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Cureus Dec 2020An intracranial abscess caused by is rarely reported in adults. A 17-year-old girl presented with generalized tonic-clonic seizure, high-grade fever, headache, and...
An intracranial abscess caused by is rarely reported in adults. A 17-year-old girl presented with generalized tonic-clonic seizure, high-grade fever, headache, and vomiting with a history of slowly progressing apathy, clumsiness, and disorientation. She had meningeal signs and altered sensorium with a Glasgow Coma Scale of 10. The laboratory analysis revealed leukocytosis and elevated erythrocyte sedimentation rate. Brain computed tomography (CT) revealed a cystic lesion in the left temporal lobe with perilesional edema and a slight midline shift. She was commenced on empiric ceftriaxone, amikacin, and metronidazole. The non-foul smelling pus was drained through a craniotomy, and pus culture showed . Culture sensitivity revealed extended-spectrum B-lactamase production, and she was commenced on intravenous carbapenem in addition to existing drugs. A repeat CT revealed a significant reduction in abscess size, and improvement in her condition was observed. On her recent follow-up visit, she was doing well.
PubMed: 33520524
DOI: 10.7759/cureus.12326 -
Microbial Drug Resistance (Larchmont,... Nov 2019Of all the spp., is the most common species identified in clinical specimens and is a leading agent of complicated urinary tract infection. This study was undertaken...
Of all the spp., is the most common species identified in clinical specimens and is a leading agent of complicated urinary tract infection. This study was undertaken to understand the antimicrobial susceptibility, prevalence of antibiotic resistance genes, and molecular typing of isolates collected from three hospitals in northern Taiwan. The results showed that the collected isolates of were susceptible to most antibiotics except cefazolin and tigecycline. Many resistance genes were detected in the collected isolates, of which TEM genes were the most common. Resistance to third- or fourth-generation cephalosporins was related to the presence of at least one of the tested extended-spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL) or AmpC genes. The presence of the VEB-1 gene seemed to be a good predictor for both cefepime and ceftazidime resistance, which was further supported by quantitative polymerase chain reaction results. Of the four imipenem-resistant isolates, three isolates could hydrolyze imipenem by mass spectrometry analysis. Molecular typing by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis showed that the pulsotyping of the selected isolates was heterogeneous. By analyzing the relationship of antimicrobial resistance and the presence of resistance genes, revision of the Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute cefepime and ceftazidime MIC breakpoints for Enterobacteriaceae to predict ESBL producers might possibly be needed.
Topics: Anti-Bacterial Agents; Drug Resistance, Bacterial; Hospitals; Humans; Microbial Sensitivity Tests; Molecular Epidemiology; Polymerase Chain Reaction; Proteus Infections; Proteus mirabilis; Taiwan; beta-Lactamases
PubMed: 31295061
DOI: 10.1089/mdr.2019.0066 -
International Journal of Molecular... Jul 2021Infection by causes urinary stones and catheter incrustation due to ammonia formed by urease (PMU), one of its virulence factors. Non-enzymatic properties, such as...
Infection by causes urinary stones and catheter incrustation due to ammonia formed by urease (PMU), one of its virulence factors. Non-enzymatic properties, such as pro-inflammatory and neurotoxic activities, were previously reported for distinct ureases, including that of the gastric pathogen . Here, PMU was assayed on isolated cells to evaluate its non-enzymatic properties. Purified PMU (nanomolar range) was tested in human (platelets, HEK293 and SH-SY5Y) cells, and in murine microglia (BV-2). PMU promoted platelet aggregation. It did not affect cellular viability and no ammonia was detected in the cultures' supernatants. PMU-treated HEK293 cells acquired a pro-inflammatory phenotype, producing reactive oxygen species (ROS) and cytokines IL-1β and TNF-α. SH-SY5Y cells stimulated with PMU showed high levels of intracellular Ca and ROS production, but unlike BV-2 cells, SH-SY5Y did not synthesize TNF-α and IL-1β. Texas Red-labeled PMU was found in the cytoplasm and in the nucleus of all cell types. Bioinformatic analysis revealed two bipartite nuclear localization sequences in PMU. We have shown that PMU, besides urinary stone formation, can potentially contribute in other ways to pathogenesis. Our data suggest that PMU triggers pro-inflammatory effects and may affect cells beyond the renal system, indicating a possible role in extra-urinary diseases.
