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Microorganisms Sep 2021Aspens ( and its hybrids), economically and ecologically important fast-growing trees, are often damaged by , a rot-causing fungus. Plant-associated bacteria can be used...
Aspens ( and its hybrids), economically and ecologically important fast-growing trees, are often damaged by , a rot-causing fungus. Plant-associated bacteria can be used to increase plant growth and resistance; however, no systematic studies relating the activity of symbiotic bacteria to aspen resistance against have been conducted so far. The present pioneer study investigated the responses of two and two × genotypes to in vitro inoculations with, first, either sp. or sp. bacteria (isolated originally from hybrid aspen tissue cultures and being most closely related to and , respectively) and, in the subsequent stage, with . Both morphological parameters of in vitro-grown plants and biochemical content of their leaves, including photosynthesis pigments and secondary metabolites, were analyzed. It was found that both × genotypes, whose development in vitro was significantly damaged by , were characterized by certain responses to the studied bacteria: decreased shoot development by both sp. and sp. and increased phenol content by sp. In turn, these responses were lacking in both genotypes that showed in vitro resistance to the fungus. Moreover, these genotypes showed positive long-term growth responses to bacterial inoculation, even synergistic with the subsequent fungal inoculation. Hence, the studied bacteria were demonstrated as a potential tool for the improved in vitro propagation of fungus-resistant aspen genotypes.
PubMed: 34576797
DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms9091901 -
Frontiers in Public Health 2023Cutaneous tuberculosis (CTB) and its paucibacillary forms are rare and difficult to diagnose, especially in immunocompromised patients with significant comorbidity. The...
BACKGROUND
Cutaneous tuberculosis (CTB) and its paucibacillary forms are rare and difficult to diagnose, especially in immunocompromised patients with significant comorbidity. The aim of the study was to introduce the modern concept of the microbiome and diagnostic chain into clinical practice (patient-centered care) with the presentation of an atypical form of cutaneous tuberculosis with necrotizing non-healing ulcers leading to polymicrobial infection.
METHODS
The study material included samples from sputum, broncho-alveolar lavage and skin ulcer, taken from a patient developing cutaneous tuberculosis. The microbiological investigation was performed, and identification of the isolates was carried out using genotyping and the matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization-time of flight mass spectrometry.
RESULTS
The immunocompromised patient with humoral abnormality (plasma cell dyscrasia) and severe paraproteinemia developed multiorgan tuberculosis. Although cutaneous manifestation preceded systemic and pulmonary symptoms (approximately half a year), the mycobacterial genotyping confirmed the same MTB strain existence in skin ulcers and the respiratory system. Therefore, the infectious chain: transmission, the portal of entry, and bacterial spreading , were unclear. Microbial diversity found in wound microbiota (among others , and ) was associated with the spread of a skin lesion. The biofilm-forming capacity of strains isolated from the wound may represent the potential virulence of these strains. Thus, the role of polymicrobial biofilm may be crucial in ulcer formation and CTB manifestation.
CONCLUSIONS
Severe wound healing as a unique biofilm-forming niche should be tested for Mycobacterium (on species and strain levels) and coexisting microorganisms using a wide range of microbiological techniques. In immunodeficient patients with non-typical CTB presentation, the chain of transmission and MTB spread is still an open issue for further research.
Topics: Humans; Tuberculosis; Biofilms
PubMed: 37213612
DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2023.1091373 -
Microbiological Research Jun 2024The rich diversity of microbial endophytic communities associated with plants, often referred to as the second genome, serves as a compelling illustration of efficient...
Unraveling the functional characteristics of endophytic bacterial diversity for plant growth promotion and enhanced secondary metabolite production in Pelargonium graveolens.
