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NeuroImage Aug 2020We present the first evidence for vascular regulation driving fMRI signals in specific functional brain networks. Using concurrent neuronal and vascular stimuli, we...
We present the first evidence for vascular regulation driving fMRI signals in specific functional brain networks. Using concurrent neuronal and vascular stimuli, we collected 30 BOLD fMRI datasets in 10 healthy individuals: a working memory task, flashing checkerboard stimulus, and CO inhalation challenge were delivered in concurrent but orthogonal paradigms. The resulting imaging data were averaged together and decomposed using independent component analysis, and three "neuronal networks" were identified as demonstrating maximum temporal correlation with the neuronal stimulus paradigms: Default Mode Network, Task Positive Network, and Visual Network. For each of these, we observed a second network component with high spatial overlap. Using dual regression in the original 30 datasets, we extracted the time-series associated with these network pairs and calculated the percent of variance explained by the neuronal or vascular stimuli using a normalized R parameter. In each pairing, one network was dominated by the appropriate neuronal stimulus, and the other was dominated by the vascular stimulus as represented by the end-tidal CO time-series recorded in each scan. We acquired a second dataset in 8 of the original participants, where no CO challenge was delivered and CO levels fluctuated naturally with breathing variations. Although splitting of functional networks was not robust in these data, performing dual regression with the network maps from the original analysis in this new dataset successfully replicated our observations. Thus, in addition to responding to localized metabolic changes, the brain's vasculature may be regulated in a coordinated manner that mimics (and potentially supports) specific functional brain networks. Multi-modal imaging and advances in fMRI acquisition and analysis could facilitate further study of the dual nature of functional brain networks. It will be critical to understand network-specific vascular function, and the behavior of a coupled vascular-neural network, in future studies of brain pathology.
Topics: Adult; Blood Vessels; Brain Mapping; Carbon Dioxide; Female; Humans; Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Male; Memory, Short-Term; Nerve Net; Neurovascular Coupling; Oxygen; Photic Stimulation; Psychomotor Performance; Regression Analysis
PubMed: 32387624
DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2020.116907 -
Schizophrenia Bulletin Jul 2021
Topics: Biomedical Research; Humans; Mental Disorders; Neurosciences; Psychomotor Performance
PubMed: 33940630
DOI: 10.1093/schbul/sbab053 -
Infancy : the Official Journal of the... Nov 2022Most research with the mobile paradigm has the underlying assumption that young infants can selectively move the limb causing the contingent feedback from the mobile...
Most research with the mobile paradigm has the underlying assumption that young infants can selectively move the limb causing the contingent feedback from the mobile while avoiding irrelevant motor responses. Contrary to this long-held belief, others have argued that such differentiation ability is not fully developed early in life. In the current study, we revisited the traditional mobile paradigm with a contemporary research approach (using high-precision motion capture techniques, a yoked-control design, and a large sample size) to investigate whether response differentiation ability emerges before 5 months of age. The data collected from 76 infants (aged between 115 and 159 days) revealed that infants can learn sensorimotor contingencies by increasing the movement of the connected leg relative to their baseline level. However, they did not differentially increase the movement of the leg causing an effect in the environment compared with that of other limbs. Our results illustrate that response differentiation ability emerges later than previously suggested.