Topics: Amino Acid Sequence; Animals; Calcium; Cell Line; Cell Nucleus; HEK293 Cells; Humans; In Vitro Techniques; Mice; Microglia; Models, Molecular; Neurons; Neurotoxins; Nuclear Localization Signals; Platelet Aggregation; Proteus mirabilis; Recombinant Proteins; Urease; Virulence
PubMed: 34281258
DOI: 10.3390/ijms22137205 -
Food Microbiology Jun 2021Proteus mirabilis is an important pathogen involved in human urinary tract infections, and also more isolated from stools of patients with diarrheal disease than from...
Proteus mirabilis is an important pathogen involved in human urinary tract infections, and also more isolated from stools of patients with diarrheal disease than from healthy patients. The role of food, especially poultry products as source for human infection and multi-resistant strains remains unclear. As a resident in broilers' intestines, P. mirabilis can contaminate broiler carcasses due to slaughter practices, and be a risk for human infection. The present study evaluated the performance of five isolation media, and subsequently examined the presence of P. mirabilis on broiler carcasses at retail. Additionally, isolates were characterized by the Dienes' test, repetitive element PCR fingerprinting and pulsed-field gel electrophoresis, and their antibiotic resistance profile determined. Using a combined isolation protocol on blood agar, xylose lysine deoxycholate agar and violet red bile glucose agar, P. mirabilis was isolated from 29 out of 80 broiler carcasses (36.25%) with a mean contamination level of 2.25 ± 0.50 log CFU/g. A high strain heterogeneity was present in isolates from broilers and human stool. The same strains were not shared, but the antibiotic resistance profiling was similar. A role of poultry products as source for human infection should be taken into account.
Topics: Animals; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Belgium; Chickens; Drug Resistance, Bacterial; Feces; Humans; Meat; Poultry Diseases; Proteus Infections; Proteus mirabilis
PubMed: 33494897
DOI: 10.1016/j.fm.2020.103724 -
Journal of Medical Microbiology Jan 2023. is part of the family , and is naturally resistant to various antimicrobial drugs. In recent years, outbreaks of severe nosocomial infections caused by...
. is part of the family , and is naturally resistant to various antimicrobial drugs. In recent years, outbreaks of severe nosocomial infections caused by carbapenem-resistant (CR-PMI) have been frequently reported. Few studies exist on the whole-genome molecular characteristics of this bacterium in China and elsewhere, which stimulated the implementation of this study.. CR-PMI strains contained the multiple drug resistance genes and exhibited a high resistance rate to commonly used antimicrobial drugs.. Our goals here were to identify resistance mechanisms and homology of CR-PMI strains and provide a theoretical basis for clinical treatment and controlling nosocomial infections.. Bacterial species identification was carried out using matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time of flight MS (MALDI-TOF-MS). Antimicrobial susceptibility was determined using the VITEK 2 system and Kirby-Bauer (K-B) disc-diffusion method. Whole-genome sequencing (WGS) was conducted by the Illumina platform NovaSeq sequencer. Antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) were identified using the NCBI database with Abricate. Plasmid replicon types were identified using PlasmidFinder, available at the Center for Genomic Epidemiology.. Five CR-PMI strains collected in our hospital from July 2019 to September 2021 were resistant to almost all antimicrobial agents except aztreonam (ATM), amikacin (AMK) and cefotetan (CTT). All CR-PMI strains contained the carbapenem resistance gene New Delhi metallo-β-lactamase 1 ( ), and two strains harboured extended-spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL) genes and . The five CR-PMI strains contained 27, 18, 30, 25 and 24 drug-resistance genes, respectively. Most antimicrobial resistance genes were detected for aminoglycosides (=14), followed by cephalosporins (=7). The phylogenetic tree was divided into five evolutionary groups, and the five CR-PMI strains were in the four evolutionary groups B-E. Overall, CR-PMI strains exhibited a high resistance rate to commonly used antimicrobial drugs, and contained the carbapenem resistance gene . The CR-PMI strains showed a polyclonal trend in different wards at different times. Most importantly, all strains identified contained important antimicrobial resistance genes, which may lead to severe drug resistance transmission and fatal multiple resistant bacterial infections.
