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The American Journal of Geriatric... Feb 2021
Topics: Cuba; Emigrants and Immigrants; History, 20th Century; History, 21st Century; Humans; Psychiatry; Psychology; Research Personnel; United States
PubMed: 33334646
DOI: 10.1016/j.jagp.2020.12.001 -
International Review of Psychiatry... 2020The unprecedented changes in our society because of COVID-19 and the fourth industrial revolution (4IR) shows that our healthcare system and the medical approach to... (Review)
Review
The unprecedented changes in our society because of COVID-19 and the fourth industrial revolution (4IR) shows that our healthcare system and the medical approach to psychotherapy can no longer meet the mental health needs of society. This paper first described the negative impact of COVID-19 and 4IR on our mental health. Then, following a brief critique of the medical model, this paper proposes that the future of psychotherapy needs to be based on the more inclusive and integrative framework of existential positive psychology (PP 2.0), which emphasizes flourishing through suffering. Finally, the paper emphasizes Viktor Frankl's cure and Wong's integrative meaning therapy. It concludes that integrative meaning therapy represents the future of psychotherapy, because it is situated in the area of interactions of at least three traditions: Clinical psychology, existential psychology, and positive psychology. This integrative model is holistic, recognising humans as bio-psycho-social-spiritual beings and considers several theoretical perspectives in both diagnosis and treatment.
Topics: COVID-19; Existentialism; Humans; Mental Health; Psychology, Clinical; Psychology, Positive; Psychotherapy
PubMed: 33016788
DOI: 10.1080/09540261.2020.1814703 -
Journal of Occupational Health... Aug 2021The COVID-19 pandemic continues to generate threats to occupational health, safety, and well-being. As a result, it presents an opportunity to deepen the field's...
The COVID-19 pandemic continues to generate threats to occupational health, safety, and well-being. As a result, it presents an opportunity to deepen the field's insights into occupational health psychology (OHP), and to offer practical guidance that may help workers, organizations, and society mitigate the pandemic's negative effects. This special section of the (JOHP) addresses several implications of the pandemic for well-being and work behavior. The pandemic raises many additional questions deserving of research attention. Such topics include the implications of organizations' evolving workforce and workplace decisions, and work as a mechanism for public health and societal well-being. OHP research also has the potential to generate ideas that may prove useful for addressing future crises. A greater consideration of context may help the field achieve such aims. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2021 APA, all rights reserved).
Topics: Biomedical Research; COVID-19; Humans; Occupational Health; Psychology, Industrial; Workplace
PubMed: 34370498
DOI: 10.1037/ocp0000292 -
Psychonomic Bulletin & Review Jun 2021It is common for conclusions of empirical studies to depend on multiple significant outcomes. This practice may seem reasonable, but it has some unintended effects. In... (Review)
Review
It is common for conclusions of empirical studies to depend on multiple significant outcomes. This practice may seem reasonable, but it has some unintended effects. In particular, the compound Type I error rate for multiple studies (the likelihood of concluding that an effect exists when it does not) can be much lower than that of the individual studies. This in itself is not a problem since a low Type I error rate is desirable. However, there is also an accompanying drop in power, meaning that the probability of finding support for a true effect is low. Currently, there is no standard statistical method for dealing with the hyper-conservative error rate and accompanying low power that results from investigations requiring multiple significant outcomes. Here, we propose a novel solution to this problem: We show that it is sometimes appropriate to reverse the logic of the classic Bonferroni correction and increase the significance criterion in order to maintain an intended compound Type I error rate across multiple tests. This reverse Bonferroni approach dramatically improves statistical power and encourages careful planning of statistical analyses prior to data collection. To avoid adding to the list of questionable research practices that seem to contaminate some psychological research, we suggest that reverse Bonferroni be restricted to situations where authors pre-register their analysis plans.
Topics: Data Interpretation, Statistical; Humans; Psychology; Psychometrics
PubMed: 33464549
DOI: 10.3758/s13423-020-01855-z -
Bio Systems Oct 2021As a clinical psychologist, I observe stereotyped formulas of behavior in action every day in the consulting room, despite differences in age, race, or culture; they... (Review)
Review
As a clinical psychologist, I observe stereotyped formulas of behavior in action every day in the consulting room, despite differences in age, race, or culture; they present themselves as codified rules or typical modes of behavior in archetypical situations. Such circumstances coincide with what C.G. Jung defended: the existence of archetypes stored in an inherited/phylogenetic repository, which he called the collective unconscious - somewhat similar to the notion of an ethogram, as shown by ethology. Psychologists can use a perspective to facilitate understanding the phenomenon: the code biology perspective (Barbieri 2014). This approach can help us recognize how these phenomenological events have an ontological reality based not only on the existence of organic information but also on the existence of organic meaning. We are not a tabula rasa (Wilson 2000): despite the explosive diversification of the brain and the emergence of conscience and intentionality, we observe the conservation of basic instincts and emotions (Ekman 2004; Damasio 2010) not only in humans but in all mammals and other living beings; we refer to the neural activity on which the discrimination behavior is based, i.e., the neural codes. The conservation of these fundamental set-of-rules or conventions suggests that one or more neural codes have been highly conserved and serves as an interpretive basis for what happens to the living being who owns them (Barbieri 2003). Thus, archetypes' phenomenological reality can be understood not as something metaphorical but as an ontological (phylogenetic) fact (Goodwyn 2019). Furthermore, epigenetic regulation theories present the possibility that the biomolecular process incorporates elements of the context where it takes place; something fundamental to understand our concept - the archetype presents itself as the mnesic remnant of the behavioral history of individuals who preceded us on the evolutionary scale. In short: brains are optimized for processing ethologically relevant sensory signals (Clemens et al., 2015). From the perspective of the corporeal mind (Searle 2002), in this paper, we will show the parallels between code biology and the concept of the archetype, as Jung defended it and as it appears in clinical practice.
