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Global Change Biology Sep 2023Intraspecific variation plays a critical role in extant and future forest responses to climate change. Forest tree species with wide climatic niches rely on the... (Review)
Review
Intraspecific variation plays a critical role in extant and future forest responses to climate change. Forest tree species with wide climatic niches rely on the intraspecific variation resulting from genetic adaptation and phenotypic plasticity to accommodate spatial and temporal climate variability. A centuries-old legacy of forest ecological genetics and provenance trials has provided a strong foundation upon which to continue building on this knowledge, which is critical to maintain climate-adapted forests. Our overall objective is to understand forest trees intraspecific responses to climate across species and biomes, while our specific objectives are to describe ecological genetics models used to build our foundational knowledge, summarize modeling approaches that have expanded the traditional toolset, and extensively review the literature from 1994 to 2021 to highlight the main contributions of this legacy and the new analyzes of provenance trials. We reviewed 103 studies comprising at least three common gardens, which covered 58 forest tree species, 28 of them with range-wide studies. Although studies using provenance trial data cover mostly commercially important forest tree species from temperate and boreal biomes, this synthesis provides a global overview of forest tree species adaptation to climate. We found that evidence for genetic adaptation to local climate is commonly present in the species studied (79%), being more common in conifers (87.5%) than in broadleaf species (67%). In 57% of the species, clines in fitness-related traits were associated with temperature variables, in 14% of the species with precipitation, and in 25% of the species with both. Evidence of adaptation lags was found in 50% of the species with range-wide studies. We conclude that ecological genetics models and analysis of provenance trial data provide excellent insights on intraspecific genetic variation, whereas the role and limits of phenotypic plasticity, which will likely determine the fate of extant forests, is vastly understudied.
Topics: Trees; Climate Change; Forests; Adaptation, Physiological; Ecosystem
PubMed: 37029765
DOI: 10.1111/gcb.16711 -
RoFo : Fortschritte Auf Dem Gebiete Der... May 2024Worldwide, the study and examination of human remains and the circumstances of their acquisition for anatomical collection have received great interest. As part of...
Worldwide, the study and examination of human remains and the circumstances of their acquisition for anatomical collection have received great interest. As part of provenance research projects, a large number of collections are being investigated to determine whether the human remains have been acquired in a correct or unlawful way because the people could have been killed in order to be used as "anthropological objects" for research purposes and to become so-called "specimens". These topics have also been addressed by the Institute of Anatomy at the University Medical Center Rostock. The role of radiology in this interdisciplinary project will be presented using selected examples.The anatomical collection at the University of Rostock includes 40 human skulls, 14 plaster casts, 6 Egyptian mummy heads, and 1 full-body mummy. In addition to the examination by a historian, an anthropologist, and forensic pathologists, additional computed tomography was carried out on nine skulls and the full-body mummy. Micro-computed tomography was also carried out on seven skulls in order to enable a look behind the mummification material and tissue remains.(Micro-)computed tomography was able to close diagnostic gaps and the results presented some rather unexpected findings.Due to interdisciplinary collaboration, individual fates could be determined, which provided information about the individual's life and death circumstances. None of the examined individuals showed evidence of colonial-era injustice or the use of violence that would have led to their inclusion in the collection. (Micro-)computed tomography was a valuable addition to this provenance research project. · Computed tomography enhances interdisciplinary provenance research projects.. · Computed tomography enables a non-destructive examination of human remains.. · The future of research and presentation of human remains will increasingly be virtual.. · Steinhagen I, Brinker U, Kolbe V et al. The role of radiology in provenance research - experiences from the collaboration between radiology and anatomy at the University of Rostock and future perspectives. Fortschr Röntgenstr 2024; DOI 10.1055/a-2303-0312.
PubMed: 38744319
DOI: 10.1055/a-2303-0312 -
Studies in Health Technology and... Aug 2019Semantic standards and human language technologies are key enablers for semantic interoperability across heterogeneous document and data collections in clinical...
Semantic standards and human language technologies are key enablers for semantic interoperability across heterogeneous document and data collections in clinical information systems. Data provenance is awarded increasing attention, and it is especially critical where clinical data are automatically extracted from original documents, e.g. by text mining. This paper demonstrates how the output of a commercial clinical text-mining tool can be harmonised with FHIR, the leading clinical information model standard. Character ranges that indicate the origin of an annotation and machine generates confidence values were identified as crucial elements of data provenance in order to enrich text-mining results. We have specified and requested necessary extensions to the FHIR standard and demonstrated how, as a result, important metadata describing processes generating FHIR instances from clinical narratives can be embedded.
Topics: Data Mining; Delivery of Health Care; Electronic Health Records; Humans; Metadata; Semantics
PubMed: 31437890
DOI: 10.3233/SHTI190188 -
PloS One 2022To select elite Robinia pseudoacacia L. germplasm resources for production, 13 phenotypes and three physiological indicators of 214 seedlings from 20 provenances were...
