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Case Reports in Pediatrics 2021is a Gram-positive coccus and an opportunistic pathogen in immunocompromised hosts. The microorganism has been implicated in serious infections, including bacteremia...
is a Gram-positive coccus and an opportunistic pathogen in immunocompromised hosts. The microorganism has been implicated in serious infections, including bacteremia meningitis or endocarditis. However, there is a dearth of investigations on meningitis, especially in children. As this infection is rare and only a few cases have been recorded, evidence-based guidelines for adequate infection treatment are lacking. We herein report the case of a 12-year-old boy with myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS) presenting with a change in mental status who was diagnosed as having febrile neutropenia and bacterial meningitis caused by at 23 days after unrelated cord blood transplant. In our case, the minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) of meropenem and vancomycin (VCM) were both ≤1 g/mL, whereas the MIC of daptomycin (DAP) was 4 g/mL. The patient was treated with intravenous antimicrobial therapy due to meropenem for 43 days because he had febrile neutropenia. During follow-up, the patient had no neurological complications. We retrospectively reviewed the antimicrobial susceptibility of all isolates ( = 5) from blood or cerebrospinal fluid cultures at our hospital. The MIC of VCM was <0.5 g/mL for all strains, whereas the MIC of DAP was ≥2 g/mL for all strains. The MIC of MEPM was >1 g/mL for one strain. We recommend choosing VCM as the primary treatment for invasive infections until antimicrobial susceptibility results are known, especially in immunocompromised children.
PubMed: 34567819
DOI: 10.1155/2021/9946868 -
Military Medicine Mar 2023Periprosthetic joint infection (PJI) is a rare but devastating complication of total joint arthroplasty. Identifying the offending infectious agent is essential to...
Periprosthetic joint infection (PJI) is a rare but devastating complication of total joint arthroplasty. Identifying the offending infectious agent is essential to appropriate treatment, and uncommon pathogens often lead to a diagnostic delay. This case describes the first known instance of a total knee arthroplasty (TKA) with Rothia mucilaginosa, a typical respiratory tract organism. This report aims to provide insight into the treatment of this atypical PJI, as there are only six previously published cases of Rothia species PJI septic arthritis. The patient is a 64-year-old diabetic male who underwent a right TKA and left TKA ∼6 months later. Approximately 3 weeks status post-left TKA, he showed evidence of left PJI. One year after treatment and recovery from his left PJI, he presented with several months of right knee pain and fatigue. Subsequent labs and imaging revealed right PJI. No recent history of dental disease or work was observed. He then underwent two-stage revision right knee arthroplasty and microbial cultures yielded Rothia mucilaginosa. After initial empiric treatment, antibiotic therapy was narrowed to 6 weeks of vancomycin. Following negative aspiration cultures the patient underwent reimplantation of right TKA components. One year following treatment, the patient was fully recovered with no evidence of infection. This case emphasizes the possibility of microbial persistence despite various antibiotic treatment regimens for the patient's contralateral knee arthroplasty and PJI. Additionally, this case demonstrates the importance of two-stage revision in patients with PJI, and the viability of treating Rothia species PJIs with vancomycin.
Topics: Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Arthroplasty, Replacement, Knee; Diabetes Mellitus; Prosthesis-Related Infections; Reoperation; Vancomycin
PubMed: 34050670
DOI: 10.1093/milmed/usab203 -
Archives of Microbiology Jul 2021While the impact of oral microbiome dysbiosis on autoimmune diseases has been partially investigated, its role on bullous diseases like Pemphigus Vulgaris (PV) is a...
