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International Ophthalmology Oct 2022To retrospectively evaluate the effectiveness of the capsular vacuuming technique in reducing posterior capsule opacification (PCO).
AIM
To retrospectively evaluate the effectiveness of the capsular vacuuming technique in reducing posterior capsule opacification (PCO).
METHODS
Group 1 of the study consisted of 2752 eyes of 2752 patients with a cataract who had undergone phacoemulsification and IOL implantation surgery with anterior, equatorial, and posterior capsular polishing between January 2010 and December 2014. Group 2 consisted of 2761 eyes of 2761 patients with a cataract who had undergone phacoemulsification and IOL implantation surgery with anterior, equatorial, and posterior capsular polishing as well as posterior capsular vacuuming between January 2010 and December 2014.
RESULTS
The mean patient age was 63.45 ± 12.23 years (range, 43-89) in Group 1 and 64.02 ± 13.36 years (range, 40-91) in Group 2. The two groups did not significantly differ with respect to age, sex, preoperative and postoperative uncorrected visual acuity (UCVA), best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA), and intraocular pressure (IOP) measurements (p > 0.05). At the 5-year follow-up, 253 eyes (9.19%) in Group 1 developed PCO requiring Nd:YAG laser capsulotomy, whereas 24 eyes (0.86%) in Group 2 developed PCO requiring Nd:YAG laser capsulotomy (p < 0.001). During capsular vacuuming, posterior capsule rupture was observed in the shape of a hole in only 2 eyes in Group 2. But the IOLs were implanted in the capsular bag in all eyes in both groups.
CONCLUSION
PCO is the most common complication of cataract surgery; therefore, surgical technique is important in preventing PCO formation. We recommend posterior capsular vacuuming together with anterior, equatorial, and posterior capsular polishing, as this method significantly reduced the PCO rate.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Capsule Opacification; Cataract; Humans; Lens Implantation, Intraocular; Lenses, Intraocular; Middle Aged; Phacoemulsification; Posterior Capsulotomy; Postoperative Complications; Retrospective Studies
PubMed: 35378639
DOI: 10.1007/s10792-022-02295-5 -
Cells Jun 2023Steroid-induced cataracts (SIC) are defined as cataracts associated with the administration of corticosteroids. Long-term glucocorticoid treatment for inflammatory...
Steroid-induced cataracts (SIC) are defined as cataracts associated with the administration of corticosteroids. Long-term glucocorticoid treatment for inflammatory diseases reportedly increases the risk of SIC, and steroids can induce cataracts by disrupting ocular growth factor balance or homeostasis. In this study, we verified the effect of chondroitin sulfate proteoglycan 5 (CSPG5) using dexamethasone (dexa)-treated human lens epithelial (HLE-B3) cells and the lens epithelium from the anterior capsule of SIC patients obtained during cataract surgery. CSPG5 expression increased in the lens epithelium of SIC patients. The downregulation of CSPG5 suppressed the dexa-induced epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT)-related protein expression and motility in HLE-B3 cells. The disruption of the transcription factors and downregulated CSPG5, dexa-induced fibronectin expression, and cell migration in HLE-B3 cells, reaffirming that CSPG5 expression regulates EMT in lens epithelial cells. Taken together, these results indicate that the steroid-induced effects on lens epithelial cells are mediated via alterations in CSPG5 expression. Therefore, our study emphasizes the potential of CSPG5 as a therapeutic target for the prevention and treatment of SIC.
Topics: Humans; Lens, Crystalline; Cataract; Epithelium; Epithelial Cells; Chondroitin Sulfate Proteoglycans
PubMed: 37443739
DOI: 10.3390/cells12131705 -
Current Opinion in Ophthalmology May 2023There is a rising interest in the impact of diet on the pathogenesis of common ophthalmic conditions. The purpose of this review is to summarize the potential preventive... (Review)
Review
PURPOSE OF REVIEW
There is a rising interest in the impact of diet on the pathogenesis of common ophthalmic conditions. The purpose of this review is to summarize the potential preventive and therapeutic power of dietary interventions described in recent basic science and epidemiological literature.
RECENT FINDINGS
Basic science investigations have elucidated a variety of mechanisms by which diet may impact ophthalmic disease, particularly through its action on chronic oxidative stress, inflammation and macular pigmentation. Epidemiologic investigations have shown the real-world influence of diet on the incidence and progression of a number of ophthalmic diseases, particularly cataract, age-related macular degeneration (AMD) and diabetic retinopathy. A large observational cohort study found a 20% reduction in the incidence of cataract among vegetarians compared with nonvegetarians. Two recent systematic reviews found that higher adherence to Mediterranean dietary patterns was associated with a decreased risk of progression of AMD to later stages. Finally, large meta-analyses found that patients following plant-based and Mediterranean diets had significant reductions of mean haemoglobin A1c scores and incidence of diabetic retinopathy as compared with controls.
SUMMARY
There is a significant and growing body of evidence that Mediterranean diet and plant-based diets - those that maximize fruits, vegetables, legumes, whole grains and nuts; and that minimize animal products and processed foods - help prevent vision loss from cataract, AMD and diabetic retinopathy. These diets may hold benefits for other ophthalmic conditions, as well. Nevertheless, there is a need for further randomized, controlled and longitudinal studies in this area.
