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Clinical Endocrinology Oct 2022The timing of pubertal development is strongly influenced by the genetic background, and clinical presentations of delayed puberty are often found within families with... (Review)
Review
The timing of pubertal development is strongly influenced by the genetic background, and clinical presentations of delayed puberty are often found within families with clear patterns of inheritance. The discovery of the underlying genetic regulators of such conditions, in recent years through next generation sequencing, has advanced the understanding of the pathogenesis of disorders of pubertal timing and the potential for genetic testing to assist diagnosis for patients with these conditions. This review covers the significant advances in the understanding of the biological mechanisms of delayed puberty that have occurred in the last two decades.
Topics: Humans; Hypogonadism; Puberty; Puberty, Delayed
PubMed: 34617615
DOI: 10.1111/cen.14606 -
Trends in Neurosciences Apr 2023During adolescence and puberty, alterations in pain, both experimental and clinical, are observed. In addition, adolescents undergo extensive biopsychosocial changes as... (Review)
Review
During adolescence and puberty, alterations in pain, both experimental and clinical, are observed. In addition, adolescents undergo extensive biopsychosocial changes as they transition from childhood to adulthood. However, a better understanding of how the biopsychosocial changes during adolescence impact pain is needed to improve pain management and develop targeted pain interventions for adolescents. This review synthesizes the literature on alterations in pain during adolescence in humans, describes the potential biopsychosocial factors impacting pain during adolescence, and suggests future research directions to advance the understanding of the impact of adolescent development on pain.
Topics: Humans; Adolescent; Child; Young Adult; Puberty; Pain
PubMed: 36842946
DOI: 10.1016/j.tins.2023.01.006 -
Annales D'endocrinologie Aug 2022Mini-puberty is defined as the period in infancy with elevated FSH and LH resulting in increased levels of sex hormones. It differs between boys and girls and its impact... (Review)
Review
Mini-puberty is defined as the period in infancy with elevated FSH and LH resulting in increased levels of sex hormones. It differs between boys and girls and its impact on future fertility is not completely known. This mini-review focus on the effects of mini-puberty on genital development and some aspects possibly related to future fertility.
Topics: Female; Fertility; Follicle Stimulating Hormone; Gonadal Steroid Hormones; Humans; Luteinizing Hormone; Male; Puberty
PubMed: 35728696
DOI: 10.1016/j.ando.2022.06.002 -
International Journal of Adolescent... Feb 2023When a girl experiences her first period, she starts a new phase of her life and becomes biologically capable of becoming a mother and giving birth to a child. Girls'... (Review)
Review
When a girl experiences her first period, she starts a new phase of her life and becomes biologically capable of becoming a mother and giving birth to a child. Girls' hypothalamus-pituitary-ovary axis reaches "axial maturity" during puberty, when they are between the ages of 8 and 13 years old. Secondary biological features, including as growth, body-shape changes in females, breast growth, hair growth on the vulva, and hair growth on the axillary pits, are often observed during this era. The first menstruation, or menarche, is also commonly observed during this time. During the menstrual cycle, a woman's ability to conceive and give birth is at the core of her reproductive life.
Topics: Female; Adolescent; Child; Pregnancy; Humans; Menstruation; Menarche; Puberty; Menstruation Disturbances
PubMed: 36117242
DOI: 10.1515/ijamh-2022-0018 -
Archives of Disease in Childhood.... Aug 2022A pubertal assessment is an important part of the clinical examination of a young person. Clinicians must be empowered to do this confidently and in a sensitive manner....
A pubertal assessment is an important part of the clinical examination of a young person. Clinicians must be empowered to do this confidently and in a sensitive manner. Tanner staging allows an objective measurement of pubertal status, including pubic and axillary hair growth, and breast or genital development. Alongside history, age and growth patterns, pubertal assessment can identify normal, precocious, delayed or arrested puberty and be suggestive of underlying pathology. This article aims to familiarise clinicians with the pubertal assessment, both the examination and interpretation.
Topics: Adolescent; Breast; Hair; Humans; Puberty; Referral and Consultation; Sexual Maturation
PubMed: 33990373
DOI: 10.1136/archdischild-2020-320386 -
Handbook of Clinical Neurology 2020Sex differences in behavior, and whether these behavioral differences are related to sex differences in brain development, has been a longstanding topic of debate.... (Review)
Review
Sex differences in behavior, and whether these behavioral differences are related to sex differences in brain development, has been a longstanding topic of debate. Presumably, sex differences can provide critically important leads for explaining the etiology of various illnesses that show (i) large sex differences in prevalence and (ii) have an origin before or during adolescence. The general aim of this chapter is to provide an overview of scientific studies on sex differences in normative brain and behavioral development across puberty and adolescence, including the (sex) hormone-driven transition phase of puberty. Moreover, we describe the literature on brain and behavioral development in gender dysphoria, a severe and persistent incongruence between the self-identified gender and the assigned sex at birth. From the literature it becomes clear there is evidence for a specific link between pubertal maturation and developmental changes in arousal, motivation, and emotion. However, this link is rather similar between boys and girls. Moreover, although there is substantial evidence for sex differences in mean brain structure, these have not always been linked to sex differences in behavior, cognition, or psychopathology. Furthermore, there is little evidence for sex differences in brain development and thus, studies so far have been unable to explain sex differences in cognition. Suggestions for future research and methodologic considerations are provided.
Topics: Adolescent; Brain; Cognition; Emotions; Female; Humans; Infant, Newborn; Male; Puberty; Sex Characteristics
PubMed: 33008529
DOI: 10.1016/B978-0-444-64123-6.00003-5 -
Allergologia Et Immunopathologia 2021Differences between biological sex, gender identity, and their impact on health may have significant implications for the prevention, screening, diagnosis, and treatment... (Review)
Review
Differences between biological sex, gender identity, and their impact on health may have significant implications for the prevention, screening, diagnosis, and treatment of several diseases, including allergies. Asthma, allergic rhinitis (AR), atopic dermatitis (AD), and allergic conjunctivitis (AC) have different prevalences and different risk factors in infancy. Although boys present allergies more often in childhood, it quickly changes during girls' sexual development, leading to lifelong female predominance of allergic diseases. This can be explained by the influence of sexual hormones, different lifestyles adopted by men and women, microbiota diversity, diet distinctions, professional options, and adherence to treatment, among others. Gender-related aspects should become essential parameters in allergology to diagnostic and therapeutic stratification, associated with molecular, genetic, and epigenetic patterns. Longitudinal studies would be interesting to evaluate possible mechanisms underlying these differences in prevalence. Sex- and gender-specific observations beyond 14 years of age are scarce and further allergic multimorbidity studies in different populations, especially in adults, are necessary.
Topics: Adolescent; Age Factors; Child; Female; Humans; Hypersensitivity; Male; Prevalence; Puberty; Risk Factors; Sex Distribution; Sex Factors
PubMed: 33641303
DOI: 10.15586/aei.v49i2.49 -
Endocrinology and Metabolism Clinics of... Jun 2024
Topics: Humans; Puberty, Precocious; Puberty; Female; Puberty, Delayed
PubMed: 38677874
DOI: 10.1016/j.ecl.2024.03.002 -
Journal of Medical Ethics Nov 2020
Topics: Humans; Puberty
PubMed: 33033114
DOI: 10.1136/medethics-2020-106822 -
World Review of Nutrition and Dietetics 2022
Review
Topics: Biological Phenomena; Body Height; Growth; Humans; Malnutrition; Puberty
PubMed: 35249020
DOI: 10.1159/000521776