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Colombia Medica (Cali, Colombia) 2021gastroschisis is a congenital structural defect of the abdominal wall, most often to the right of the umbilicus, through which the abdominal viscera protrude. Its... (Review)
Review
gastroschisis is a congenital structural defect of the abdominal wall, most often to the right of the umbilicus, through which the abdominal viscera protrude. Its developmental, etiological and epidemiological aspects have been a hot topic of controversy for a long time. However, recent findings suggest the involving of genetic and chromosomal alterations and the existence of a stress-inducing pathogenetic pathway, in which risk factors such as demographic and environmental ones can converge. To expand the frontier of knowledge about a malformation that has showed a growing global prevalence, we have conducted a review of the medical literature that gathers information on the embryonic development of the ventral body wall, the primitive intestine, and the ring-umbilical cord complex, as well as on the theories about its origin, pathogenesis and recent epidemiological evidence, for which we consulted bibliographic databases and standard search engines.
Topics: Abdominal Wall; Female; Gastroschisis; Humans; Pregnancy; Prevalence; Risk Factors
PubMed: 35431359
DOI: 10.25100/cm.v52i3.4227 -
Journal of the American Chemical Society Nov 2020Suitanes are a class of mechanically interlocked molecules (MIMs) that consist of two components: a body with limbs protruding outward and a suit that fits appropriately...
Suitanes are a class of mechanically interlocked molecules (MIMs) that consist of two components: a body with limbs protruding outward and a suit that fits appropriately around it, so that there is no easy way for the suit to be removed from the body. Herein, we report the synthesis and characterization of a suit[3]ane, which contains a benzotrithiophene derivative () with three protruding hexyl chains as the body and a 3-fold symmetric, extended pyridinium-based cage, namely, , as the suit. Central to its realization is effective templation, provided by during cage formation, an observation that has been supported by the strong binding constant between benzotrithiophene () and the empty cage. The solid-state structure of the suit[3]ane reveals that the body is confined within the suit's cavity with its alkyl chains protruding outward through the orifices in the cage. Notably, such a seemingly unstable molecule, having three flexible alkyl chains as its only protruding limbs, does not dissociate after prolonged heating in CDCN at 100 °C under pressure for 7 days. No evidence for guest exchange with the host was observed at this temperature in a 2:1 mixture of and in CDCN. The results indicate that flexible protruding limbs are sufficient for a suit[3]ane to remain mechanically stable even at high temperatures in solution.
Topics: Acetonitriles; Biflavonoids; Catechin; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; Molecular Conformation; Pyridines; Temperature
PubMed: 33180476
DOI: 10.1021/jacs.0c09896 -
Journal of Neurosurgery. Spine Oct 2023Relatively little evidence exists on predictive factors for the spontaneous regression of lumbar disc herniation (LDH), although it is a well-documented phenomenon.... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis
OBJECTIVE
Relatively little evidence exists on predictive factors for the spontaneous regression of lumbar disc herniation (LDH), although it is a well-documented phenomenon. Therefore, current care is not optimized to identify those who would benefit from early surgery versus those who could avoid surgical risks and pursue nonsurgical therapy. In this study, the authors aimed to analyze and summarize all literature to date on predictive factors for spontaneous LDH regression as well as suggest future research strategies to aid in the decision-making for this cohort.
METHODS
A literature search was conducted of the Cochrane, Embase, and MEDLINE databases for articles that described LDH in terms of the North American Spine Society task force definitions: bulging, protruded, extruded, and sequestered disc morphologies. All articles described a nonsurgical primary symptomatic LDH cohort with at least two MR images to assess regression. Those with concomitant spinal disease were excluded. The primary outcome was to assess the probability of disc regression for each disc morphology, with a secondary analysis for any other predictive factors identified. The authors synthesized their results with the only previous review (examining articles published before March 2014) to comprehensively describe the literature. A qualitative analysis of the wider literature was also performed for those studies with differing definitions of LDH but meeting all remaining inclusion criteria.
RESULTS
Sixteen articles describing 360 cases of LDH were identified. Participants tended to be younger and male and presented with radiculopathy and L4-5 or L5-S1 LDH. The mean time to follow-up imaging was 11.5 months. The probabilities of spontaneous regression with bulging, protruded, extruded, and sequestered discs were 13.3%, 52.5%, 70.4%, and 93.0%, respectively (χ2 = 126.01, p < 0.001). Extruded and sequestered discs were also significantly more likely to completely regress than smaller morphologies. Other predictors of regression were larger baseline herniation volume (1260.16 vs 1006.71 mm3, p < 0.002), transligamentous herniation (χ2 = 13.321, p < 0.001), and higher Komori types (χ2 = 14.5132, p < 0.001). The authors also found similar trends in qualitative data as well as confirmed that symptom improvement was associated with disc regression.
CONCLUSIONS
This study shows further evidence of the influence of disc morphology on predicting LDH regression as well as provides the first meta-analysis of data indicating additional predictive factors. Further investigation of predictive factors for early (< 6 months) LDH regression is suggested to optimize clinical use.
Topics: Humans; Male; Intervertebral Disc Displacement; Intervertebral Disc; Lumbar Vertebrae; Radiculopathy; Spinal Diseases
PubMed: 37486886
DOI: 10.3171/2023.6.SPINE23367 -
World Neurosurgery Apr 2021Intrasellar cephalocele is very rare and is often overlooked because of its atypical clinical demonstration. A 2-year, 10-month-old girl was referred to our hospital...
Intrasellar cephalocele is very rare and is often overlooked because of its atypical clinical demonstration. A 2-year, 10-month-old girl was referred to our hospital with short stature. Magnetic resonance imaging revealed an extension of the anterior third ventricle, which protruded into the pituitary fossa, but not into the craniopharyngeal canal, sphenoid bone, or sphenoid sinus. In addition, there was no bony defect of the floor of the sellar turcica or the sphenoid sinus, and the mass was not protruding into the nasal cavity or nasopharynx. Thus the patient was clinically diagnosed with intrasellar cephalocele, which is considered as a rare subtype of transsphenoidal cephalocele. Instead of surgical intervention, the patient was given growth hormone replacement therapy. After 1-year follow-up, the patient had significant increase in height.
Topics: Child, Preschool; Encephalocele; Female; Growth Disorders; Hormone Replacement Therapy; Human Growth Hormone; Humans; Hypopituitarism; Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Sella Turcica
PubMed: 33385601
DOI: 10.1016/j.wneu.2020.12.112 -
Journal of the American Chemical Society Jun 2020Suitanes are two-component mechanically interlocked molecules in which one (torso) of the components, with several protruding limbs, is encompassed by another (suit)...
Suitanes are two-component mechanically interlocked molecules in which one (torso) of the components, with several protruding limbs, is encompassed by another (suit) all-in-one component. This kind of molecular ship-in-a-bottle architecture remains a challenging one to make. Herein, we report a porphyrin-based suit[4]ane, which is composed of a porphyrin with four protruding ligands (two phenyl groups and two bromine atoms) called the limbs that are encompassed by a tricyclic octacationic cyclophane. The suit[4]ane can be obtained by slippage, a mechanism by which the cyclophane is able to open up two of its entrances in order to take up the porphyrin at high temperature and close them down at low temperature, locking the porphyrin inside its binding cavity. Dynamic H NMR spectroscopy reveals that the trapped porphyrin inside the cyclophane rocks back and forth in the suit[4]ane about 1000 times a second.
PubMed: 32422050
DOI: 10.1021/jacs.0c03408