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Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety Jan 2023Nafion by-product 2 (Nafion BP2), an emerging fluorinated sulfonic acid commonly used in polymer electrolyte membrane technologies, has been detected in various...
Nafion by-product 2 (Nafion BP2), an emerging fluorinated sulfonic acid commonly used in polymer electrolyte membrane technologies, has been detected in various environmental and human matrices. To date, however, few studies have explored its toxicity. In this study, zebrafish embryos were exposed to Nafion BP2 at concentrations of 20, 40, 60, 80, 100, 120, 140, and 160 mg/L from fertilization to 120 post-fertilization (hpf), and multiple developmental parameters (survival rate, hatching rate, and malformation rate) were then determined. Results showed that Nafion BP2 exposure led to a significant decrease in survival and hatching rates and an increase in malformations. The half maximal effective concentration (EC) of Nafion BP2 for malformation at 120 hpf was 55 mg/L, which is higher than the globally important contaminant perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS, 6 mg/L). Furthermore, exposure to Nafion BP2 resulted in additional types of malformations compared to PFOS exposure. Pathologically, Nafion BP2 caused abnormal early foregut development, with exfoliation of intestinal mucosa, damage to lamina propria, and aberrant proliferation of lamina propria cells. Nitric oxide content also decreased markedly. In addition, embryos showed an inflammatory response following Nafion BP2 exposure, with significantly increased levels of pro-inflammatory factors C4 and IL-6. Acidic mucin in the hindgut increased more than two-fold. 16 S rRNA sequencing revealed a marked increase in the pathogen Pseudomonas otitidis. Furthermore, pathways involved in intestinal protein digestion and absorption, inflammatory response, and immune response were significantly altered. Our findings suggest that the intestine is a crucial toxicity target of Nafion BP2 in zebrafish, thus highlighting the need to evaluate its health risks.
Topics: Animals; Humans; Embryo, Nonmammalian; Fluorocarbon Polymers; Homeostasis; Intestines; Water Pollutants, Chemical; Zebrafish
PubMed: 36508837
DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2022.114368 -
Biologia 2022Aquaculture is a highly productive and fast-growing agricultural sector. The occurrence of epidemic or sporadic disease outbreak is a major limiting factor in this...
Aquaculture is a highly productive and fast-growing agricultural sector. The occurrence of epidemic or sporadic disease outbreak is a major limiting factor in this sector, thus better alternatives are the need of the hour. Use of indigenous probiotics is a promising strategy to control infectious diseases. Thus, the present study was aimed to screen and characterize potent indigenous probiotics from marine fish, towards enhancing sustainable aquaculture production. Totally 347 bacterial isolates were obtained from gastrointestinal tract, out of these, four isolates (KAF121, 124, 135, 136) were confirmed as potent probiotics in terms of biosafety, highly resistant to acidic pH, gastric juice, bile salt, high hydrophobicity to solvents, auto and co-aggregation potential. These four isolates also exhibited virtuous antioxidant activity. Further the isolates, KAF124 and 135 proved their efficiency in growth and survival of fish after challenged againt . The isolates were identified based on their 16S rRNA gene sequence and the data were submitted to Genbank as KAF121 (MH393516) KAF124 (MH393226) KAF135 (MH393230) and KAF136 (MH393230). The results conclude that two isolates, KAF124 and KAF135 are highly safe and potent probiotics which are first time isolated from the marine fish The two strains could be used as better alternatives to antibiotics and other chemical-based drugs to prevent/control infectious diseases in aquaculture.
PubMed: 35034969
DOI: 10.1007/s11756-021-00957-w -
Water Environment Research : a Research... Dec 2019More than 2.1 billion people worldwide are deprived of safe drinking water at homes. The situation is strikingly worse in a developing country like Pakistan where over...
More than 2.1 billion people worldwide are deprived of safe drinking water at homes. The situation is strikingly worse in a developing country like Pakistan where over 69% of the population does not have access to safe drinking water. The present study evaluated a perenial herb, Typha angustata (TA), to purify the spring water. For this purpose, 25 water samples were collected. Majority of samples (20/25) were highly contaminated with microbes ranging colony forming units (CFU) per millileter per Petri dish ranged from 85 to 279 with an average of 136.4. Microbial inhibition of water samples treated with the nonmodified plant extract was observed to be better with the average of 55.5% compared to the treatment with NaOH chemically modified plant where average 46.4% inhibition of microbial load was observed. Four species of microbes such as Bacillus cereus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Pseudomonas otitidis, and Streptococcus agalactiae were identified after sequencing. We concluded that T. angustata extract may be used as an antibacterial agent/biosorbent for the purification of drinking water to provide safe drinking water to billions of humans. PRACTITIONER POINTS: Spring water samples were collected from 25 different springs. Spring water samples were analyzed for physiochemical parameters. Spring water samples were found to be contaminated with pathogenic bacteria, that is, Bacillus cereus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Pseudomonas otitidis, and Streptococcus agalactiae. Pathogenic bacteria in spring water samples were treated with extract of Typha angustata. Extract of Typha angustata was found as a potential antibacterial agent against pathogenic bacteria.
Topics: Bacteria; Humans; Pakistan; Typhaceae; Water Microbiology; Water Supply
PubMed: 31306534
DOI: 10.1002/wer.1182 -
Microorganisms Jun 2021The rhizobacterium AVO110 exhibits antagonism toward the phytopathogenic fungus . This strain efficiently colonizes hyphae and is able to feed on their exudates. Here,...
