-
Journal of American College Health : J... Jul 2023This study examined rumination as a mediator of the relationship between dispositional mindfulness (DM) and depression, loneliness, and anxiety, while considering gender...
OBJECTIVE
This study examined rumination as a mediator of the relationship between dispositional mindfulness (DM) and depression, loneliness, and anxiety, while considering gender as a moderator of these mediation models.
PARTICIPANTS
Three hundred and nineteen undergraduate students (49.5% female; = 18.90 years) participated with data collected from January 2018 to April 2019.
METHODS
Self-report measures of DM, rumination, symptoms of anxiety and depression, loneliness, and social support were completed.
RESULTS
Males scored significantly higher than females on DM, while females scored significantly higher than males on rumination and psychological distress. Rumination mediated the relationship between DM and all adjustment variables. The mediation model predicting depression was moderated by gender, showing stronger effects for females than males.
CONCLUSION
Results support rumination as a mechanism underlying the association between DM and psychological adjustment and suggest that targeting both DM and rumination could maximize the effectiveness of mindfulness-based interventions for college students' well-being.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Female; Humans; Male; Young Adult; Emotional Adjustment; Mindfulness; Personality; Rumination, Cognitive; Self Report; Sex Factors; Students; Universities; United States
PubMed: 34437827
DOI: 10.1080/07448481.2021.1943411 -
Journal of Youth and Adolescence Jun 2023Establishing autonomy and maintaining relatedness with parents are two of the most crucial goals for adolescents and meeting these goals can be critical for academic and...
Establishing autonomy and maintaining relatedness with parents are two of the most crucial goals for adolescents and meeting these goals can be critical for academic and psychological adjustment. A two-dimensional framework was proposed for exploring the integrative synthesis of autonomy and relatedness, but its cultural applicability was limited. To better account for the situations associated with non-Western cultural context, this study extended the prior framework to three dimensions (volition, functional independence, and relatedness) and utilized latent profile analysis to explore the configurations and their concurrent and longitudinal (one year later) associations with adjustment (academic engagement, academic buoyancy, depressive symptoms, and externalizing problems). The study collected data from 3992 Chinese adolescents (51.33% girls, M = 15.41, SD = 0.55). Latent profile analyses identified five profiles: High, High Functional Independence, Moderate, Low Functional Independence, and Extremely Low Functional Independence. The High profile was the robust optimal pattern for academic and psychological adjustment, while the Low Functional Independence and Extremely Low Functional Independence were risk patterns over time. The High Functional Independence profile was only conducive to academic areas but not to psychological areas. Findings demonstrated the necessity of the three-dimensional framework in this field.
Topics: Adolescent; Female; Humans; Male; Academic Performance; Academic Success; Asian People; East Asian People; Emotional Adjustment; Parent-Child Relations; Parents; Personal Autonomy
PubMed: 36773189
DOI: 10.1007/s10964-023-01745-2 -
Epilepsy & Behavior : E&B Nov 2019Self-compassion has been associated with a set of adaptive coping strategies, which in turn explain better adjustment in individuals with chronic illnesses such as...
PURPOSE
Self-compassion has been associated with a set of adaptive coping strategies, which in turn explain better adjustment in individuals with chronic illnesses such as inflammatory bowel disease and arthritis. The aim of this study was to investigate whether self-compassion is associated with adjustment in people with epilepsy (PWE) and people with psychogenic nonepileptic seizures (PWPNES). Adjustment was measured via coping efficacy, quality of life (QoL), anxiety, and depression.
METHOD
A cross-sectional questionnaire design was employed. People with epilepsy (N = 74), PWPNES (N = 46), and controls (N = 89), recruited from outpatient seizure clinics and online, completed questionnaires about their self-compassion, coping efficacy, QoL, anxiety, and depression levels.
RESULTS
Overall, self-compassion was associated with adjustment in PWE and PWPNES. Self-compassion was negatively related to anxiety and depression in PWE, PWPNES, and controls and positively related to coping efficacy in PWE and PWPNES. Self-compassion was also positively related to QoL in PWE and controls; however, this relationship was not significant in PWPNES.
CONCLUSION
Self-compassion is associated with better adjustment in PWE and PWPNES. Implications of these findings for psychotherapeutic interventions for individuals with seizure disorders and future research are discussed.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Anxiety; Case-Control Studies; Cross-Sectional Studies; Depression; Emotional Adjustment; Empathy; Epilepsy; Female; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Quality of Life; Seizures; Surveys and Questionnaires; Young Adult
PubMed: 31574429
DOI: 10.1016/j.yebeh.2019.106490 -
Journal of Interpersonal Violence Jan 2022This study examined the phenomenon of sibling violence in Singapore. The underlying mechanisms through which maternal authoritativeness and maladaptive coping influenced...