To select elite Robinia pseudoacacia L. germplasm resources for production, 13 phenotypes and three physiological indicators of 214 seedlings from 20 provenances were systematically evaluated and analyzed. The leaf phenotypic and physiological coefficients of variation among the genotypes ranged from 3.741% to 19.599% and from 8.260% to 42.363%, respectively. The Kentucky provenance had the largest coefficient of variation (18.541%). The average differentiation coefficients between and within provenances were 34.161% and 38.756%, respectively. These close percentages showed that R. pseudoacacia presented high genetic variation among and within provenances, which can be useful for assisted migration and breeding programs. Furthermore, based on the results of correlations, principal component analysis and cluster analysis, breeding improvements targeting R. pseudoacacia's ornamental value, food value, and stress resistance of were performed. Forty and 30 excellent individuals, accounting for 18.692% and 14.019%, respectively, of the total resources. They were ultimately screened, after comprehensively taking into considering leaf phenotypic traits including compound leaf length, leaflet number and leaflet area and physiological characteristics including proline and soluble protein contents. These selected individuals could provide a base material for improved variety conservation and selection.
Topics: Kentucky; Phenotype; Plant Breeding; Plant Leaves; Robinia; Seedlings
PubMed: 34986177
DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0262278 -
Food Chemistry Mar 2022Octopus play an increasingly important role in ocean ecosystems and global fisheries, yet techniques for authenticating provenance are sorely lacking. For the first...
Octopus play an increasingly important role in ocean ecosystems and global fisheries, yet techniques for authenticating provenance are sorely lacking. For the first time, we investigate whether chemical profiling can distinguish geographical origins of octopus on international and domestic scales. Our samples consisted of wild-caught octopus from south-east Asia and southern Australia, regions with high seafood trade. We used a novel combination of stable carbon (δC) and oxygen (δO) isotope analyses (Isotope-Ratio Mass Spectrometry) of internal calcified structures called statoliths, with elemental analyses (X-Ray Fluorescence using Itrax) of soft-tissue. We found that multivariate profiles exhibited distinctive regional signatures, even across species, with high classification success (∼95%) back to region of origin. This study validates isotopic and multi-elemental profiling as an effective provenance tool for octopus, which could be used to support transparency and accountability of seafood supply chains and thus encourage sustainable use of ocean resources.
Topics: Animals; Carbon Isotopes; Ecosystem; Mass Spectrometry; Nitrogen Isotopes; Octopodiformes; Seafood
PubMed: 34808758
DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2021.131133 -
Heliyon Sep 2022The Cretaceous and Neogene deposits from the Mamfe Basin consisting of sandstone, shale and claystone were studied using petrography, and major, traces and REEs analyses...
The Cretaceous and Neogene deposits from the Mamfe Basin consisting of sandstone, shale and claystone were studied using petrography, and major, traces and REEs analyses to address sediment source, environment setting, prevailing paleoclimate as well as tectonic regime of the basin. The angular to subangular shape of detrital grains reflects the mineralogical and textural immaturity of sediments and the proximity of the sediment supply source. Sedimentary rocks are composed of a significant number of lithic debris, organic matter, ostracods as well as subrounded heavy minerals referring to notable igneous and metamorphic rocks bordering the Mamfe Basin. The plots of major element ratios including iron oxide/potasium oxide (FeO/KO) against silicium oxide/aluminium oxide (SiO/AlO) combined with that of sodium oxide/potassium oxide (NaO/KO) compared to silicium oxide/aluminium oxide (SiO/AlO) are characteristic of greywacke and shale with few arkoses. The pronounced Eu negative anomaly of chondrite normalized REEs along with the plot of La/Th vs Hf and Co/Th vs La/Sc suggest that sediments are in general from felsic and intermediate source rock provenance, only subordinated contribution of mafic source. The negative anomaly of Yb suggests igneous fractionation under highly reducing conditions. The chemical index of alteration values of 47-70 combined with chemical index of weathering values of 0.6-84 suggest low to moderate weathering process of the sediment in the basin. This result is further confirmed by an index of chemical variability values of 0.6-100 and Zr/Sc ratio of 0.06-2.96. The REEs distribution displays a substantial content in LREE, low content in HREE and noticible proportion of (La/Yb) ratio (mean >9), poor (Gd/Yb) ratio in the Cross River Formation (mean <2) and slightly moderate (Gd/Yb) ratio in the other formations (mean >2). This result implies that sediments from the Ngeme, Nfaitok and Baso formations derived from post-Archean rocks. Geochemical paleoenvironmental proxies including Sr/Cu, Sr/Ba, Ga/Rb vs Sr/Cu and SiO vs KO + NaO+AlO are in favor of arid to semi-arid conditions during the deposition. Trace Elemental ratios such as Sr/Cu, Sr/Ba, V/Ni, U/Th, Ni/Co, V/Sc, and V/Cr values indicate a predominance of oxic conditions during deposition. In contrast, some authigenic pyrite, hematite, siderite and vivianite which are iron-rich minerals suggests episodic reducing conditions in the basin. The study provides a valuable information in evaluating sediments source, depositional environment, tectonic regime as well as the paleoclimatic conditions prevailing in the basin during the depositional period. The geochemistry of rocks of the Ngeme and Baso formations suggest passive continental margin setting and Ngeme, Nfaitok and Cross River formations suggest oceanic island Arc tectonic setting.
