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World Journal of Microbiology &... Nov 2019Pseudomonas aeruginosa is a common, Gram-negative environmental organism. It can be a significant pathogenic factor of severe infections in humans, especially... (Review)
Review
Pseudomonas aeruginosa is a common, Gram-negative environmental organism. It can be a significant pathogenic factor of severe infections in humans, especially in cystic fibrosis patients. Due to its natural resistance to antibiotics and the ability to form biofilms, infection with this pathogen can cause severe therapeutic problems. In recent years, metabolomic studies of P. aeruginosa have been performed. Therefore, in this review, we discussed recent achievements in the use of metabolomics methods in bacterial identification, differentiation, the interconnection between genome and metabolome, the influence of external factors on the bacterial metabolome and identification of new metabolites produced by P. aeruginosa. All of these studies may provide valuable information about metabolic pathways leading to an understanding of the adaptations of bacterial strains to a host environment, which can lead to new drug development and/or elaboration of new treatment and diagnostics strategies for Pseudomonas.
Topics: Adaptation, Physiological; Genome, Bacterial; Host Microbial Interactions; Metabolic Networks and Pathways; Metabolome; Metabolomics; Pseudomonas aeruginosa
PubMed: 31701321
DOI: 10.1007/s11274-019-2739-1 -
International Journal of Molecular... Mar 2021is a dominant pathogen in people with cystic fibrosis (CF) contributing to morbidity and mortality. Its tremendous ability to adapt greatly facilitates its capacity to... (Review)
Review
is a dominant pathogen in people with cystic fibrosis (CF) contributing to morbidity and mortality. Its tremendous ability to adapt greatly facilitates its capacity to cause chronic infections. The adaptability and flexibility of the pathogen are afforded by the extensive number of virulence factors it has at its disposal, providing with the facility to tailor its response against the different stressors in the environment. A deep understanding of these virulence mechanisms is crucial for the design of therapeutic strategies and vaccines against this multi-resistant pathogen. Therefore, this review describes the main virulence factors of and the adaptations it undergoes to persist in hostile environments such as the CF respiratory tract. The very large genome (5 to 7 MB) contributes considerably to its adaptive capacity; consequently, genomic studies have provided significant insights into elucidating evolution and its interactions with the host throughout the course of infection.
Topics: Adaptation, Physiological; Animals; Biofilms; Humans; Lung; Pseudomonas aeruginosa; Quorum Sensing; Virulence Factors
PubMed: 33803907
DOI: 10.3390/ijms22063128 -
Annals of Clinical Microbiology and... Sep 2020Multi-Drug Resistant (MDR) Pseudomonas aeruginosa is one of the most important bacterial pathogens that causes infection with a high mortality rate due to resistance to... (Review)
Review
Multi-Drug Resistant (MDR) Pseudomonas aeruginosa is one of the most important bacterial pathogens that causes infection with a high mortality rate due to resistance to different antibiotics. This bacterium prompts extensive tissue damage with varying factors of virulence, and its biofilm production causes chronic and antibiotic-resistant infections. Therefore, due to the non-applicability of antibiotics for the destruction of P. aeruginosa biofilm, alternative approaches have been considered by researchers, and phage therapy is one of these new therapeutic solutions. Bacteriophages can be used to eradicate P. aeruginosa biofilm by destroying the extracellular matrix, increasing the permeability of antibiotics into the inner layer of biofilm, and inhibiting its formation by stopping the quorum-sensing activity. Furthermore, the combined use of bacteriophages and other compounds with anti-biofilm properties such as nanoparticles, enzymes, and natural products can be of more interest because they invade the biofilm by various mechanisms and can be more effective than the one used alone. On the other hand, the use of bacteriophages for biofilm destruction has some limitations such as limited host range, high-density biofilm, sub-populate phage resistance in biofilm, and inhibition of phage infection via quorum sensing in biofilm. Therefore, in this review, we specifically discuss the use of phage therapy for inhibition of P. aeruginosa biofilm in clinical and in vitro studies to identify different aspects of this treatment for broader use.
Topics: Anti-Bacterial Agents; Bacteriophages; Biofilms; Combined Modality Therapy; Drug Resistance, Multiple, Bacterial; Humans; Phage Therapy; Pseudomonas aeruginosa
PubMed: 32998720
DOI: 10.1186/s12941-020-00389-5 -
Microbiology (Reading, England) Jan 2020is a Gram-negative opportunistic pathogen and a model bacterium for studying virulence and bacterial social traits. While it can be isolated in low numbers from a wide...
is a Gram-negative opportunistic pathogen and a model bacterium for studying virulence and bacterial social traits. While it can be isolated in low numbers from a wide variety of environments including soil and water, it can readily be found in almost any human/animal-impacted environment. It is a major cause of illness and death in humans with immunosuppressive and chronic conditions, and infections in these patients are difficult to treat due to a number of antibiotic resistance mechanisms and the organism's propensity to form multicellular biofilms.