While the impact of oral microbiome dysbiosis on autoimmune diseases has been partially investigated, its role on bullous diseases like Pemphigus Vulgaris (PV) is a totally unexplored field. This study aims to present the composition and relative abundance of microbial communities in both healthy individuals and patients with oral PV lesions. Ion Torrent was used to apply deep sequencing of the bacterial 16S rRNA gene to oral smear samples of 15 healthy subjects and 15 patients. The results showed that the most dominant phyla were Firmicutes (55.88% controls-c vs 61.27% patients-p, p value = 0.002), Proteobacteria (9.17%c vs 12.33%p, p value = 0.007) and Fusobacteria (3.39%c vs 4.09%p, p value = 0.03). Alpha diversity showed a significant difference in the number of genera between patients and controls (p value = 0.04). Beta diversity showed statistical differences in the microbial community composition between two groups. Fusobacterium nucleatum, Gemella haemolysans and Parvimonas micra were statistically abundant in patients. We noticed the characteristic fetor coming out of oral PV lesions. Most of anaerobic bacteria responsible for oral halitosis are periopathogenic. Though, only F. nucleatum and P. micra were differentially abundant in our patients. Especially, F. nucleatum has been reported many times as responsible for bad breath. Furthermore, Streptococcus salivarius and Rothia mucilaginosa, species mostly associated with clean breath, were found in relative abundance in the healthy group. Consequently, the distinct malodor observed in PV patients might be attributed either to the abundance of F. nucleatum and P. micra and/or to the lower levels of S. salivarius and R. mucilanginosa in oral lesions.
Topics: Dysbiosis; Firmicutes; Fusobacterium nucleatum; Gemella; Halitosis; High-Throughput Nucleotide Sequencing; Humans; Male; Microbiota; Micrococcaceae; Middle Aged; Mouth; Pemphigus; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; Young Adult
PubMed: 33634320
DOI: 10.1007/s00203-021-02199-5 -
Journal of Dental Research Jun 2021As the most common chronic disease in preschool children in the United States, early childhood caries (ECC) has a profound impact on a child's quality of life,...
As the most common chronic disease in preschool children in the United States, early childhood caries (ECC) has a profound impact on a child's quality of life, represents a tremendous human and economic burden to society, and disproportionately affects those living in poverty. Caries risk assessment (CRA) is a critical component of ECC management, yet the accuracy, consistency, reproducibility, and longitudinal validation of the available risk assessment techniques are lacking. Molecular and microbial biomarkers represent a potential source for accurate and reliable dental caries risk and onset. Next-generation nucleotide-sequencing technology has made it feasible to profile the composition of the oral microbiota. In the present study, 16S ribosomal RNA (rRNA) gene sequencing was applied to saliva samples that were collected at 6-mo intervals for 24 mo from a subset of 56 initially caries-free children from an ongoing cohort of 189 children, aged 1 to 3 y, over the 2-y study period; 36 children developed ECC and 20 remained caries free. Analyses from machine learning models of microbiota composition, across the study period, distinguished between affected and nonaffected groups at the time of their initial study visits with an area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) of 0.71 and discriminated ECC-converted from healthy controls at the visit immediately preceding ECC diagnosis with an AUC of 0.89, as assessed by nested cross-validation. sp., and were selected as important discriminatory features in all models and represent biomarkers of risk for ECC onset. These findings indicate that oral microbiota as profiled by high-throughput 16S rRNA gene sequencing is predictive of ECC onset.
Topics: Child, Preschool; Dental Caries; Dental Caries Susceptibility; Humans; Microbiota; Micrococcaceae; Quality of Life; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; Reproducibility of Results; Veillonella
PubMed: 33356775
DOI: 10.1177/0022034520979926 -
Cellular and Molecular Biology... Nov 2023We aimed to analyze the effect of acute exercise on oral microbiota in regularly trained swimmers. As environmental factors may affect the oral microbiota; we also aimed...