PubMed: 36097494
DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2022.e10304 -
Knowledge and Information Systems May 2023In the era of massive sharing of information, the term social provenance is used to denote the ownership, source or origin of a piece of information which has been...
In the era of massive sharing of information, the term social provenance is used to denote the ownership, source or origin of a piece of information which has been propagated through social media. Tracking the provenance of information is becoming increasingly important as social platforms acquire more relevance as source of news. In this scenario, Twitter is considered one of the most important social networks for information sharing and dissemination which can be accelerated through the use of retweets and quotes. However, the Twitter API does not provide a complete tracking of the retweet chains, since only the connection between a retweet and the original post is stored, while all the intermediate connections are lost. This can limit the ability to track the diffusion of information as well as the estimation of the importance of specific users, who can rapidly become influencers, in the news dissemination. This paper proposes an innovative approach for rebuilding the possible chains of retweets and also providing an estimation of the contributions given by each user in the information spread. For this purpose, we define the concept of Provenance Constraint Network and a modified version of the Path Consistency Algorithm. An application of the proposed technique to a real-world dataset is presented at the end of the paper.
PubMed: 37361376
DOI: 10.1007/s10115-023-01878-7 -
Frontiers in Pharmacology 2020The Celtic linguistic community dominated large spans of Central and Western Europe between 800 BC and 500 AD, but knowledge of their traditional medicine is very... (Review)
Review
The Celtic linguistic community dominated large spans of Central and Western Europe between 800 BC and 500 AD, but knowledge of their traditional medicine is very limited. Multiple progressive plant gains in Neolithic settlements along the Danube and up the Rhine valleys suggested that taxon diversity of gathered plants peaked at the Balkans and was subsequently reduced as crop and gathered plants packages were adopted and dispersed throughout Neolithic Europe. This process coincided with the Bronze Age migration of the R1b proto-Celtic tribes, and their herbal traditions were occasionally recorded in the classic Greco-Roman texts on herbal medicines. The provenance of Celtic (Gallic) healing methods and magical formulas as recorded by Pliny, Scribonius Largus, and Marcellus Empiricus can still be found in the first part of the medieval Welsh (Cymry) herbal manuscript (recipes 1-188). Although the majority of I recipes were based on the Mediterranean herbal tradition of Dioscorides and Macer Floridus, they preserved the unique herbal preparation signatures distinct from continental and Anglo-Saxon counterparts in increased use of whey and ashes as vehicles for formulation of herbal remedies. Six plants could be hypothetically attributed to the Celtic (Welsh) herbal tradition including foxglove ( L.), corn bellflower ( L.), self-heal ( L.), sharp dock ( Murray), water pimpernel ( L.), and river startip ( L.) This review provides initial evidence for traces of Celtic framework in the Welsh herbal tradition and warrants further investigations of bioactivity and clinical applications of the described plant leads.
PubMed: 32184721
DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2020.00105 -
Animals : An Open Access Journal From... Jun 2023The illegal wildlife trade is a significant threat to global biodiversity, often targeting already threatened species. In combating the trade, it is critical to know the...
The illegal wildlife trade is a significant threat to global biodiversity, often targeting already threatened species. In combating the trade, it is critical to know the provenance of the traded animal or part to facilitate targeted conservation actions, such as education and enforcement. Here, we present and compare two methods, portable X-ray fluorescence (pXRF) and stable isotope analysis (SIA), to determine both the geographic and source provenance (captive or wild) of traded animals and their parts. Using three critically endangered, frequently illegally traded Philippine species, the Palawan forest turtle (), the Philippine cockatoo (), and the Philippine pangolin (), we demonstrate that using these methods, we can more accurately assign provenance using pXRF data (x¯ = 83%) than SIA data (x¯ = 47%). Our results indicate that these methods provide a valuable forensic tool that can be used in combating the illegal wildlife trade.
PubMed: 37443963
DOI: 10.3390/ani13132165 -
BMJ (Clinical Research Ed.) Dec 2019
PubMed: 31843754
DOI: 10.1136/bmj.l6745