Topics: Animals; Biological Evolution; Genetic Code; Humans; Instinct; Psychology
PubMed: 34364930
DOI: 10.1016/j.biosystems.2021.104501 -
The American Psychologist Dec 2019Methods to increase Campbell's (1957) internal and external validity as well as Cook and Campbell's (1979) construct and conclusion validity are reviewed. For internal... (Review)
Review
Methods to increase Campbell's (1957) internal and external validity as well as Cook and Campbell's (1979) construct and conclusion validity are reviewed. For internal validity or valid causal inference, designs and methods to draw causal conclusions from nonrandomized studies are considered. Greater collaboration between the causal inference and structural equation modeling traditions would benefit both. For external validity, generalizing results, treating partners and studies as well as participants as random is strongly encouraged. For construct validity, particularly the psychological meaning of measures, multivariate models that treat measures from both overtime and dyadic data as being a combination of multiple constructs are discussed. For conclusion validity or valid statistical inference, the problem of low power when generalizability is high and the assumption of independence are discussed. Finding the truth in psychological research is a challenge, and seemingly insurmountable difficulties are often encountered. Nonetheless, persistent and diligent efforts using strategies developed by generations of methodologists should lead to scientific advancement. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2019 APA, all rights reserved).
Topics: Humans; Psychology; Reproducibility of Results; Research
PubMed: 31829678
DOI: 10.1037/amp0000531 -
The Journal of Analytical Psychology Jun 2020
Topics: Psychology
PubMed: 32406941
DOI: 10.1111/1468-5922.12595 -
Diabetic Medicine : a Journal of the... Mar 2020The term 'diabetes distress' first entered the psychosocial research vernacular in 1995, and refers to 'the negative emotional or affective experience resulting from the... (Review)
Review
The term 'diabetes distress' first entered the psychosocial research vernacular in 1995, and refers to 'the negative emotional or affective experience resulting from the challenge of living with the demands of diabetes'. At first the proponents of the concept were hesitant in advocating that diabetes distress was a major barrier to individuals' self-care and management of diabetes. Since then, a burgeoning body of evidence, now including several systematic reviews of intervention studies, suggests that diabetes distress, in both type 1 and type 2 diabetes, across ages and in all countries and cultures where it has been studied, is common and can be a barrier to optimal emotional well-being, self-care and management of diabetes. As a consequence, monitoring diabetes distress as part of routine clinical care is part of many national guidelines. The present narrative review summarizes this research and related literature, to postulate the aetiology of diabetes distress, and thus how it may be prevented. The current evidence base for the management of diabetes distress is summarized, and the next steps in the prevention and management of diabetes distress identified.
Topics: Behavioral Research; Diabetes Mellitus; History, 20th Century; History, 21st Century; Humans; Psychological Distress; Psychology; Time Factors
PubMed: 31638279
DOI: 10.1111/dme.14157 -
European Journal of Cardiovascular... Oct 2023
Topics: Humans; Psychology, Positive; Cardiovascular System; Psychology
PubMed: 36656964
DOI: 10.1093/eurjcn/zvad015 -
Perspectives on Psychological Science :... Nov 2021Psychological theories of gender and/or sex (gender/sex) have the capacity to shape people's self-perceptions, social judgments, and behaviors. The institutional power...
Psychological theories of gender and/or sex (gender/sex) have the capacity to shape people's self-perceptions, social judgments, and behaviors. The institutional power of psychology to affect cognition and behavior-not just to measure them-necessitates a serious consideration of our social responsibility to manage the products of our intellectual labor. Therefore, I propose that psychological research should be understood as of gender/sex (and socially relevant concepts in general). In this issue, four articles collectively serve as a demonstrative slice of the diversity of current directions in psychological research on gender/sex. I use these articles as springboards for articulating key elements of psychologists' stewardship of gender/sex and strategies for improving our stewardship. First, I examine how psychology's historical stewardship of gender/sex has yielded both new methods for self-understanding and harmful consequences for marginalized people. Next, I explore promising current approaches that center minoritized perspectives. I also discuss roadblocks to effective stewardship, including narrowly disciplinary approaches. Finally, I consider strategies for improving psychology's stewardship of gender/sex, such as mitigating gender/sex essentialism and employing generative theoretical frameworks built from interdisciplinary insights.
Topics: Employment; Humans; Psychological Theory; Psychology
PubMed: 34726098
DOI: 10.1177/17456916211018462