care unit (ICU) patients, were included in the current study. The Phoenix BD instrument was used for complete identification and sensitivity testing of spp. Demographic, clinical, and outcome data were reported and compared using statistical analysis.
RESULTS
Pan-drug-resistant isolates were identified in 2019 (n = 6), although multi- and extensively drug-resistant isolate frequencies were greatest among all patients in 2019. The highest susceptibility levels were observed for piperacillin-tazobactam, carbapenems, and cephalosporins antibiotics. In contrast, Cephalothin, trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole, and ampicillin had the lowest susceptibilities. Urine infections with a positive culture of were significantly higher in females and non-ICU patients ( <0.001), but respiratory infections were significantly higher in ICU patients ( <0.001). Moreover, ICU patients infected with and undergoing renal dialysis have a 7.2-fold ( 0.034) higher risk of death than those not receiving dialysis.
CONCLUSION
Hospitalized patients are at risk of fatal consequences due to infection. It is crucial to conduct further investigation to fully understand the severity of this issue and take necessary measures to prevent it.
PubMed: 38375102
DOI: 10.2147/IDR.S448335 -
The Journal of Antimicrobial... Oct 2022To detect a potential hidden dissemination of the blaOXA-48 gene among Proteus mirabilis isolates obtained from a single centre.
OBJECTIVES
To detect a potential hidden dissemination of the blaOXA-48 gene among Proteus mirabilis isolates obtained from a single centre.
METHODS
P. mirabilis from diverse clinical samples presenting an ESBL phenotype or obtained from blood cultured from 2017 to 2019 were evaluated. Bacterial identification was performed using MALDI-TOF MS. MICs were determined using International Organization for Standardization (ISO) standard microdilution and interpreted following EUCAST guidelines. WGS was performed using both short- and long-read technologies and assemblies were done using Unicycler. Resistomes were assessed using the ResFinder database. SNPs were detected using the PATRIC bioinformatics platform. Cloning experiments were performed using the pCRII-TOPO cloning kit.
RESULTS
Thirty-one out of 108 (28.7%) isolates were positive for blaOXA-48 and blaCTX-M-15. Twenty-nine out of 31 of the isolates were susceptible to temocillin, piperacillin/tazobactam, ertapenem and meropenem, whereas only 2/31 showed a resistance phenotype against these antibiotics. Both blaOXA-48 and blaCTX-M-15 genes were detected within the same chromosomally integrated new transposon in all isolates. The resistant isolates displayed a single mutation located in the putative promoter upstream of blaOXA-48. Cloning experiments confirmed that the mutation was responsible for the resistance phenotype.
CONCLUSIONS
The presence of a chromosomal copy of blaOXA-48 did not confer resistance to carbapenems, but a single mutation in the promoter could lead to an increase in resistance. This study shows a hidden circulation of OXA-48-positive, but carbapenem- and piperacillin/tazobactam-susceptible, P. mirabilis isolates that can become resistant to β-lactams after a single mutation.
Topics: Carbapenems; Proteus mirabilis; beta-Lactamases; Microbial Sensitivity Tests; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Piperacillin, Tazobactam Drug Combination
PubMed: 35971566
DOI: 10.1093/jac/dkac267 -
Journal of Infection and Chemotherapy :... Mar 2022Proteus mirabilis is one of the main pathogens that cause urinary tract infections. Therefore, the aim of this study was to analyze and compare the genetic profile of 36...
INTRODUCTION
Proteus mirabilis is one of the main pathogens that cause urinary tract infections. Therefore, the aim of this study was to analyze and compare the genetic profile of 36 clinical isolates of P. mirabilis that carry and do not carry the bla and bla gene with respect to virulence factors (mrpG, pmfA, ucaA, nrpG and pbtA) and antimicrobial resistance (blabla, bla, blabla, bla, bla and bla).
METHODS
The virulence and resistance genes were investigated by using PCR and sequencing.
RESULTS
ERIC-PCR typing showed that the isolates showed multiclonal dissemination and high genetic variability. The gene that was most found bla (n = 18), followed by bla (n = 10) and bla (n = 8). To our knowledge, this is the first report of bla in P. mirabilis in Brazil, as well as the first report of the occurrence of P. mirabilis co-carrying bla/bla and bla/bla. The bla or bla carrier isolates showed important virulence genes, such as ucaA (n = 8/44.4%), pbtA (n = 10/55.5%) and nrpG (n = 2/11.1%). However, in general, the non-carrier isolates of bla and bla showed a greater number of virulence genes when compared to the carrier group.