Topics: Animals; Humans; Diabetic Retinopathy; Diet, Mediterranean; Macular Degeneration; Cataract; Observational Studies as Topic
PubMed: 36866844
DOI: 10.1097/ICU.0000000000000943 -
Ageing Research Reviews Aug 2022Cataract is the leading cause of blindness worldwide and surgery is the only option to treat the disease. Although the surgery is considered to be relatively safe,... (Review)
Review
Cataract is the leading cause of blindness worldwide and surgery is the only option to treat the disease. Although the surgery is considered to be relatively safe, complications may occur in a subset of patients and access to ophthalmic care may be limited. Due to a growing and ageing population, an increase in cataract prevalence is expected and its management will become a socioeconomic challenge. Hence, there is a need for an alternative to cataract surgery. It is well known that oxidative stress is one of the main pathological processes leading to the generation of the disease. Antioxidant supplementation may, therefore, be a strategy to delay or to prevent the progression of cataract. Caffeine is a widely consumed high-potency antioxidant and may be of interest for the prevention of the disease. This review aims to give an overview of the anatomy and function of the lens, its antioxidant and reactive oxygen species (ROS) composition, and the role of oxidative stress in cataractogenesis. Also, the pharmacokinetics and -dynamics of caffeine will be described and the literature will be reviewed to give an overview of its anti-cataract potential and its possible role in the prevention of the disease.
Topics: Antioxidants; Caffeine; Cataract; Humans; Lens, Crystalline; Oxidative Stress
PubMed: 35690384
DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2022.101664 -
Journal of Binocular Vision and Ocular... Oct 2023Childhood cataract is a complex condition requiring longitudinal care, including early diagnosis, timely referral to a specialist, early surgical intervention, and... (Review)
Review
Childhood cataract is a complex condition requiring longitudinal care, including early diagnosis, timely referral to a specialist, early surgical intervention, and dedicated postoperative care. Adherence to refractive correction and amblyopia therapy are critical for visual rehabilitation, even months to years after the cataract is removed. We review the impact of the social determinants of health on each step in the visual rehabilitation pathway for children with congenital and infantile cataracts. Children from socioeconomically marginalized backgrounds are more likely to experience delays in access to care and utilization of surgical services. They are also less likely to adhere to amblyopia therapy, with corresponding decrements in visual outcomes. Additional sociocultural factors, including parental stress, self-efficacy, and health literacy, pose barriers for these children. Standardizing clinical roles, improving health communication, managing parental stress, and implementing systemic policy changes may alleviate socioeconomic disparities in outcomes for children with cataracts.
Topics: Child; Humans; United States; Cataract Extraction; Amblyopia; Lens Implantation, Intraocular; Cataract; Visual Acuity
PubMed: 37931121
DOI: No ID Found -
JAMA Ophthalmology Sep 2023
Topics: Child; Humans; Cataract Extraction; Lens, Crystalline; Glaucoma; Ophthalmology; Cataract
PubMed: 37590009
DOI: 10.1001/jamaophthalmol.2023.3804 -
International Journal of Molecular... Aug 2022Cataract is the leading cause of blindness worldwide. A diverse range of medication has been invented to prevent or treat cataract. Pirenoxine (PRX), a drug with strong... (Review)
Review
Cataract is the leading cause of blindness worldwide. A diverse range of medication has been invented to prevent or treat cataract. Pirenoxine (PRX), a drug with strong antioxidant properties, has been used topically to treat cataract, and there is much evidence to demonstrate the beneficial effects of PRX on lens opacity from in vitro and in vivo models. In clinical use, PRX has been prescribed worldwide by ophthalmologists for over six decades; however, there is still controversy with regard to its efficacy, and thus PRX remains an off-label use for cataract treatment. This comprehensive review summarizes and discusses evidence pertinent to the mechanisms of PRX and its efficacy mainly on cataract models. The issues that have been deemed uncertain over the six-decade use of PRX are examined. The information summarized in this review should provide insights into contriving novel approaches for the treatment of cataract.
Topics: Antioxidants; Cataract; Humans; Lens, Crystalline; Oxazines
PubMed: 36012695
DOI: 10.3390/ijms23169431 -
Indian Journal of Ophthalmology Jul 2020
Topics: Cataract; Humans; Lens, Crystalline
PubMed: 32587192
DOI: 10.4103/ijo.IJO_2264_19 -
International Journal of Radiation... 2023Cataract (opacification of the ocular lens) is a typical tissue reaction (deterministic effect) following ionizing radiation exposure, for which prevention dose limits... (Review)
Review
PURPOSE
Cataract (opacification of the ocular lens) is a typical tissue reaction (deterministic effect) following ionizing radiation exposure, for which prevention dose limits have been recommended in the radiation protection system. Manifestations of radiation cataracts can vary among individuals, but such potential individual responses remain uncharacterized. Here we review relevant literature and discuss implications for radiation protection. This review assesses evidence for significant modification of radiation-induced cataractogenesis by age at exposure, sex and genetic factors based on current scientific literature.
CONCLUSIONS
In addition to obvious physical factors (e.g. dose, dose rate, radiation quality, irradiation volume), potential factors modifying individual responses for radiation cataracts include sex, age and genetics, with comorbidity and coexposures also having important roles. There are indications and preliminary data identifying such potential modifiers of radiation cataract incidence or risk, although no firm conclusions can yet be drawn. Further studies and a consensus on the evidence are needed to gain deeper insights into factors determining individual responses regarding radiation cataracts and the implications for radiation protection.
Topics: Humans; Lens, Crystalline; Cataract; Radiation, Ionizing; Radiation Injuries; Radiation Protection
PubMed: 35536112
DOI: 10.1080/09553002.2022.2074166 -
The Pan African Medical Journal 2022
Topics: Cataract; Humans
PubMed: 35685383
DOI: 10.11604/pamj.2022.42.3.33130