We aimed to analyze the effect of acute exercise on oral microbiota in regularly trained swimmers. As environmental factors may affect the oral microbiota; we also aimed to analyze the short-duration effect of swimming training on the oral bacteria relative difference in swimmers. Saliva samples of 20 swimmers both before and after the training were used for the oral microbiota metagenesis. The next-generation sequencing method targeting 16S rDNA gene fragments was used for genotyping. The Wilcoxon signed-rank test was used for the statistical evaluation of the taxons. The alfa diversity comparisons were assessed with the One-Way ANOVA, and the Kruskal-Wallis test was used to determine bacterial diversity. Decayed- Missed- Filled total (DMF-T) scores were the indicators of oral hygiene. A comparison of the before and after exercise microbiota of the swimmers gave rise to a statistically significant difference for Firmicutes (p=0.014) and Bacteroidetes (p=0.007) phylum; Clostridia (p=0.006) and Bacilli (p=0.048) classes; Clostridiales (p=0.004), Entomoplasmatales (p=0.009) and Bacillales (p=0.006) for ordo; Lachnospiraceae (p=0.001) family and Stenotrophomonas (p=0.013) genus. Although there were some differences within the other taxa of the bacteria, all were statistically insignificant. Streptococcus, Pseudomonas and Rothia mucilaginosa showed a correlation with the DMF-T values in swimmers. This study was the first in Turkish swimmers to investigate the relative abundance of oral microbiota. We showed that exercise within the pool water changed the oral bacteria's relative abundance. To confirm our results and clarify the effect of pool water on oral bacteria relative abundance, more studies on dietary intake should be carried out.
Topics: Analysis of Variance; Bacillus; DNA, Ribosomal; Microbiota; Water
PubMed: 38015535
DOI: 10.14715/cmb/2023.69.11.15 -
BioImpacts : BI 2022With the outbreak of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), the interaction between the host and...
With the outbreak of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), the interaction between the host and SARS-CoV-2 was widely studied. However, it is unclear whether and how SARS-CoV-2 infection affects lung microflora, which contribute to COVID-19 complications. Here, we analyzed the metatranscriptomic data of bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) of 19 COVID-19 patients and 23 healthy controls from 6 independent projects and detailed the active microbiota landscape in both healthy individuals and COVID-19 patients. The infection of SARS-CoV-2 could deeply change the lung microbiota, evidenced by the α-diversity, β-diversity, and species composition analysis based on bacterial microbiota and virome. Pathogens (e.g., causing pneumonia as well), immunomodulatory probiotics (e.g., lactic acid bacteria and , a butyrate producer), and Tobacco mosaic virus (TMV) were enriched in the COVID-19 group, suggesting a severe microbiota dysbiosis. The significant correlation between , TMV, and SARS-CoV-2 revealed drastic inflammatory battles between the host, SARS-CoV-2, and other microbes in the lungs. Notably, TMV only existed in the COVID-19 group, while human respirovirus 3 (HRV 3) only existed in the healthy group. Our study provides insights into the active microbiota in the lungs of COVID-19 patients and would contribute to the understanding of the infection mechanism of SARS-CoV-2 and the treatment of the disease and complications. SARS-COV-2 infection deeply altered the lung microbiota of COVID-19 patients. The enrichment of several other pathogens, immunomodulatory probiotics (lactic acid or butyrate producers), and TMV in the COVID-19 group suggests a complex and active lung microbiota disorder.
PubMed: 35411293
DOI: 10.34172/bi.2021.23378 -
ACS Omega Feb 2020The effective interactions of nanomaterials with biological constituents play a significant role in enhancing their biomedicinal properties. These interactions can be...