Topics: Animals; Biofilms; Biological Evolution; Drug Resistance, Bacterial; Genome, Bacterial; Humans; Phylogeny; Pseudomonas Infections; Pseudomonas aeruginosa; Virulence
PubMed: 31597590
DOI: 10.1099/mic.0.000860 -
International Journal of Molecular... Nov 2021In recent years, the effectiveness of antimicrobials in the treatment of infections has gradually decreased. This pathogen can be observed in several clinical cases,... (Review)
Review
In recent years, the effectiveness of antimicrobials in the treatment of infections has gradually decreased. This pathogen can be observed in several clinical cases, such as pneumonia, urinary tract infections, sepsis, in immunocompromised hosts, such as neutropenic cancer, burns, and AIDS patients. Furthermore, causes diseases in both livestock and pets. The highly flexible and versatile genome of allows it to have a high rate of pathogenicity. The numerous secreted virulence factors, resulting from its numerous secretion systems, the multi-resistance to different classes of antibiotics, and the ability to produce biofilms are pathogenicity factors that cause numerous problems in the fight against infections and that must be better understood for an effective treatment. Infections by represent, therefore, a major health problem and, as resistance genes can be disseminated between the microbiotas associated with humans, animals, and the environment, this issue needs be addressed on the basis of an One Health approach. This review intends to bring together and describe in detail the molecular and metabolic pathways in 's pathogenesis, to contribute for the development of a more targeted therapy against this pathogen.
Topics: Animals; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Genomics; Humans; Metabolic Networks and Pathways; Pseudomonas Infections; Pseudomonas aeruginosa; Virulence Factors
PubMed: 34884697
DOI: 10.3390/ijms222312892 -
Nature Microbiology Aug 2023Efficient colonization of mucosal surfaces is essential for opportunistic pathogens like Pseudomonas aeruginosa, but how bacteria collectively and individually adapt to...
Efficient colonization of mucosal surfaces is essential for opportunistic pathogens like Pseudomonas aeruginosa, but how bacteria collectively and individually adapt to optimize adherence, virulence and dispersal is largely unclear. Here we identified a stochastic genetic switch, hecR-hecE, which is expressed bimodally and generates functionally distinct bacterial subpopulations to balance P. aeruginosa growth and dispersal on surfaces. HecE inhibits the phosphodiesterase BifA and stimulates the diguanylate cyclase WspR to increase c-di-GMP second messenger levels and promote surface colonization in a subpopulation of cells; low-level HecE-expressing cells disperse. The fraction of HecE cells is tuned by different stress factors and determines the balance between biofilm formation and long-range cell dispersal of surface-grown communities. We also demonstrate that the HecE pathway represents a druggable target to effectively counter P. aeruginosa surface colonization. Exposing such binary states opens up new ways to control mucosal infections by a major human pathogen.
Topics: Pseudomonas aeruginosa; Bacterial Adhesion; Biofilms
PubMed: 37291227
DOI: 10.1038/s41564-023-01403-0 -
Biometals : An International Journal on... Aug 2023In the genus Pseudomonas, zinc homeostasis is mediated by a complete set of import and export systems, whose expression is precisely controlled by three transcriptional... (Review)
Review
In the genus Pseudomonas, zinc homeostasis is mediated by a complete set of import and export systems, whose expression is precisely controlled by three transcriptional regulators: Zur, CzcR and CadR. In this review, we describe in detail our current knowledge of these systems, their regulation, and the biological significance of zinc homeostasis, taking Pseudomonas aeruginosa as our paradigm. Moreover, significant parts of this overview are dedicated to highlight interactions and cross-regulations between zinc and copper import/export systems, and to shed light, through a review of the literature and comparative genomics, on differences in gene complement and function across the whole Pseudomonas genus. The impact and importance of zinc homeostasis in Pseudomonas and beyond will be discussed throughout this review.
Topics: Pseudomonas; Zinc; Homeostasis; Pseudomonas aeruginosa; Copper; Bacterial Proteins; Gene Expression Regulation, Bacterial
PubMed: 36472780
DOI: 10.1007/s10534-022-00475-5 -
Trends in Microbiology Jun 2020
Topics: Metabolic Engineering; Pseudomonas putida; Synthetic Biology
PubMed: 32396829
DOI: 10.1016/j.tim.2020.02.015 -
Journal of Microbiology (Seoul, Korea) Nov 2022Pseudomonas is widespread in various environmental and host niches. To promote rejuvenation, cellular protein homeostasis must be finely tuned in response to diverse... (Review)
Review
Pseudomonas is widespread in various environmental and host niches. To promote rejuvenation, cellular protein homeostasis must be finely tuned in response to diverse stresses, such as extremely high and low temperatures, oxidative stress, and desiccation, which can result in protein homeostasis imbalance. Molecular chaperones function as key components that aid protein folding and prevent protein denaturation. Pseudomonas, an ecologically important bacterial genus, includes human and plant pathogens as well as growth-promoting symbionts and species useful for bioremediation. In this review, we focus on protein quality control systems, particularly molecular chaperones, in ecologically diverse species of Pseudomonas, including the opportunistic human pathogen Pseudomonas aeruginosa, the plant pathogen Pseudomonas syringae, the soil species Pseudomonas putida, and the psychrophilic Pseudomonas antarctica.
Topics: Humans; Pseudomonas syringae; Molecular Chaperones; Pseudomonas aeruginosa; Plants; Biodegradation, Environmental
PubMed: 36318358
DOI: 10.1007/s12275-022-2425-0 -
Revista Chilena de Infectologia :... Aug 2020
Topics: Pseudomonas stutzeri
PubMed: 33399664
DOI: 10.4067/S0716-10182020000400443