The rich diversity of microbial endophytic communities associated with plants, often referred to as the second genome, serves as a compelling illustration of efficient co-evolution. This noteworthy partnership plays a pivotal role in sustaining plant well-being and enhancing plant adaptability across diverse habitats. Therefore, examining the diversity of endophytic microbes associated with their particular host plant is valuable for gaining insights into the vast spectrum of plant-microbe interactions. The present experiments aimed at investigating the bacterial endophytic diversity in both root and shoot tissues of Pelargonium graveolens, employing culture dependent and culture independent high-throughput metagenomics approach. A total of 614 and 620 operational taxonomic units (OTUs), encompassing 291 and 229 genera, were identified in the shoot and root tissues of P. graveolens, respectively. Furthermore, the subsequent classification of OTUs revealed 15 highly abundant phyla, with Proteobacteria dominating both root and shoot tissues. Notably, an exceptionally high abundance of Firmicutes phyla was observed in the shoot compared to the root. Additionally, 30 bacterial endophytes from the root, stem, petiole, and leaves were isolated and molecularly characterized, unveiling a consistent pattern of diversity distribution between the root and shoot of P. graveolens. Upon screening all isolates for plant growth promoting traits, Pseudomonas oryzihabitans was found to be positive for major biochemical test like nitrogen fixation, phosphate solubilization etc. and on inoculation resulted in about two-fold increase in content of essential oil accompanied by a significant rise in the geraniol and citronellol content. Diving deep into the genetic constitution of P. oryzihabitans unveiled a substantial number of genes directly and indirectly contributing to the endophyte's capability in colonizing host plants effectively. In summary, data obtained from metagenomics and culture dependent approaches including glass house trials suggest potential bacterial endophytes suitable for field applications for yield enhancement and in planta secondary metabolite enhancement investigations.
Topics: Pelargonium; Bacteria; Endophytes; Firmicutes; Plants; Microbiota; Plant Roots
PubMed: 38484575
DOI: 10.1016/j.micres.2024.127673 -
Environmental Health Insights 2020The 21st century has seen a wide range of diseases resulting from zoonotic infections, of which bacterial infections have led to outbreaks of food-borne diseases.
BACKGROUND
The 21st century has seen a wide range of diseases resulting from zoonotic infections, of which bacterial infections have led to outbreaks of food-borne diseases.
AIM
The study looks at bacterial pathogen carriage by farm rats and their antimicrobial susceptibility, with the view of providing insights for antimicrobial surveillance.
METHOD
Farm rats of species where randomly collected alive from farms in Al-Ahsa using food baits. They were anaesthetize with urethane within 4 h of collection and were unconscious for the collection of samples. Basic bacteriological culturing methods were used for culturing of bacterial isolates on selective media while the Vitek 2 compact automated system (BioMerieux, Marcy L'Etoile, France) was used for bacteria identification and antimicrobial susceptibility test. Obtained data were analysed using chi-square and paired -test with significant difference between sensitive and resistance to antimicrobial susceptibility taken at < .05.
RESULTS
Isolated Gramme-negative pathogenic bacteria included strains of , strains of , and For the Gramme-positive bacteria, 4 strains of were encountered. Other Gramme-positive bacteria were coagulase-negative species (CoNS) as well as . There was a 100% resistance to the penicillins and a high resistance to imipenem (71%) by the isolates. Resistance was also high against the β-lactams by the Gramme-positive bacteria isolates. For the Gramme-negative bacteria, there was a higher than 50% resistance by the isolates against the following antibiotics: ampicillin (78%), amoxicillin/clavulanic acid (67%), cefotaxime (77%), ceftazidime (67%), cefepime (78%), norfloxacin (67%), nitrofurantoin (67%), and trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole (78%).
CONCLUSION
The results showed high antimicrobial resistance that will need monitoring for control of spread from farm rats to humans.
PubMed: 32874093
DOI: 10.1177/1178630220942240 -
Plant Disease Jul 2022Tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum) is an economically important crop, and its productivity is challenged due to pathogen infection. In 2020 and 2021, a previously...
Tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum) is an economically important crop, and its productivity is challenged due to pathogen infection. In 2020 and 2021, a previously uncharacterized disease was observed on field grown tobacco (Variety NC102) in Zhucheng City, Shandong Province, China (119°7'14" E, 36°0'58" N), where tobacco has been grown for decades. The disease can be found throughout the growth period of tobacco and mainly occurred from fast growing period (about 13-16 leaves) to leaf maturity stage. In severely diseased areas, the incidence rate can reach 100%. The symptoms first began as chlorotic water stain like small spots, then the spots merged into larger irregular necrotic maculae around the chlorotic halos. Small pieces of symptomatic leaves from 10 different infected plants were collected for pathogen isolation. The small pieces of discolored leaves were surface sterilized with 75% ethanol for 40s and washed with sterile water for three times. The sterilized leaves were ground with a glass rod with 1mL sterile water, and 100 μL suspensions were spread on nutrient agar medium then incubated at 28oC for 48 hours. Yellow round colonies with undulating edges were showed up on nutrient agar medium 48 hours later. Three isolates were randomly picked up from each of the 10 plates for subsequent analysis. After purification and culture on nutrient agar plate, the 16S rRNA gene of the 30 isolates were amplified with primers 27F and 1492R and the amplicons were sequenced and analyzed by sequence alignment. The sequence alignment results showed that the 16S rRNA nucleotide identity of the 30 isolates were 100%. One typical isolate named ZC5 was selected for subsequent analysis, and the resulting 16S rRNA sequence was deposited at GenBank, NCBI under accession OK092624. The 16S rRNA sequence identity with those of P. psychrotolerans strain K3-2 (KY882083) and M3-1 (KY882120) were 100%, respectively. The phenotypic analysis by Biolog Gen Ⅲ indicated that the bacterial isolate (ZC5) showed highest similarity (98.3%) with strain Pseudomonas oryzihabitans. P. oryzihabitans and P. psychrotolerans have a high degree of homology in the phylogenetic relationship based on the phylogenetic analysis of three concatenated sequences of gyrB, rpoB and rpoD genes (Mulet et al. 2010). The gyrB (ON462356), rpoB (ON462355), rpoD (ON462357) gene of isolate ZC5were also amplified and sequenced by using primers gyrB-For/gyrB-Rev, rpoB-For/rpoB-Rev and rpoD-For/rpoD-Rev (Hauser et al. 2004), respectively. While P. psychrotolerans and P. oryzihabitans form the same clade in phylogenies, strains of P. psychrotolerans do form a unique sub-clade. Isolate ZC5 clustered more closely with the type strain of P. psychrotolerans LMG 21977 in the phylogenetic tree. Therefore, based on the concatenated sequences of three genes (gyrB, rpoB and rpoD), the isolate ZC5 was confirmed as P. psychrotolerans. Based on morphological, Biolog characteristics and phylogenetic analysis, the isolate was identified as P. psychrotolerans. The tobacco plants at fast growing stage were selected for pathogenicity tests. Pathogenicity tests were conducted by injecting 10 μL bacterial suspension (108cfu/mL) of ZC5 into tobacco leaves with a syringe. Sterile water was inoculated into the tobacco leaves in the same way as the control. Six plants were selected for pathogenicity tests each time and five leaves of each tobacco plant were inoculated, and the tests were repeated three times. To simulate disease conditions in the natural environment, the inoculated plants were moved outdoors. The average temperature was 32°C during the day and 20°C at night. To maintain humidity, the tobacco leaves were sprayed with water every two days. Symptoms appeared on the pathogen inoculated leaves seven days after inoculation, whereas the control treatment remained symptomless. The pathogens were reisolated from diseased leaves and identified as P. psychrotolerans based on morphological, molecular and phylogenetic analysis, which fulfilled Koch's postulates. To our knowledge, this is the first report of tobacco bacterial leaf spot caused by P. psychrotolerans.
