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Blood Apr 2022
Topics: Humans; Lymphoma, B-Cell, Marginal Zone; Salivary Gland Neoplasms; Salivary Glands
PubMed: 35389438
DOI: 10.1182/blood.2021012624 -
Scientific Reports Jul 2023Novel modalities, such as salivary ultrasonography (SGUS) and shear wave elastography (SWE), have previously been introduced to evaluate Sjögren's syndrome (SS)....
Novel modalities, such as salivary ultrasonography (SGUS) and shear wave elastography (SWE), have previously been introduced to evaluate Sjögren's syndrome (SS). However, in secondary SS (sSS), the diagnostic performance of SGUS and its relationship with clinicopathological characteristics have not yet been clearly defined. In this study, we aimed to investigate sSS in RA patients using SGUS and SWE and sought to determine its pathological correlations. Thirty-one RA patients who presented with sicca symptoms were included to be evaluated on SS, and were compared with 18 primary SS (pSS) patients. All subjects were assessed through SGUS, SWE, and conventional diagnostic approaches for SS, including minor salivary gland biopsy (MSGB). In SGUS evaluation, two separate scoring systems, suggested by Hocevar and OMERACT, were used. Among 31 RA patients with sicca symptoms, 19 (61.2%) were diagnosed as sSS. Similar to pSS, SGUS showed good diagnostic performance (sensitivity 68.4% and 78.9%, and specificity 91.7% and 75.0% for Hocever and OMERACT, respectively) in differentiating sSS from RA patients with simple sicca symptoms. The sSS and pSS patients exhibited significantly higher lymphoid infiltration areas in MSGB than RA patients without SS. Focus score and lymphoid infiltration areas correlated well with sonographic severity. Severity of fibrosis in MSGB showed better positive correlation with SWE than with SGUS. Similar to pSS, SGUS shows good diagnostic performance for sSS in RA patients. SWE reflects histopathologic chronicity of MSGB well in both pSS and sSS.
Topics: Humans; Sjogren's Syndrome; Salivary Glands; Ultrasonography; Salivary Glands, Minor
PubMed: 37443200
DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-38469-z -
Journal of Trace Elements in Medicine... Jul 2021The ingestion of contaminated seafood by MeHg is considered the main route of human exposure, turning the salivary gland one important target organ. The salivary glands...
BACKGROUND/AIM
The ingestion of contaminated seafood by MeHg is considered the main route of human exposure, turning the salivary gland one important target organ. The salivary glands play critical roles in maintaining oral health homeostasis, producing saliva that maintains the oral microbiota, initiation of the digestion of macromolecules, and being essential in maintaining the integrity of the adjacent soft tissues and teeth. Thus, this study aimed to investigate the effects of MeHg exposure on human salivary gland cells line.
METHODS
Cells were exposed to 1-6 μM of MeHg for 24 h, and analysis of toxicity was performed. Based on these results, the LC50 was calculated and two concentrations were chosen (0.25 and 2.5 μM MeHg) to evaluate intracellular mercury (Hg) accumulation (THg), metabolic viability and oxidative stress parameters (GSH:GSSG ratio, lipid peroxidation, protein oxidation and DNA damage).
RESULTS
The results demonstrated accumulation of THg as we increased the MeHg concentrations in the exposure and, the higher the dose, the lower is the cell metabolic response. In addition, the 2.5 μM MeHg concentration also triggered oxidative stress in human salivary gland cells by depleting the antioxidant competence of GSH:GSSG ratio and increasing lipid peroxidation and proteins carbonyl levels, but no damages to DNA integrity.
CONCLUSION
In conclusion, although these two elected doses did not show lethal effects, the highest dose triggered oxidative stress and new questionings about long-term exposure models are raised to investigate furthers cellular damages to human salivary gland cells caused by MeHg exposure to extrapolate in a translational perspective.
Topics: Cells, Cultured; Humans; Methylmercury Compounds; Oxidative Stress; Salivary Glands
PubMed: 33773279
DOI: 10.1016/j.jtemb.2021.126747 -
Cancer Cytopathology Jan 2022
Topics: Humans; Japan; Salivary Gland Neoplasms; Salivary Glands
PubMed: 34478239
DOI: 10.1002/cncy.22506 -
Clinical Rheumatology Oct 2022Our aim was to evaluate the association between salivary gland scintigraphy and the clinical parameters, including histological characteristics of salivary glands, in...
OBJECTIVES
Our aim was to evaluate the association between salivary gland scintigraphy and the clinical parameters, including histological characteristics of salivary glands, in patients with primary Sjogren's syndrome (pSS).
METHODS
Forty-one pSS patients were included in the study. The patients who had received salivary gland scintigraphy and minor salivary gland biopsy were retrospectively analyzed. Salivary gland scintigraphy was interpreted via semi-quantitative methods obtained by calculating the peak uptake and washout of each gland using regions of interest. All specimens were examined by pathologists for focus scores and leukocyte common antigen (LCA) to determine the degree of inflammatory infiltration.
