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[Zhonghua Yan Ke Za Zhi] Chinese... May 2022Cataract is the leading cause of visual impairment and blindness on a global scale. The pathogenesis of cataract is not completely understood. Circular RNAs (circRNAs)... (Review)
Review
Cataract is the leading cause of visual impairment and blindness on a global scale. The pathogenesis of cataract is not completely understood. Circular RNAs (circRNAs) are a special kind of non-coding RNAs with high stability and conservation. They are widely involved in a variety of biological processes and diseases. Abnormal expression of circRNAs can participate in the development of cataract, affecting the function of lens epithelial cells through interacting with proteins and sponging microRNAs. They are possible targets for cataract prevention and treatment. This article reviews the research progress on the role of circRNAs in the occurrence and development of cataract.
Topics: Cataract; Epithelial Cells; Humans; MicroRNAs; RNA, Circular
PubMed: 35511667
DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.cn112142-20210928-00457 -
Indian Journal of Ophthalmology Jun 2023Lifebuoy cataract is a rare form of congenital cataract with anatomical characteristics. Herein, we present a case of an otherwise healthy 42-year-old female with a...
Lifebuoy cataract is a rare form of congenital cataract with anatomical characteristics. Herein, we present a case of an otherwise healthy 42-year-old female with a long-standing history of blurred vision. Examination showed the presence of esotropia and bilateral horizontal nystagmus. Visual acuity was limited to light perception in both eyes. Slit-lamp examination showed a calcified lens capsule with the absence of lens material in the right eye and the presence of an annular cataract in the left eye, corresponding to a unilateral lifebuoy cataract. She underwent cataract surgery with intraocular lens implantation. We report the clinical findings, anterior segment optical coherence tomography (AS-OCT), and surgical management tips. We noticed that during surgery, both anterior capsulorhexis and central membrane removal were the most challenging steps due to the absence of central nucleus and the strong adherence of central membrane to the anterior hyaloid.
Topics: Female; Humans; Adult; Lens Implantation, Intraocular; Cataract Extraction; Cataract; Capsulorhexis; Lens Capsule, Crystalline
PubMed: 37322682
DOI: 10.4103/IJO.IJO_284_23 -
The British Journal of Ophthalmology Oct 2020Cataract is the most common cause of blindness in the world; during infancy and early childhood, it frequently results in visual impairment. Congenital cataracts are... (Review)
Review
Cataract is the most common cause of blindness in the world; during infancy and early childhood, it frequently results in visual impairment. Congenital cataracts are phenotypically and genotypically heterogeneous and can occur in isolation or in association with other systemic disorders. Significant progress has been made in identifying the molecular genetic basis of cataract; 115 genes to date have been found to be associated with syndromic and non-syndromic cataract and 38 disease-causing genes have been identified to date to be associated with isolated cataract. In this review, we briefly discuss lens development and cataractogenesis, detail the variable cataract phenotypes and molecular mechanisms, including genotype-phenotype correlations, and explore future novel therapeutic avenues including cellular therapies and pharmacological treatments.
Topics: Aquaporins; Cataract; Connexins; Crystallins; Cytoskeletal Proteins; Genetic Association Studies; Humans; Molecular Biology
PubMed: 32217542
DOI: 10.1136/bjophthalmol-2019-315282 -
American Journal of Ophthalmology Sep 2021
Topics: Cataract; Cataract Extraction; Humans; Iris Diseases
PubMed: 34175306
DOI: 10.1016/j.ajo.2021.05.030 -
Open Veterinary Journal Aug 2023A cataract is one of the underlying causes of blindness in animals. Phacoemulsification is the standard procedure in cataract surgery for humans and animals. This...
BACKGROUND
A cataract is one of the underlying causes of blindness in animals. Phacoemulsification is the standard procedure in cataract surgery for humans and animals. This procedure has been used to restore vision in cataracts in a variety of animals. However, this technique is difficult in very small animals, such as rodents, due to their small eyes.
CASE DESCRIPTION
A 4-year-old male domestic chinchilla was presented with cloudiness in the lenses for 1 month. The ophthalmic examination revealed cataracts (oculus uterque: both eyes). Positive dazzle reflex oculus sinister; left eye (OS) and negative reflex oculus dexter; right eye (OD) were noted. The electroretinography was low amplitude OS whereas a flat waveform presented OD. In this case, cataract surgery was performed using phacoemulsification without intraocular lens implantation OS. Postoperative, the chinchilla was alert and could jump on and jump off the ledge in a house. When the veterinarian approached closely to OS, the chinchilla displayed an erect body posture and open eyes, whereas the chinchilla was ignored when the veterinarian doing the same OD. The chinchilla was alert and had improved vision observe by this chinchilla can jump on and jump off the ledge in his house throughout the follow-up period 18 months later.
CONCLUSION
In this chinchilla, phacoemulsification was successfully performed and resulted in better overall vision. The chinchilla was alert and could jump on and jump off the ledge in a house after cataract surgery throughout the follow-up period of 18 months.