The effective interactions of nanomaterials with biological constituents play a significant role in enhancing their biomedicinal properties. These interactions can be efficiently enhanced by altering the surface properties of nanomaterials. In this study, we demonstrate the method of altering the surface properties of ZrO nanoparticles (NPs) to enhance their antimicrobial properties. To do this, the surfaces of the ZrO NPs prepared using a solvothermal method is functionalized with glutamic acid, which is an α-amino acid containing both COO and NH ions. The binding of glutamic acid (GA) on the surface of ZrO was confirmed by UV-visible and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopies, whereas the phase and morphology of resulting GA-functionalized ZrO (GA-ZrO) was identified by X-ray diffraction and transmission electron microscopy. GA stabilization has altered the surface charges of the ZrO, which enhanced the dispersion qualities of NPs in aqueous media. The as-prepared GA-ZrO NPs were evaluated for their antibacterial properties toward four strains of oral bacteria, namely, , , , and . GA-ZrO exhibited increased antimicrobial activities compared with pristine ZrO. This improved activity can be attributed to the alteration of surface charges of ZrO with GA. Consequently, the dispersion properties of GA-ZrO in the aqueous solution have increased considerably, which may have enhanced the interactions between the nanomaterial and bacteria.
PubMed: 32039336
DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.9b03840 -
New Microbes and New Infections 2022
PubMed: 35707549
DOI: 10.1016/j.nmni.2022.100984 -
Children (Basel, Switzerland) Nov 2022The role of the microbiota in the pathogenesis of arthritis is gaining increasing attention. While multiple studies have queried the intestinal microbiota, very few have...
The role of the microbiota in the pathogenesis of arthritis is gaining increasing attention. While multiple studies have queried the intestinal microbiota, very few have analyzed the contents of the oral microbiota. In this pilot study, we obtained salivary and sub-gingival specimens from a cohort of six healthy controls and five children with well-controlled spondyloarthritis (SpA) and performed 16S sequencing on bacteria obtained from both habitats. The Quantitative Insight into Microbial Ecology tool suite was used to generate operational taxonomic units, Phyloseq was used for diversity analyses, and DeSeq2 was used to compare abundances while adjusting for multiple comparisons. A repeat specimen was obtained from one subject during a flare. Clustering based upon diagnosis was observed from both habitats, with decreased alpha diversity seen within the plaque obtained from the patients vs. controls. Among the differentially abundant taxa were statistically significantly increased plaque and salivary among the patients compared to the controls. Additionally, the abundance of plaque increased in one patient at the time of a flare. Our data suggest that the oral cavity may harbor bacteria involved in the pathogenesis of spondyloarthritis; additional studies are warranted.
PubMed: 36421212
DOI: 10.3390/children9111764 -
BMC Microbiology Apr 2021Hypertension (HTN) is one of the major cardiovascular risk factors, which contributes to increasing target organ damages and cardiovascular morbidity and mortality...
BACKGROUND
Hypertension (HTN) is one of the major cardiovascular risk factors, which contributes to increasing target organ damages and cardiovascular morbidity and mortality worldwide. Isolated systolic HTN (ISH) and isolated diastolic HTN (IDH) are two important subtypes of HTN. Previous researches have demonstrated the alteration of fecal bacteria in HTN, but not down to these two sub-types. In order to identify whether the composition of bacterial taxa and functional modules shift in ISH and IDH, we performed a metagenomic sequencing analysis of fecal samples from 15 controls, 14 ISH, and 11 IDH.
RESULTS
Compared with control and ISH, IDH patients showed decreased gene number, bacterial richness, and evenness, although the bacterial alterations did not reach statistical significance in the Shannon index. Also, at the genus level, the β-diversity for intestinal flora in IDH was distinguishable from those with ISH. Furthermore, the taxonomic composition of ISH or IDH was different from that of healthy control at genus and species levels. Patients with IDH or ISH were confirmed to be enriched with Rothia mucilaginosa, along with reduced Clostridium sp. ASBs410. Lastly, the altered KEGG modules were significantly decreased in IDH compared with the control group, such as sodium transport system; while for ISH, functions relevant to biotin biosynthesis were decreased.
CONCLUSIONS
Overall, our results showed the disordered fecal bacteria profiles in subjects with ISH and especially IDH, emphasizing the significance of early intervention for IDH.
Topics: Biodiversity; Feces; Genes, Bacterial; Humans; Hypertension; Microbiota
PubMed: 33902467
DOI: 10.1186/s12866-021-02195-1