Topics: Humans; Proteus mirabilis; Phylogeny; Microbial Sensitivity Tests; Anti-Bacterial Agents; beta-Lactamases; Carbapenems; Whole Genome Sequencing; Carbapenem-Resistant Enterobacteriaceae; Cross Infection
PubMed: 36748625
DOI: 10.1099/jmm.0.001648 -
Heliyon Feb 2020and form mixed biofilms in catheter-associated urinary tract infections. However, co-inoculation of with in artificial urine medium (AUM) resulted in a drastic...
and form mixed biofilms in catheter-associated urinary tract infections. However, co-inoculation of with in artificial urine medium (AUM) resulted in a drastic reduction of cells in both biofilm and planktonic growth. Here, the mechanism behind this competitive interaction was studied. Both pH and aqueous ammonia (NH) increased in mixed cultures (to 9.3 and 150 mM, respectively), while viable cells dramatically diminished over time (>6-log reduction, < 0.05). Mixed cultures developed in either 2-(-morpholino) ethanesulfonic acid (MES)-buffered AUM (pH 6.5) or AUM without urea did not show bacterial competition, evidencing that the increase in pH and/or NH concentration play a role in the competitive interaction. Viability of single-species cultures decreased 1.5-log in alkaline AUM containing 150 mM NH after 24 h inoculation, suggesting that ammonia is involved in this inter-species competition. Besides NH, additional antimicrobials should be present to get the whole competitive effect. Supernatants from -containing cultures significantly diminished viability in planktonic cultures and affected biofilm biomass ( < 0.05). When subjected to evaporation, these supernatants lost their antimicrobial activity suggesting the volatile nature of the antimicrobial compounds. Exposure of to volatile compounds released by significantly decreased cell viability in both planktonic and biofilm cultures ( < 0.05). The current investigation also evidenced a similar bactericidal effect of volatiles over and . Altogether, these results evidence the secretion of ammonia and other volatile compounds by , with antimicrobial activity against gram-negative uropathogens including . This investigation provides novel insight into competitive inter-species interactions that are mediated by production of volatile molecules.
PubMed: 32055744
DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2020.e03361 -
Archives of Razi Institute Dec 2022belongs to the family Enterobacteriaceae and is capable of transforming in shape from rod to elongated and swarming motility by flagella. It is an opportunity for...
belongs to the family Enterobacteriaceae and is capable of transforming in shape from rod to elongated and swarming motility by flagella. It is an opportunity for bacteria and can cause different clinical diseases. Therefore, this study aimed to assay and detect a sequence of genes that encode for antibiotic resistance in multidrug resistance clinical isolates of , including , , qnrA, , and secondly to investigate the relationship in the phylogenetic tree among these genes in Iraq comparison with global strains in NCBI. The study included the identifying of 500 clinical samples depending on morphological and biochemical tests and confirming diagnosis by the VITEK-2 Compact system. The confirmed isolates of were 95 clinical isolates (19%). Antibiotic susceptibility test of all these isolates was done using twelve antibiotics tested using Amoxicillin, Aztreonam, Imipenem, Cefoxitin, Amikacin, Ceftazidem, Ciprofloxacin, Nalidixic acid, Gentamicin, Sulphamethazol-trimethoprim, Cefotaxime, Amoxicillin-clavulanic acid. The results showed that multidrug resistance isolates contained the genes in different levels as follow gene (90%), gene (80%) , gene (100%), gene (80%). These genes were sequenced and detected phylogenetic relationships among these genes and global genes were documented in NCBI. The results showed that some Iraqi isolates contain genetic variation compared to global strains. Therefore, this variation was detected and registered in NCBI of all five antibiotic resistance genes mentioned above and accepted under accession numbers of gene (LC613168.1), gene (LC613166.1), gene (LC613169.1), gene (LC613170.1).
Topics: Anti-Bacterial Agents; Drug Resistance, Multiple, Bacterial; Phylogeny; Proteus Infections; Proteus mirabilis
PubMed: 37274906
DOI: 10.22092/ARI.2022.358489.2230 -
Scientific Reports Jan 2021Modification of outer membrane proteins (OMPs) is the first line of Gram-negative bacteria defence against antimicrobials. Here we point to Proteus mirabilis OMPs and...
Modification of outer membrane proteins (OMPs) is the first line of Gram-negative bacteria defence against antimicrobials. Here we point to Proteus mirabilis OMPs and their role in antibiotic and phage resistance. Protein profiles of amikacin (AMKrsv), phage (Brsv) and amikacin/phage (AMK/Brsv) resistant variants of P. mirabilis were compared to that obtained for a wild strain. In resistant variants there were identified 14, 1, 5 overexpressed and 13, 5, 1 downregulated proteins for AMKrsv, Brsv and AMK/Brsv, respectively. Application of phages with amikacin led to reducing the number of up- and downregulated proteins compared to single antibiotic treatment. Proteins isolated in AMKrsv are involved in protein biosynthesis, transcription and signal transduction, which correspond to well-known mechanisms of bacteria resistance to aminoglycosides. In isolated OMPs several cytoplasmic proteins, important in antibiotic resistance, were identified, probably as a result of environmental stress, e.g. elongation factor Tu, asparaginyl-tRNA and aspartyl-tRNA synthetases. In Brsv there were identified: NusA and dynamin superfamily protein which could play a role in bacteriophage resistance. In the resistant variants proteins associated with resistance mechanisms occurring in biofilm, e.g. polyphosphate kinase, flagella basal body rod protein were detected. These results indicate proteins important in the development of P. mirabilis antibiofilm therapies.