PubMed: 35852908
DOI: 10.1094/PDIS-05-22-1069-PDN -
Revista Chilena de Infectologia :... Jun 2021Indoor air quality in health centers is essential to protect the health of people. In Chile, the Community Family Health Centers (CECOSF) are places with large...
BACKGROUND
Indoor air quality in health centers is essential to protect the health of people. In Chile, the Community Family Health Centers (CECOSF) are places with large attendance of people, favoring the dissemination of microorganisms, and there are no reports of the microbial air loading these health centers.
AIM
To evaluate the microbiological indoor air quality in CECOSF-Centinela in Talcahuano, Biobío Region.
METHODS
Air samples were taken in 6 rooms of the CECOSF, every 15 days between July 2018 and June 2019, with the MAS-100 NT equipment using trypticase and Sabouraud agars. Different morphotypes of bacteria and fungi were identified by PCR.
RESULTS
The bacterial and fungal counts varied between 9.1 × 101 - 2.4 × 103 cfu/m3 and 10 - 1.5 × 102 cfu/m3, respectively. The air in the waiting room presented the highest counts, both for bacteria and fungi (P < 0.05). Staphylococcus, Enterococcus, Pseudomonas, Acinetobacter were identified, highlighting the species Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas oryzihabitans, the latter described as a nosocomial pathogen. Among the fungi, Aspergillus, Meyerozyma and Rhodotorula were identified.
CONCLUSION
The indoor air of the CECOSF-Centinela presents microorganisms of importance in human health. Therefore, it is necessary to formulate more regular monitoring programs for the control of air quality inside these health centers.
Topics: Air Microbiology; Air Pollution, Indoor; Chile; Colony Count, Microbial; Environmental Monitoring; Family Health; Fungi; Humans; Pseudomonas
PubMed: 34479287
DOI: 10.4067/S0716-10182021000300324 -
Journal of Fish Diseases Dec 2022In recent years, Egyptian tilapia aquaculture has experienced mortality episodes during the summer months. The causative agents responsible for such mortalities have not...
In recent years, Egyptian tilapia aquaculture has experienced mortality episodes during the summer months. The causative agents responsible for such mortalities have not been clearly identified. A total of 400 fish specimens were collected from affected tilapia farms within five Egyptian governorates. A total of 344 bacterial isolates were identified from the examined fish specimens. Bacterial isolates were grouped into seven genera based on API 20E results. The most prevalent pathogens were Aeromonas spp. (42%), Vibrio spp. (21%), and Streptococcus agalactiae (14.5%). Other emerging infections like, Plesiomonas shigelloides (10%), Staphyloccocus spp. (8%), Pseudomonas oryzihabitans, and Acinetobacter lwoffii (2.3%) were also detected. Sequence analysis of the 16S ribosomal RNA bacterial gene of some isolates, confirmed the phenotypic identification results. The analysis of antibiotic resistance genes revealed the presence of aac(6')-Ib-cr (35.7%), blaCTX gene (23.8%), qnrS (19%), ampC (16.7%), floR (14.3%), sul1, tetA, and van.C1 (2.4%) genes in some isolates. The antimicrobia resistance gene, qac was reported in 46% of screened isolates. Bacterial strains showed variable virulence genes profiles. Aeromonas spp. harboured (act, gcat, aerA, lip, fla, and ser) genes. All Vibrio spp. possessed the hlyA gene, while cylE, hylB, and lmb genes, were detected in S. agalactiae strains. Our findings point to the possible role of the identified bacterial pathogens in tilapia summer mortality syndrome and highlight the risk of the irresponsible use of antibiotics on antimicrobial resistance in aquaculture.
Topics: Animals; Cichlids; Fish Diseases; Streptococcus agalactiae; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Aeromonas; Tilapia
PubMed: 36057979
DOI: 10.1111/jfd.13710 -
Malawi Medical Journal : the Journal of... Dec 2023Various infective complications can be seen after a dental procedure. They are rarely resistant to standard therapy. In the case we present, a case of preseptal...