This study examined the phenomenon of sibling violence in Singapore. The underlying mechanisms through which maternal authoritativeness and maladaptive coping influenced psychological adjustment following sibling violence were also investigated. Questionnaires were administered to 287 female and 128 male Singaporean college students between the ages of 18 to 27. Results showed that lifetime and past-year prevalence estimates of sibling violence in college students in Singapore were 89.9% and 62.0%, respectively. Lifetime psychological sibling violence involvement and past-year sibling violence involvement (both physical and psychological) were significantly related to maladaptive coping and overall psychological adjustment; lifetime sibling violence involvement was significantly related to maternal authoritativeness, anxiety, and depression only. Maladaptive coping was found to be a significant mediator between past-year physical and psychological sibling violence involvement and two measures of psychological adjustment, anxiety and depression. Maternal authoritativeness functioned as a moderator only for the relationship between past-year psychological sibling violence exposure and psychological adjustment. At low but not high levels of maternal authoritativeness, past-year psychological violence involvement was significantly related to higher levels of anxiety and depression, and lower levels of self-esteem. These findings show that sibling violence is a pervasive problem in Asian countries as well, such as in Singapore. There is a need to educate both the public and the relevant authorities so that steps can be taken to protect those who have experienced or are at risk of experiencing such violence. Through elucidating the role of maternal authoritativeness and maladaptive coping, the present study also suggests new avenues for interventions to reduce the adverse effects of sibling violence. Limitations and future directions are also discussed.
Topics: Adaptation, Psychological; Adolescent; Adult; Anxiety; Emotional Adjustment; Female; Humans; Male; Siblings; Violence; Young Adult
PubMed: 32383633
DOI: 10.1177/0886260520917510 -
Seminars in Fetal & Neonatal Medicine Jun 2020Social problems are an important feature of the preterm behavioral phenotype but are diverse and multidimensional. A model of social competence comprised of the three... (Review)
Review
Social problems are an important feature of the preterm behavioral phenotype but are diverse and multidimensional. A model of social competence comprised of the three interrelated components of social cognition, social interaction, and social adjustment is useful in conceptualizing these problems. Weaknesses in social cognition in very preterm (VPT) children, although rarely studied, are found on tasks involving interpretation of social cues. Difficulties in social interaction in VPT infants and young children are documented by structured observations of their interactions with adults. Problems in social adjustment are endorsed on parent and teacher ratings of VPT infants and youth and on self-reports of VPT adults. These multiple deficits likely stem from early disruptions in neural development, are related to other consequences of preterm birth, and subject to postnatal environment influences. Further research is needed to more fully account for the effects of VPT birth on the development of social competence.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Child; Child, Preschool; Emotional Adjustment; Humans; Infant; Infant, Extremely Premature; Infant, Newborn; Infant, Premature, Diseases; Neurodevelopmental Disorders; Neuropsychological Tests; Social Cognition; Social Interaction; Social Skills
PubMed: 32284233
DOI: 10.1016/j.siny.2020.101108 -
International Journal of Environmental... Oct 2021: International clinical practice guidelines highlight the importance of improving the psychological and mental health care of patients with Type 1 diabetes mellitus... (Review)
Review
: International clinical practice guidelines highlight the importance of improving the psychological and mental health care of patients with Type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM). Psychological interventions can promote adherence to the demands of diabetes self-care, promoting high quality of life and wellbeing. : A systematic review was carried out to determine whether psychological treatments with a specific focus on emotional management have an impact on glycemic control and variables related to psychological adjustment. Comprehensive literature searches of PubMed Medline, Psycinfo, Cochrane Database, Web of Science, and Open Grey Repository databases were conducted, from inception to November 2019 and were last updated in December 2020. Finally, eight articles met inclusion criteria. : Results showed that the management of emotions was effective in improving the psychological adjustment of patients with T1DM when carried out by psychologists. However, the evidence regarding the improvement of glycemic control was not entirely clear. When comparing adolescent and adult populations, findings yielded slightly better results in adolescents. : More rigorous studies are needed to establish what emotional interventions might increase glycemic control in this population.
Topics: Adaptation, Psychological; Adolescent; Adult; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1; Emotional Adjustment; Humans; Psychotropic Drugs; Quality of Life
PubMed: 34682687
DOI: 10.3390/ijerph182010940 -
Resuscitation Jan 2024
Topics: Humans; Survivorship; Heart Arrest; Survival
PubMed: 38061575
DOI: 10.1016/j.resuscitation.2023.110065 -
Revista Latino-americana de Enfermagem 2024the aim of this study is to investigate the relationship between death distress, psychological adjustment, optimism, pessimism and perceived stress among nurses working...
OBJECTIVE
the aim of this study is to investigate the relationship between death distress, psychological adjustment, optimism, pessimism and perceived stress among nurses working during the COVID-19 pandemic.