RESULTS
The mean age of pSS patients was 46.4 years, 82.9% were female, and the mean duration of symptoms was 2.5 years. The focus score was negatively correlated to the mean peak uptake (r = ‒0.396; p = 0.019), mean uptake (r = ‒0.388; p = 0.021), and mean percentage washout (r = ‒0.391; p = 0.02). In addition, the focus score and number of LCA positive cells per mm were correlated with the clinical parameters including erythrocyte sedimentation rate, globulin, rheumatoid factor, unstimulated whole saliva, and stimulated whole saliva flow. The number of LCA positive cells per mm was negatively correlated to leukocytes and hemoglobin.
CONCLUSION
Although the diagnostic role of salivary gland biopsy is widely accepted and features in the classification criteria of Sjogren's syndrome, salivary gland scintigraphy may be an acceptable alternative method especially if a non-invasive test is required.
Topics: Female; Humans; Leukocyte Common Antigens; Male; Middle Aged; Radionuclide Imaging; Retrospective Studies; Rheumatoid Factor; Salivary Glands; Salivary Glands, Minor; Sjogren's Syndrome
PubMed: 35771363
DOI: 10.1007/s10067-022-06269-x -
Regenerative Medicine Mar 2020The salivary glands produce saliva, which helps in mediating the oral colonization of microbes, the repair of mucosa, the remineralization of teeth, lubrication and... (Review)
Review
The salivary glands produce saliva, which helps in mediating the oral colonization of microbes, the repair of mucosa, the remineralization of teeth, lubrication and gustation. However, certain medications, therapeutic radiation and certain autoimmune diseases can cause a reduction in the salivary flow. The aim of this report was to review and highlight the indications and techniques of salivary gland engineering to counter hyposalivation. This report concludes that in the literature, numerous strategies have been suggested and discussed pertaining to the engineering of salivary gland, however, challenges remain in terms of its production and accurate function. Dedicated efforts are required from researchers all over the world to obtain the maximum benefits from salivary gland engineering techniques.
Topics: Animals; Cell- and Tissue-Based Therapy; Humans; Salivary Gland Diseases; Salivary Glands; Tissue Engineering
PubMed: 32253995
DOI: 10.2217/rme-2019-0079 -
The British Journal of Radiology Feb 2022Xerostomia is the most common treatment-related toxicity after radiotherapy (RT) for head and neck carcinoma, reducing the quality of life of patients due to a decrease...
OBJECTIVE
Xerostomia is the most common treatment-related toxicity after radiotherapy (RT) for head and neck carcinoma, reducing the quality of life of patients due to a decrease in salivary gland function.
METHODS
Salivary gland scintigraphy was performed to quantitatively evaluate the salivary gland functions in patients undergoing RT. It was done chronologically for 62 salivary glands of 31 patients before RT and retested 12 months later.
RESULTS
The salivary gland functions of most patients deteriorated post-RT and recovered when the radiation dose to the salivary gland was not high. The mean dose to the salivary gland was found to be the most reliable factor in deteriorating salivary gland function, and the tolerance dose was determined to be 46 Gy. The recovery rate of salivary gland function after 1 year of RT was 72% in the RT alone group ( = 10), 56% in the conformal radiotherapy group ( = 15), and 44% in the bioradiotherapy group ( = 6).
CONCLUSION
Scintigraphy revealed that the salivary glands recovered from post-RT hypofunction when decreased doses were administered. The determined tolerance dose of 46 Gy may guide the approach to minimizing associated xerostomia in RT.
ADVANCES IN KNOWLEDGE
In this study, the average tolerated dose to the salivary glands was 46 Gy.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Area Under Curve; Chemoradiotherapy; Cisplatin; Female; Head and Neck Neoplasms; Humans; Lymphatic Irradiation; Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Male; Middle Aged; Parotid Gland; Positron Emission Tomography Computed Tomography; Radiation Dosage; Radiation Tolerance; Radiation-Sensitizing Agents; Radiotherapy, Intensity-Modulated; Recovery of Function; Salivary Glands; Tomography, X-Ray Computed; Xerostomia
PubMed: 34928174
DOI: 10.1259/bjr.20210718 -
Head & Neck Jun 2022Milan system for reporting salivary gland cytopathology (MSRSGC) was introduced to standardize reporting of salivary gland cytopathology.
BACKGROUND
Milan system for reporting salivary gland cytopathology (MSRSGC) was introduced to standardize reporting of salivary gland cytopathology.
METHODS
A retrospective review of ultrasound-guided fine needle biopsy of salivary gland lesions was performed between January 2018 and May 2021 at a community otolaryngology practice. Diagnostic accuracy and rate of diagnostic sialoadenectomy were calculated.