The rhizobacterium AVO110 exhibits antagonism toward the phytopathogenic fungus . This strain efficiently colonizes hyphae and is able to feed on their exudates. Here, we report the complete genome sequence of AVO110. The phylogeny of all available genomes separates environmental isolates, including AVO110, from those obtained from infected human blood and oyster tissues, which cluster together with . Core and pan-genome analyses showed that strains encode highly heterogenic gene pools, with the AVO110 genome encoding the largest and most exclusive variable region (~1.6 Mb, 1795 genes). The AVO110 singletons include a wide repertoire of genes related to biofilm formation, several of which are transcriptionally modulated by exudates. One of these genes () encodes a GGDEF/EAL domain protein specific to spp. strains isolated primarily from the rhizosphere of diverse plants, but also from soil and water samples. We also show that CmpA has a role in biofilm formation and that the integrity of its EAL domain is involved in this function. This study contributes to a better understanding of the niche-specific adaptations and lifestyles of , including the mycophagous behavior of strain AVO110.
PubMed: 34202389
DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms9071388 -
Environmental Pollution (Barking, Essex... Sep 2021The bioaerosols present in indoor air play a major role in the transmission of infectious diseases to humans, therefore concern about their exposure is increased...
The bioaerosols present in indoor air play a major role in the transmission of infectious diseases to humans, therefore concern about their exposure is increased recently. In this regard, the present investigation described the preparation of lemongrass essential oil (LGEO) loaded chitosan and cellulose nanofibers composites (CH/CNF) for controlling the indoor air bioaerosol. The evaluation of the inhibitory effect of the composite system on culturable bacteria of the indoor air was done at different sites (air volume from 30 m to 80 m) and in different size fractions of aerosol (<0.25 μm-2.5 μm). The composite system had high encapsulation efficiency (88-91%) and citrals content. A significant reduction in culturable bacteria of aerosol (from 6.23 log CFUm to 2.33 log CFUm) was observed in presence of cellulose nanofibers and chitosan composites. The bacterial strains such as Staphylococcus sp., Bacillus cereus, Bacillus pseudomycoides sp., Pseudomonas otitidis, and Pseudomonas sp. Cf0-3 in bioaerosols were inhibited dominantly due to the diffusion of aroma molecules in indoor air. The results indicate that the interaction of diffused aroma molecule from the composite system with bacterial strains enhanced the production of ROS, resulting in loss of membrane integrity of bacterial cells. Among different size fractions of aerosol, the composite system was more effective in finer size fractions (<0.25 μm) of aerosol due to the interaction of smaller aroma compounds with bacterial cells. The study revealed that LGEO loaded chitosan and cellulose nanofibers composites could be a good option for controlling the culturable bacteria even in small-sized respirable bioaerosol.
Topics: Aerosols; Air Microbiology; Air Pollution, Indoor; Bacillus; Chitosan; Humans; Oils, Volatile; Plant Oils; Pseudomonas; Terpenes
PubMed: 34049138
DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2021.117407 -
Microbiology Resource Announcements Mar 2024Here, we report the draft genome sequences of strains zfem001-005, five isolates from the intestinal microbiota of healthy larval zebrafish at a developmental age of 7...
Here, we report the draft genome sequences of strains zfem001-005, five isolates from the intestinal microbiota of healthy larval zebrafish at a developmental age of 7 days post fertilization. The isolates have been identified as , , , , and , respectively.
PubMed: 38376340
DOI: 10.1128/mra.00934-23 -
Microbiological Research Nov 2020In this study, we have attempted to develop a plant growth promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) consortia against early-stage diseases in Arachis hypogaea (Groundnut crop)...
In this study, we have attempted to develop a plant growth promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) consortia against early-stage diseases in Arachis hypogaea (Groundnut crop) plantation of Andhra Pradesh, India. The dominant PGPRs were selected by considering the various plant growth and protection qualities, followed by characterisation and grouping based on compatibility to form a consortium of PGPRs [Group-1 includes EX-1 (Acinetobacter baumannii stain HAMBI 1846); EX-3 (Pseudomonas aeruginosa strain A1K319); EX-5 (Bacillus subterraneus strain CF1.9); KNL-1 (Bacillus subtilis strain JMP-B); CTR-4 (Enterobacter cloacae strain VITKJ1); ANT-4 (Bacillus subtilis strain SBMP4) and Group-2 includes EX-4 (Pseudomonas otitidis strain SLC8); KDP-4 (Pseudomonas aeruginosa strain Kasamber 11); NLR-4 (Bacillus species ADMK68); ANT-6 (Bacillus subtilis subsp. inaquosorum strain KCTC 13429)]. In addition to resistance to early stage pathogens, in both in vitro and pot experiments the PGPR consortium showed significantly higher germination rate and root induction (Aspergillus niger; A. flavus; Fusarium oxysporum) when compared to control and fertilizer treated groups. In addition, Group 2 was more successful in stimulating and protecting plant growth among the two groups of PGPRs developed. The PGPR consortia developed showed multiple plant growth characteristics, including phosphate solubilization, production of HCN and Indole acetic acid along with broad antagonism against the tested phytopathogens.
Topics: Acinetobacter baumannii; Arachis; Aspergillus; Aspergillus niger; Bacillus; Bacillus subtilis; Enterobacter cloacae; Fertilizers; Fusarium; India; Indoleacetic Acids; Pest Control; Plant Development; Plant Diseases; Pseudomonas; Pseudomonas aeruginosa; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; Seeds; Soil Microbiology
PubMed: 32739583
DOI: 10.1016/j.micres.2020.126562