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Ugeskrift For Laeger Jan 2024Interstitial lung abnormalities (ILA) are incidentally observed specific CT findings in patients without clinical suspicion of interstitial lung disease (ILD). ILA with... (Review)
Review
Interstitial lung abnormalities (ILA) are incidentally observed specific CT findings in patients without clinical suspicion of interstitial lung disease (ILD). ILA with basal and peripheral predominance and features suggestive of fibrosis in more than 5% of any part of the lung should be referred for pulmonologist review. The strategy for monitoring as described in this review is based on clinical and radiological risk factors. ILA are associated with risk of progression to ILD and increased mortality. Early identification and assessment of risk factors for progression are essential to improve outcome.
Topics: Humans; Disease Progression; Lung Diseases, Interstitial; Lung; Risk Factors; Risk Assessment
PubMed: 38235774
DOI: 10.61409/V06230395 -
Laryngo- Rhino- Otologie Aug 2019Surgery of the trachea is a specialised field in which many disciplines work jointly due to the variety of indications and the extended topography. Not only because of...
Surgery of the trachea is a specialised field in which many disciplines work jointly due to the variety of indications and the extended topography. Not only because of its particular functional importance, but also because of its complex morphology, anatomy and physiology, this organ represents a special therapeutic challenge. A variety of diseases require surgical procedures of the trachea; the therapeutic strategy is influenced both by the disease itself as well as patient-dependent parameters. Regardless of the nature of the underlying disorder, good results require a high level of expertise in airway management, a careful diagnosis and interventional planning as well as an experienced surgical team that masters extended operative techniques. An optimal treatment decision always requires a multidisciplinary assessment of the patient's individual situation by interventional pulmonologists, thoracic surgeons, visceral surgeons, ENT (ear, nose and throat) surgeons and anaesthesiologists.
Topics: Humans; Trachea
PubMed: 31387132
DOI: 10.1055/a-0834-4299 -
Ugeskrift For Laeger Jan 2024Extrapulmonary tuberculosis (TB) in the gastrointestinal tract is a rare, but yet an essential differential diagnosis to patients with complex fistula disease, since the...
Extrapulmonary tuberculosis (TB) in the gastrointestinal tract is a rare, but yet an essential differential diagnosis to patients with complex fistula disease, since the initiation of immunosuppressive therapy for presumed Crohn's disease can lead to a fulminant course of TB. This case report presents a young Danish woman with a progressive complex fistula disease, where cause and treatment were uncovered by interprofessional collaboration between pulmonologists, gastroenterologists and surgeons including a screening test for TB as well as multiple biopsies from the anal fistula tissue.
Topics: Female; Humans; Crohn Disease; Rectal Fistula; Tuberculosis, Extrapulmonary; Tuberculosis, Gastrointestinal; Biopsy
PubMed: 38305264
DOI: 10.61409/V09230551 -
Cancers Feb 2023A lot has happened in the field of lung cancer screening in recent months. The ongoing discussion and documentation published by the scientific community and... (Review)
Review
A lot has happened in the field of lung cancer screening in recent months. The ongoing discussion and documentation published by the scientific community and policymakers are of great importance to the entire European community and perhaps beyond. Lung cancer is the main worldwide killer. Low-dose computed tomography-based screening, together with smoking cessation, is the only tool to fight lung cancer, as it has already been proven in the United States of America but also European randomized controlled trials. Screening requires a lot of well-organized specialized work, but it can be supported by artificial intelligence (AI). Here we discuss whether and how to use AI for patients, radiologists, pulmonologists, thoracic surgeons, and all hospital staff supporting screening process benefits.
PubMed: 36831662
DOI: 10.3390/cancers15041321 -
Journal of Bronchology & Interventional... Oct 2023
Topics: Humans; Pulmonologists; Bronchoscopy
PubMed: 37784236
DOI: 10.1097/LBR.0000000000000939 -
Chest Jun 2021Despite international treaties banning torture, it is still widely practiced by state agents and private citizens alike. Pulmonologists may encounter survivors of... (Review)
Review
Despite international treaties banning torture, it is still widely practiced by state agents and private citizens alike. Pulmonologists may encounter survivors of torture in routine clinical practice or in the context of a forensic medical evaluation. The Istanbul Protocol delineates the general approach to the effective medical examination, investigation, and reporting of an individual alleging torture, but relatively little text is devoted to the specific pulmonary manifestations of torture. This review intends to address this paucity.
Topics: Forensic Medicine; Humans; Lung Diseases; Pulmonologists; Torture
PubMed: 33582098
DOI: 10.1016/j.chest.2021.02.010 -
Innovations (Philadelphia, Pa.) 2021
Topics: Bronchoscopy; Humans; Lung Neoplasms; Pulmonologists; Surgeons
PubMed: 33754842
DOI: 10.1177/1556984521997421 -
Annals of Translational Medicine Aug 2019Postobstructive pneumonia can complicate lung cancer, particularly in more advanced stages of the disease, producing significant clinical decline and a poorer prognosis.... (Review)
Review
Postobstructive pneumonia can complicate lung cancer, particularly in more advanced stages of the disease, producing significant clinical decline and a poorer prognosis. It can lead to complications such as empyema, lung abscess and fistula formation. Postobstructive pneumonia can also be the first manifestation of an underlying malignancy. There are multiple challenges in the management of these patients. Recognition and treatment of this entity can be complex and includes the use of imaging, administration of broad-spectrum antibiotics to cover the wide variety of microorganisms involved and the use of different interventional modalities to relieve the obstruction. Existing literature on postobstructive pneumonia is scarce. In this article, we review the pathophysiology, different diagnostic methods and the therapeutic options to treat this condition. The utility and efficacy of the various modalities that are currently available in clinical practice to the interventional pulmonologist are described in some detail.
PubMed: 31516903
DOI: 10.21037/atm.2019.05.26 -
Pediatric Pulmonology Oct 2022Though endogenous S-nitroso-l-cysteine (l-CSNO) signaling at the level of the carotid body increases minute ventilation (v̇ ), neither the background data nor the... (Review)
Review
Though endogenous S-nitroso-l-cysteine (l-CSNO) signaling at the level of the carotid body increases minute ventilation (v̇ ), neither the background data nor the potential clinical relevance are well-understood by pulmonologists in general, or by pediatric pulmonologists in particular. Here, we first review how regulation of the synthesis, activation, transmembrane transport, target interaction, and degradation of l-CSNO can affect the ventilatory drive. In particular, we review l-CSNO formation by hemoglobin R to T conformational change and by nitric oxide (NO) synthases (NOS), and the downstream effects on v̇ through interaction with voltage-gated K (Kv) channel proteins and other targets in the peripheral and central nervous systems. We will review how these effects are independent of-and, in fact may be opposite to-those of NO. Next, we will review evidence that specific elements of this pathway may underlie disorders of respiratory control in childhood. Finally, we will review the potential clinical implications of this pathway in the development of respiratory stimulants, with a particular focus on potential pediatric applications.
Topics: Child; Cysteine; Hemoglobins; Humans; Nitric Oxide; Nitric Oxide Synthase; Respiratory System Agents; S-Nitrosothiols
PubMed: 35785452
DOI: 10.1002/ppul.26036