RESULTS
A total of 203 FNAs (fine needle aspiration) were performed in 184 patients. MSRSGC was utilized in 87/203 cytopathology reports, with a diagnostic accuracy of 84%. Descriptive reporting was used in 115 FNAs, with a diagnostic accuracy of 89% (p = 0.68). Sialoadenectomy rate was 41% for MSRSGC compared to 36% in descriptive cytopathology (p = 0.48).
CONCLUSIONS
MSRSGC is as accurate as descriptive cytopathology and the rate of diagnostic sialoadenectomy between both groups is similar in our community. The MSRSGC brings uniformity and standardization to the FNA reporting process.
Topics: Biopsy, Fine-Needle; Humans; Image-Guided Biopsy; Retrospective Studies; Salivary Gland Neoplasms; Salivary Glands
PubMed: 35388941
DOI: 10.1002/hed.27052 -
Head and Neck Pathology Mar 2023Oncocytes are a component of many metaplastic and neoplastic lesions throughout the head and neck area, primarily originating in salivary/seromucinous glands and the... (Review)
Review
BACKGROUND
Oncocytes are a component of many metaplastic and neoplastic lesions throughout the head and neck area, primarily originating in salivary/seromucinous glands and the thyroid gland. In addition, other lesions can contain cells that mimic oncocytes (pseudo-oncocytes); these can be of epithelial or non-epithelial origin.
METHODS
Review article.
RESULTS
Oncocytic metaplasia is common in seromucinous glands throughout the upper aerodigestive tract, most notable in the oral cavity, nasopharynx and larynx. The main oncocytic salivary gland neoplasms are Warthin tumor and oncocytoma. Infarction of Warthin tumor may lead to recognition difficulties. Oncocytic subtypes of mucoepidermoid carcinoma and intraductal carcinoma have morphologic and immunohistochemical features that allow distinction from major oncocytic entities. Oncocytic thyroid tumors include adenoma, carcinoma (follicular, papillary and medullary), along with poorly differentiated tumors. Oncocytic papillary sinonasal and middle ear tumors must be distinguished from low grade adenocarcinomas. Pseudo-oncocytic entities include paraganglioma, Langerhans cell histiocytosis, giant cell tumor, rhabdomyoma, and metastatic tumors.
CONCLUSIONS
Correct diagnosis of oncocytic head and neck lesions requires a knowledge of the spectrum of possible entities, their characteristic sites of occurrence, architecture, histomorphology, and immunohistochemistry. Oncocytic subtypes of several newly described entities are now recognized. Both epithelial and non-epithelial mimics of oncocytes exist. The molecular features of oncocytic tumors can be helpful in their diagnosis and understanding their pathogenesis.
Topics: Humans; Oxyphil Cells; Adenolymphoma; Salivary Gland Neoplasms; Salivary Glands; Adenoma, Oxyphilic
PubMed: 36928735
DOI: 10.1007/s12105-022-01520-y -
Rheumatology (Oxford, England) May 2022The involvement of salivary glands in primary SS (pSS) can be assessed in different ways: histopathology, salivary flow and ultrasonography. To understand the relative...
OBJECTIVE
The involvement of salivary glands in primary SS (pSS) can be assessed in different ways: histopathology, salivary flow and ultrasonography. To understand the relative value of these different approaches, it is crucial to understand the relationship between them. As we routinely perform these three modalities in the parotid gland for disease evaluation, our aim was to investigate the construct validity between these modalities in one and the same gland.
METHODS
Consecutive sicca patients underwent a multidisciplinary diagnostic workup including parotid gland biopsy, collection of parotid gland-specific saliva and parotid gland ultrasonography. Patients who were classified as pSS according to the ACR-EULAR criteria were included. Construct validity was assessed using Spearman's correlation coefficients.
RESULTS
The 41 included pSS patients completed a full workup within a mean time interval of 2.6 months. Correlations between histopathological features and stimulated parotid salivary flow were fair (ρ = -0.123 for focus score and ρ = -0.259 for percentage of CD45+ infiltrate). Likewise, poor correlations were observed between stimulated parotid salivary flow and parotid ultrasonography (ρ = -0.196). Moderate to good associations were found between the histopathological items focus score and the percentage of CD45+ infiltrate, with parotid US scores (total US score: ρ = 0.510 and ρ = 0.560; highest for homogeneity: ρ = 0.574 and ρ = 0.633).
CONCLUSION
Although pSS-associated ultrasonographic findings did correlate with histopathological features, the three modalities that evaluate salivary gland involvement assess different (or at best partly related) constructs. Therefore histopathology, salivary flow and ultrasonography are complementary measurements and cannot directly replace each other in the workup of pSS.
Topics: Humans; Parotid Gland; Saliva; Salivary Glands; Sjogren's Syndrome; Ultrasonography
PubMed: 34672336
DOI: 10.1093/rheumatology/keab781