Topics: Amikacin; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Bacterial Infections; Bacterial Outer Membrane Proteins; Bacteriophages; Biofilms; Drug Resistance, Microbial; Gram-Negative Bacteria; Membrane Proteins; Proteus mirabilis
PubMed: 33452316
DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-80907-9 -
Molecular Biology Reports Mar 2024Bacterial pathogens are the causative agents of some of the most serious disease problems in cultured fish causing mortalities and severe economic losses. This study was...
BACKGROUND
Bacterial pathogens are the causative agents of some of the most serious disease problems in cultured fish causing mortalities and severe economic losses. This study was conducted to determine the occurrence and characterization of Proteus mirabilis from infected farmed African catfish in Ogun State, Nigeria.
METHODOLOGY
The bacteria were isolated from diseased farmed African catfish (Clarias gariepinus, n=128) with clinical signs of skin haemorrhages, ulceration, and ascites purposively sampled from farms within three senatorial districts namely Ogun East (OE; n=76), Ogun Central (OC; n=30) and Ogun West (OW; n=22) in Ogun State. The isolates were identified based on morphological characteristics, biochemical tests, and 16S rRNA gene characterisation. The 16S rRNA gene sequences were analysed using BLAST, submitted to the NCBI database, and an accession number was generated.
RESULTS
The occurrence of Proteus mirabilis in infected Clarias gariepinus was 13.16%, 25%, and 31.25% in OE, OC, and OW, respectively. A significantly higher incidence was recorded in OW compared to other areas. All the Proteus mirabilis isolates were motile, gram-negative, short rod, non-lactose fermenter bacteria that showed positive catalase reactions, negative oxidase, and positive for methyl-red. The Proteus mirabilis isolates (OP 594726.1) were closely related to isolates from Pakistan, Italy, and India CONCLUSIONS: We conclude that Proteus mirabilis colonises farmed Clarias gariepinus in Ogun State, Nigeria and the identified strain showed an evolutionary relationship with known pathogenic NCBI reference strains from other countries.
Topics: Animals; Proteus mirabilis; Catfishes; Nigeria; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; Bacteria
PubMed: 38532199
DOI: 10.1007/s11033-023-08973-6 -
Journal of Global Antimicrobial... Mar 2022This study aimed to clarify the characteristics of Tn7-derivatives transposons in MDR Proteus mirabilis strains isolated from anal swabs of chicken and swine in China...
OBJECTIVES
This study aimed to clarify the characteristics of Tn7-derivatives transposons in MDR Proteus mirabilis strains isolated from anal swabs of chicken and swine in China from 2015-2020.
METHODS
The Tn7 tnsA gene was screened in 207 P. mirabilis isolates by polymerase chain reaction (PCR). These strains were subjected to antimicrobial susceptibility testing. Illumina Hiseq (200 × coverage) was used for genome sequencing. Transposon maps were completed by PCR and Sanger sequencing and analysed by BLAST.
RESULTS
The Tn7 tnsA gene was detected in 21 strains by PCR. Eight novel Tn7-derivatives, named Tn6667, Tn6668, Tn6669, Tn6670, Tn7095, Tn7096, Tn7097 and Tn7098, were characterised. Three types of hybrid class 2/1 integrons were found at the right end of Tn7 derivatives. A novel Tn7-like transposon Tn6666 with an active integrase gene intI2, whose transposition module shows 93% nucleotide identity to the corresponding region of Tn7, was characterised in three strains. Tn6666 is also found next to Tn7097 or Tn7098 in the chromosomes of two clonally related P. mirabilis strains. The number of resistance genes carried by the novel transposons varied from 1 to 18. A novel variant of class A extended-spectrum beta-lactamase gene, bla, with eight base substitutions compared with bla, was harboured by Tn7098.
CONCLUSION
Our study characterised diverse novel Tn7-derivatives and a new Tn7-like transposon in P. mirabilis. An active integrase gene intI2 might promote the diversification of Tn7-like transposons. More attention should be paid to the prevalence and evolution of Tn7-derivatives and Tn7-like transposons and antimicrobial resistance genes they carry.
Topics: Animals; Chickens; China; Integrases; Integrons; Proteus mirabilis; Swine
PubMed: 35081393
DOI: 10.1016/j.jgar.2022.01.012