CONCLUSION
Clinical isolates of P. mirabilis, in addition to being multi-drug resistant, presented efficient virulence factors that can establish infection outside the gastrointestinal tract.
Topics: Anti-Bacterial Agents; Bacterial Proteins; Brazil; Humans; Microbial Sensitivity Tests; Proteus mirabilis; Virulence Factors; beta-Lactamases
PubMed: 34815168
DOI: 10.1016/j.jiac.2021.11.001 -
Nan Fang Yi Ke Da Xue Xue Bao = Journal... May 2023To construct a gene knockout strain of and explore the effect of gene deletion on biological characteristics of .
OBJECTIVE
To construct a gene knockout strain of and explore the effect of gene deletion on biological characteristics of .
METHODS
Fusion PCR was used to obtain the fusion gene of and the kanamycin-resistant gene , which was ligated with the suicide vector pCVD442 and transduced into . The gene knockout strain of was obtained after homologous recombination with the suicide vector. PCR and Sanger sequencing were used to identify genomic deletion of gene in the genetically modified strain. The concentration of molybdate in the wild-type and gene knockout strains was determined using inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS), and their survival ability in LB medium was compared under both aerobic and anaerobic conditions.
RESULTS
PCR and sanger sequencing confirmed genomic deletion of gene in the obtained strain. The concentration of intracellular molybdenum in the gene knockout strain was 1.22 mg/kg, significantly lower than that in the wild-type strain (1.46 mg/kg, < 0.001). Under the aerobic condition, the gene knockout strain grown in LB medium showed no significant changes in survival ability compared with the wild-type strain, but its proliferation rate decreased significantly under the anaerobic condition and also when cultured in nitrate-containing LB medium under anaerobic condition.
CONCLUSION
Homologous recombination with the suicide vector can be used for gene knockout in . gene participates in molybdate uptake and is associated with anaerobic growth of Proteus mirabilis in the presence of nitrate.
Topics: Humans; Gene Deletion; Nitrates; Proteus mirabilis; Gene Knockout Techniques
PubMed: 37313829
DOI: 10.12122/j.issn.1673-4254.2023.05.23 -
Mymensingh Medical Journal : MMJ Apr 2021Different Proteus species are encountered in human infections and may vary with the type of infections they cause. So, the present study was conducted to detect species...
Different Proteus species are encountered in human infections and may vary with the type of infections they cause. So, the present study was conducted to detect species of Proteus by PCR and RFLP along with their antibiotic resistance pattern. This cross-sectional study was conducted in the Department of Microbiology of Dhaka Medical College, Dhaka, Bangladesh, from July 2018 to June 2019. A total of 500 wound swab and pus, urine and blood samples were tested for bacterial pathogens. Proteus spp. were identified and differentiated by biochemical test, PCR and RFLP. Antibiotic susceptibility was performed by disc-diffusion technique. Fourty Proteus spp. was isolated from 300 culture positive samples, giving 13.33% prevalence of Proteus infections. Proteus mirabilis and Proteus vulgaris were identified by culture, biochemical test, PCR and RFLP. The results were similar by both methods (biochemical tests and PCR). RFLP of 16S rRNA fragments digested with HaeIII revealed that P. mirabilis consisted of two bands at approximately 110 and 190 bp and P. vulgaris consisted of three bands at approximately 100, 180 and 220 bp. The proportion (80%) of P. mirabilis was more than P. vulgaris. Highest proportion (77.5%) of Proteus spp. was isolated from wound swab and pus followed by urine samples. A significant proportion of Proteus spp. was multidrug resistant (90%) and extensively drug resistant (37.5%). Fosfomycin was found the most sensitive drug followed by imipenem. This study provided an insight into antibiotic resistance pattern of Proteus spp. and showed high level resistance towards commonly used antimicrobial agents. PCR and RFLP may be suitable method to identify and differentiate species of Proteus and to treat them accordingly.
Topics: Anti-Bacterial Agents; Bangladesh; Cross-Sectional Studies; Drug Resistance, Microbial; Humans; Microbial Sensitivity Tests; Polymerase Chain Reaction; Polymorphism, Restriction Fragment Length; Proteus; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S
PubMed: 33830114
DOI: No ID Found