Various infective complications can be seen after a dental procedure. They are rarely resistant to standard therapy. In the case we present, a case of preseptal cellulitis caused by pseudomonas oryzihabitans after tooth extraction in a male patient who did not have any underlying cause. As in our case, evaluation of the cases resistant to standard treatment in terms of drainage and multidisciplinary management of culture results together with infectious diseases will increase the treatment success rate.
Topics: Humans; Male; Cellulitis; Pseudomonas; Eyelid Diseases; Anti-Bacterial Agents
PubMed: 38362568
DOI: 10.4314/mmj.v35i4.7 -
Molecular Plant-microbe Interactions :... Feb 2020In endophytes, the abundance of genes coding for enzymes processing reactive oxygen species (ROS), including hydrogen peroxide (HO), argues for a crucial role of ROS...
In endophytes, the abundance of genes coding for enzymes processing reactive oxygen species (ROS), including hydrogen peroxide (HO), argues for a crucial role of ROS metabolism in plant-microbe interaction for plant colonization. Here, we studied HO metabolism of bread wheat ( L.) seeds and their microbiota during germination and early seedling growth, the most vulnerable stages in the plant life cycle. Treatment with hot steam diminished the seed microbiota, and these seeds produced less extracellular HO than untreated seeds. Using a culture-dependent approach, and genera were the most abundant epiphytes of dry untreated seeds. Incubating intact seedlings from hot steam-treated seeds with strains triggered HO production, whereas strains dampened HO levels, attributable to higher catalase activities. The genus was much less represented among seedling endophytes than genus , with other endophytic genera, including and , also possessing high catalase activities. Overall, our results show that certain bacteria of the seed microbiota are able to modulate the extracellular redox environment during germination and early seedling growth, and high catalase activity is proposed as a key trait of seed endophytes.
Topics: Germination; Hydrogen Peroxide; Oxidation-Reduction; Seedlings; Seeds; Triticum
PubMed: 31631769
DOI: 10.1094/MPMI-09-19-0248-R -
Journal of Applied Microbiology Mar 2023The objective of the work was to assess the effect of biostimulation with selected plant growth-promoting bacteria on growth and metabolite profile of Salicornia...
AIM
The objective of the work was to assess the effect of biostimulation with selected plant growth-promoting bacteria on growth and metabolite profile of Salicornia europaea.
METHODS AND RESULTS
Salicornia europaea seeds were inoculated with different combinations of plant growth-promoting bacteria Brevibacterium casei EB3, Pseudomonas oryzihabitans RL18, and Bacillus aryabhattai SP20. Plants germinated from inoculated seeds were grown either in laboratory conditions or in a saline crop field. Fresh and dry weight were determined at the end of the experiment, for biomass quantification. The microbiological quality of fresh shoots for human consumption as salad greens was assessed, and the persistence of the inoculated strains in the plant rhizosphere was confirmed by next-generation sequencing (Illumina) of the 16S rDNA gene. The primary metabolite profile of biostimulated plants was characterized by GC-TOF-MS.In laboratory conditions, inoculation with the two strains Br. casei EB3 and Ps. oryzihabitans RL18 caused the most significant increase in biomass production (fresh and dry weight), and caused a shift in the central metabolic pathways of inoculated plants toward amino acid biosynthesis. In the field experiment, no significant biostimulation effect was detected with any of the tested inoculants. Seed inoculation had no significant effect on the microbiological quality of the edible parts. The persistence of inoculants was confirmed in both experiments.
CONCLUSIONS
Manipulation of the plant microbiome can trigger primary metabolic reconfiguration and modulate the plant metabolism while promoting plant growth.
Topics: Humans; Bacteria; Plant Development; Seeds; Crops, Agricultural; Chenopodiaceae; Plant Roots; Rhizosphere; Soil Microbiology
PubMed: 36841232
DOI: 10.1093/jambio/lxad036