Topics: Animals; Humans; Male; Phacoemulsification; Chinchilla; Cataract; Postoperative Period
PubMed: 37701661
DOI: 10.5455/OVJ.2023.v13.i8.10 -
Chemico-biological Interactions Sep 2023Ferroptosis is a form of regulated cell death closely associated with oxidative stress and mitochondrial dysfunction and is characterised by the accumulation of reactive...
Ferroptosis is a form of regulated cell death closely associated with oxidative stress and mitochondrial dysfunction and is characterised by the accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and lipid species and iron overload. Damage to human lens epithelial cells (LECs) is associated with age-related cataract progression. Astaxanthin (ATX), a carotenoid with natural antioxidant properties, counteracts ferroptosis in the treatment of various degenerative diseases. However, this mechanism has not been reported with respect to cataract treatment. In this study, the differential expression levels of glutathione peroxidase 4 (GPX4) in the lens of young and aged mice were analysed. Continuous ATX supplementation for 8 months upregulated GPX4 expression in the mouse LECs and delayed the progression of ferroptosis. Upon treatment with erastin, ROS and malondialdehyde accumulated and the mitochondrial membrane potential decreased. At the same time, the expressions of GPX4, SLC7A11, and ferritin were suppressed in human LECs. All of these phenomena were partially reversed by ATX and Fer-1, a ferroptosis inhibitor. This study confirmed that the ATX-mediated targeting of GPX4 might alleviate human LECs damage by inhibiting ferroptosis and ameliorating oxidative stress and that this could represent a promising therapeutic approach for age-related cataract.
Topics: Humans; Animals; Mice; Ferroptosis; Reactive Oxygen Species; Oxidative Stress; Cataract; Epithelial Cells
PubMed: 37648051
DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2023.110684 -
The Journal of Pediatrics Nov 2020
Topics: Adolescent; Cataract; Humans; Male
PubMed: 32615193
DOI: 10.1016/j.jpeds.2020.06.064 -
Advances in ophthalmic drug delivery technology for postoperative management after cataract surgery.Expert Opinion on Drug Delivery Aug 2022Cataract surgery is becoming more common due to an aging world population. Intraocular lenses and surgical technique have developed remarkably recently, but the... (Review)
Review
INTRODUCTION
Cataract surgery is becoming more common due to an aging world population. Intraocular lenses and surgical technique have developed remarkably recently, but the development of postoperative medication to prevent postsurgery complications has been relatively delayed. We still largely depend on eye drops for the management of post-cataract-surgery patients. Mental and physical problems that often occur in elderly cataract patients make it difficult for patients to apply eye drops by themselves. It is necessary to develop new effective drug delivery methods.
AREAS COVERED
This updated review article provides a brief review of why drug management is needed following cataract surgery and an overview of current developments in new drug delivery methods for ophthalmic treatment. In particular, various novel drug delivery methods that can be used for post-cataract-surgery management and their current development stages are extensively reviewed.
EXPERT OPINION
Rapidly developing technologies, such as intraocular and external ophthalmic implants, polymers, and nanotechnology, are being actively applied to develop novel drug delivery systems for safe and effective management after cataract surgery. Their goal is to achieve sufficient drug release for the desired duration with a single application. These will largely replace the inconvenience of eye drops for elderly patients in the future.
Topics: Aged; Cataract; Cataract Extraction; Drug Delivery Systems; Humans; Ophthalmic Solutions; Postoperative Complications; Technology
PubMed: 35917497
DOI: 10.1080/17425247.2022.2109624 -
Turkish Journal of Ophthalmology Apr 2021Congenital cataract is a challenging ophthalmological disorder which can cause severe visual loss. It can be diagnosed at birth or during the first year of life. Early... (Review)
Review
Congenital cataract is a challenging ophthalmological disorder which can cause severe visual loss. It can be diagnosed at birth or during the first year of life. Early diagnosis and treatment are crucial for the visual prognosis. It can be associated with various ocular and systemic abnormalities. Determining whether congenital cataract is isolated or associated with other pathology is an indispensable step for the prediction of potential vision as well as early diagnosis and treatment of conditions that can cause morbidity or mortality. Many genes have been identified in the molecular etiology of congenital cataract. Most mutations have been reported in the crystallin genes. Determination of the genetic cause may not only enable individualized genetic counseling but also help to identify concomitant ocular and/or systemic disorders depending on the characteristics of the genetic test used. Recently, next-generation sequencing in particular has become an evolving technology for determining the molecular etiology of congenital cataract and furthering our knowledge of the disease.
Topics: Cataract; Crystallins; Genetic Testing; High-Throughput Nucleotide Sequencing; Humans; Mutation; Pedigree
PubMed: 33951899
DOI: 10.4274/tjo.galenos.2020.08377 -
Die Ophthalmologie Jul 2022
Topics: Cataract; Cataract Extraction; Humans; Lens Implantation, Intraocular
PubMed: 35394196
DOI: 10.1007/s00347-022-01619-1