Topics: Infant; Humans; Psychomotor Performance; Child Development; Learning; Movement; Extremities
PubMed: 36124446
DOI: 10.1111/infa.12506 -
Electrophysiological correlates of action monitoring in brain-damaged patients: A systematic review.Neuropsychologia Sep 2022Action monitoring is crucial to the successful execution of an action and understanding the actions of others. It is often impaired due to brain lesions, in particular... (Review)
Review
Action monitoring is crucial to the successful execution of an action and understanding the actions of others. It is often impaired due to brain lesions, in particular after stroke. This systematic review aims to map the literature on the neurophysiological correlates of action monitoring in patients with brain lesions. Eighteen studies were identified and divided into two groups: studies on monitoring of one's own actions and studies on monitoring of the actions of others. The first group included EEG studies on monitoring of self-performed erroneous and correct actions. Impaired error detection (decreased error-related negativity) was observed in patients with lesions in the performance-monitoring network, as compared to healthy controls. Less consistent results were shown for error positivity and behavioral error monitoring performance. The second group of studies on monitoring of others' actions reported decreased mu frequency suppression, impaired readiness potential in the affected hemisphere and decreased EEG indices of error observation (observed error positivity and theta power) in stroke patients. As a whole, these results indicate distinct patterns of impaired neurophysiological activity related to monitoring one's own versus others' actions in patients with brain lesions. EEG recordings of this dissociation in the same patients might be a useful index of motor recovery, and therefore, potentially also beneficial in rehabilitation protocols.
Topics: Brain; Brain Injuries; Electroencephalography; Humans; Psychomotor Performance; Stroke
PubMed: 35842019
DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2022.108333 -
PloS One 2022Technical elements are related to shooting performance; however, the importance of each factor regarding performance, especially in elite-level pistol shooters, remains...
Technical elements are related to shooting performance; however, the importance of each factor regarding performance, especially in elite-level pistol shooters, remains controversial. The objective of this study was to determine the technical factors that influence pistol performance. One elite-level shooter was analysed during the season before the Olympic classification European championship through a total of six competitions (n = 360 shots). Aiming point trajectories were measured with the SCATT optoelectronic system. Variables were classified into six categories: performance; aiming time; stability of hold; aiming accuracy; cleanness of triggering and shooting delta. Principal component analysis, multiple regressions, Pearson correlations and ANOVAs were used to analyse the data. The results showed that five components (aiming time, stability of hold, aiming accuracy, cleanness of triggering and shooting delta) determined a total of 79.68% of the shooting variance. Specifically, aiming accuracy and cleanness of triggering explained up to 25% of the shooting score, with cleanness of triggering serving as the determining factor. Correlations were found among the performance and stability of hold, aiming accuracy, cleanness of triggering and shooting delta. Last, significant differences were found among 8-score, 9-score and 10-score shots. We conclude that while aiming accuracy seems to be related to the performance, cleanness of triggering could be the most critical technical element; furthermore, while stability of hold does not seem to be a determining factor of the score, it could be a general prerequisite to achieve high levels of performance in elite-level air pistol shooters.
Topics: Adult; Athletic Performance; Firearms; Humans; Male; Postural Balance; Principal Component Analysis; Psychomotor Performance; Task Performance and Analysis
PubMed: 35045106
DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0262276 -
Journal of Learning Disabilities 2020
Topics: Adolescent; Child; Comprehension; Dyslexia; Handwriting; Humans; Language Development; Psycholinguistics; Psychomotor Performance; Reading; Writing
PubMed: 31847693
DOI: 10.1177/0022219419894565 -
Clinical Neurophysiology : Official... Aug 2021
Topics: Basal Ganglia; Cerebral Cortex; Globus Pallidus; Humans; Imagination; Movement; Neural Pathways; Psychomotor Performance
PubMed: 34049813
DOI: 10.1016/j.clinph.2021.04.010 -
Journal of Sleep Research Aug 2021Previous research revealed inconsistent effects of bright light or a short nap at noon on alertness and performance across different tasks. The current study aimed to...