METHOD
this study was designed as cross-sectional/cohort. The population of the study involved 408 nurses from Northern Cyprus, which are registered as full members of the Nurse Council. The sample comprised 214 nurses, who volunteered to participate in the study. The study data was collected using a web-based online survey (Demographic form, the Coronavirus Stress Measure, The Optimism and Pessimism Questionnaire, The Brief Adjustment Scale-6, The Death Distress Scale).
RESULTS
the results indicated that perceived stress significantly and negatively predicted optimism (β = -0.21, p < 0.001) and pessimism (β = 0.38, p < 0.001). Perceived stress had significant and positive predictive effects on psychological adjustment (β = 0.31, p < 0.001) and death distress (β = 0.17, p < 0.01). Further analysis results revealed that pessimism mediates the association of stress with psychological adjustment and death distress; however, optimism only mediates the effect of stress on psychological adjustment among nurses.
CONCLUSION
a low level of pessimism is effective in strengthening nurses' psychological adjustment skills againt perceived stress and death distress. Nurses should consider behavioral strategies to help reduce the level of pessimism during periods such as pandemics.
BACKGROUND
(1) High levels of perceived stress increased higher score of psychological adjustment. (2) Pessimism mediates the association of stress with adjustment and death distress. (3) Optimism only mediates the effect of stress on psychological adjustment among nurses.
Topics: Humans; COVID-19; Cross-Sectional Studies; Optimism; Female; Adult; Male; Pessimism; Middle Aged; Pandemics; Emotional Adjustment; Nurses; Cyprus; Attitude to Death; Adaptation, Psychological; Cohort Studies; Stress, Psychological; Psychological Distress; SARS-CoV-2; Surveys and Questionnaires; Young Adult
PubMed: 38695430
DOI: 10.1590/1518-8345.7068.4173 -
Journal of Adolescence Apr 2022Adolescents with an immigrant background, whether first-generation (born abroad) or second-generation (at least one parent born abroad), face challenges that could...
INTRODUCTION
Adolescents with an immigrant background, whether first-generation (born abroad) or second-generation (at least one parent born abroad), face challenges that could compromise their psychological adjustment compared to their third-plus generation peers. Yet, many are developing positively despite the presence of adversity. To understand what contributes to these adolescents' resilience, it can be useful to study the coping strategies they use.
METHODS
A total of 1036 Canadian secondary school students participated in this quantitative cross-sectional study (M = 12.9; 56% females; 26% first-generation; 34% second generation; 39% third-plus generation). Coping strategies (coping orientation to problems experienced inventory) were assessed and their differentiated associations with self-esteem, anxiety (Screen for Child Anxiety Related Emotional Disorders), and depressive symptoms (Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale) were analyzed through path analysis and invariance testing.
RESULTS
First-generation adolescents reported more acceptance/reinterpretation and substance use than second- and third-plus generation adolescents. First- and second-generation adolescents reported using religion more than third-plus generation adolescents. First-generation adolescents used self-distraction more often than second-generation adolescents, who used it more often than third-plus generation. The use of humor was more prevalent in second-generation adolescents compared with their third-plus generation peers. In addition, some associations between coping strategies and psychological adjustment differed across generations. In first-generation adolescents, behavioral disengagement was significantly associated with fewer anxiety symptoms. The same trend was observed in second-generation adolescents who used self-distraction. These avoidant strategies are generally associated with poor psychological adjustment.
CONCLUSIONS
This study adds new knowledge about differences across generations in the coping strategies used by adolescents to deal with stress. Further practical implications are discussed.
Topics: Adaptation, Psychological; Adolescent; Anxiety; Canada; Child; Cross-Sectional Studies; Depression; Emotional Adjustment; Female; Humans; Male; Stress, Psychological
PubMed: 35390195
DOI: 10.1002/jad.12040 -
Applied Psychology. Health and... Nov 2023This follow-up study aimed to analyze the protective role of positivity and coping strategies on the well-being and psychological distress levels reported during... (Review)
Review
This follow-up study aimed to analyze the protective role of positivity and coping strategies on the well-being and psychological distress levels reported during Portugal's first and third waves of COVID-19. The total sample consisted of 135 participants (82.0% women) with ages ranging from 20 to 72 years (M = 39.29, SD = 11.46). Results suggested a significant decrease in well-being levels but no changes in psychological distress were observed. Positivity was a strong and significant predictor of well-being and psychological distress during the pandemic crisis. Among the set of strategies used by individuals at the first wave, denial, self-blame, and self-distraction predicted a poorer adaptation with more significant mental health impairment, with self-blame standing out as the most harmful. This study highlighted the key role of positivity in adjusting to the current pandemic crisis and the lasting detrimental impact of specific coping strategies.
Topics: Humans; Female; Male; Emotional Adjustment; COVID-19; Follow-Up Studies; Pandemics; Portugal; Adaptation, Psychological
PubMed: 37321921
DOI: 10.1111/aphw.12462