Previous research revealed inconsistent effects of bright light or a short nap at noon on alertness and performance across different tasks. The current study aimed to explore whether the effects of bright light and a short nap at noon on task performance depended on the cognitive domain. Bright light (1,200 lx, 4,000 K at eye level), nap (near darkness) and control (200 lx, 4,000 K at eye level) conditions were performed from 1:00 to 1:40 PM on three non-consecutive days with a counterbalanced order across participants. After being assigned to one of three conditions, participants underwent two repeated test sessions, each including a psychomotor vigilance task, a go/no-go task, and a paced visual serial addition task, with an interval of more than 1 h, to assess the persistent effects of napping and bright light. Subjective sleepiness, vitality, self-control and mood were also measured. Results showed that accuracy on the go/no-go task and the paced visual serial addition task improved significantly throughout the entire experiment session after napping, whereas reaction speed on the paced visual serial addition task improved time-dependently in the bright light intervention, with a higher reaction speed in only the first test session. Nearly all subjective states benefited from napping but not from bright light. These findings suggested that the effects of bright light and an afternoon nap on task performance would depend on the cognitive domain. An afternoon nap may elicit more effective and persistent benefits on task performance and subjective states.
Topics: Attention; Cognition; Female; Humans; Male; Psychomotor Performance; Sleep; Task Performance and Analysis; Young Adult
PubMed: 33258274
DOI: 10.1111/jsr.13242 -
Aerospace Medicine and Human Performance Feb 2023Aircrew in-flight bladder relief remains an understudied stressor; specifically the effects of withholding urination on flight-relevant cognitive performance. This...
Aircrew in-flight bladder relief remains an understudied stressor; specifically the effects of withholding urination on flight-relevant cognitive performance. This quasi-experimental study investigated whether voluntary urinary retention over a 3-h period negatively impacted cognitive performance. We assessed vigilance using the psychomotor vigilance task (PVT) and measured the P3b event-related potential (ERP) in response to PVT stimuli. We also measured working memory (WM) performance using a change detection task and assessed the contralateral delay activity during the WM task using electroencephalography (EEG). Subjects ( = 29) completed a baseline test on both tasks, following bladder voiding and immediately after consuming 0.75 L of water. Subjects performed tasks at 1, 2, and 3 h post-void and urgency to void one's bladder was assessed regularly. A total of 17 subjects were able to complete the entire study protocol. Repeated-measures ANOVAs assessed changes in PVT and WM outcomes. Reaction time (RT) on the PVT was significantly impaired (5% slower) with longer urinary retention time and showed a 2.5-fold increase in the number of lapses (RT > 500 ms) with increased retention time. Together these results indicate that sustained attention was impaired with increased voluntary urine retention. We did not see significant changes in WM performance with our manipulations. Additionally, neural measures acquired with EEG for both tasks did not show any significant effect. As measured with the PVT, sustained attention was impaired during 3 h of voluntary urinary retention, highlighting the need for further development of adequate bladder relief systems in military aviation.
Topics: Humans; Psychomotor Performance; Urinary Retention; Reaction Time; Attention; Cognition
PubMed: 36754996
DOI: 10.3357/AMHP.6067.2023 -
Revista Espanola de Salud Publica Sep 2021The clinical evaluation is fundamental in the diagnosis of autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and must include the evaluation of the psychomotor development in an integral... (Review)
Review
BACKGROUND
The clinical evaluation is fundamental in the diagnosis of autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and must include the evaluation of the psychomotor development in an integral way that allows to identify the interaction between the somatic and the affective, and in the long term, positively influence the overall development of the child. The objective of this work was to identify validated psychomotor assessment tools in autism spectrum disorder in the current literature.
METHODS
An exploratory review was carried out following the Prisma-SCR criteria from searches in electronic databases, including PUBMED, SCIENCE DIRECT, LILACS, SCOPUS and PEDRO, only publications between the years 2010-2020 were taken into account. validation that will include people with ASD from 2 to 14 years old.
RESULTS
25 studies met the inclusion criteria, of which only the Gross Motor Development Test-3 (TGDM3) is recognized as a psychomotor exploration test through six locomotor activities and six object control.
CONCLUSIONS
The tools found are very broad compared to the measurement criteria and many of them are used as screening tests for ASD.
Topics: Adolescent; Autism Spectrum Disorder; Child; Child, Preschool; Humans; Psychomotor Performance; Spain
PubMed: 34584065
DOI: No ID Found