-
Current Molecular Pharmacology 2022In coronavirus disease 2019 (Covid-19), SARS-CoV-2 may use dipeptidyl peptidase 4 (DPP4) as an entry-point in different tissues expressing these receptors. DPP4...
OBJECTIVES
In coronavirus disease 2019 (Covid-19), SARS-CoV-2 may use dipeptidyl peptidase 4 (DPP4) as an entry-point in different tissues expressing these receptors. DPP4 inhibitors (DPP4Is), also named gliptins, like sitagliptin, have anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects, thereby lessen inflammatory and oxidative stress in diabetic Covid-19 patients. Therefore, the present study aimed to illustrate the potential beneficial effect of sitagliptin in managing Covid-19 in non-diabetic patients.
METHODS
A total number of 89 patients with Covid-19 were recruited from a single center at the time of diagnosis. The recruited patients were assigned according to the standard therapy for Covid-19 and our interventional therapy into two groups; Group A: Covid-19 patients on the standard therapy (n=40) and Group B: Covid-19 patients on the standard therapy plus sitagliptin (n=49). The duration of this interventional study was 28 days according to the guideline in managing patients with Covid-19. Routine laboratory investigations, serological tests, Complete Blood Count (CBC), C-reactive Protein (CRP), D-dimer, lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), and serum ferritin were measured to observed Covid-19 severity and complications. Lung Computed Tomography (CT) and clinical scores were evaluated.
RESULTS
The present study illustrated that sitagliptin as an add-on to standard therapy improved clinical outcomes, radiological scores, and inflammatory biomarkers than standard therapy alone in non-diabetic patients with Covid-19 (P<0.01).
CONCLUSION
Sitagliptin as an add-on to standard therapy in managing non-diabetic Covid-19 patients may have a robust beneficial effect by modulating inflammatory cytokines with subsequent good clinical outcomes.
Topics: Diabetes Mellitus; Dipeptidyl-Peptidase IV Inhibitors; Humans; SARS-CoV-2; Sitagliptin Phosphate; COVID-19 Drug Treatment
PubMed: 34477540
DOI: 10.2174/1874467214666210902115650 -
Frontiers in Endocrinology 2022Type 2 diabetes is more common in adults, but is becoming the major concern in children and adolescent recently. This study aimed to provide additional pharmaceutical... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis
OBJECTIVE
Type 2 diabetes is more common in adults, but is becoming the major concern in children and adolescent recently. This study aimed to provide additional pharmaceutical management for children and adolescents with type 2 diabetes by assessing the efficacy and safety of several glucose-lowering drugs.
METHODS
Searches were performed in PubMed, Medline, Ovid, Cochrane Controlled Register of Trials (CENTRAL), and ClinicalTrials.gov that reported the efficacy and safety of drugs for children and adolescents with type 2 diabetes. Pooled effects were calculated by frequentist fixed effects network meta-analyses and additive network meta-analyses.
RESULTS
A total of 12 trials assessing eight glucose-lowering drugs were included, which compose of seven trials with monotherapy and five trials with combination therapies. Network meta-analysis results showed compared to placebo, saxagliptin+metformin (mean difference (MD) -1.91% [-2.85%, -0.97%]), liraglutide+metformin (MD -1.45% [-1.65%, -1.26%]), and liraglutide (MD -0.90% [-1.35%, -0.45%]) were the top 3 drugs that significantly reduced hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c). Sitagliptin+metformin, dapagliflozin, exenatide-2mcg, linagliptin-5mg, metformin, exenatide-5/10mcg, glimepiride, and sitagliptin also showed significant reduction in HbA1c. There were no significant differences between treatments in the incidence of adverse events, except that liraglutide+metformin had significant adverse effect such as abdominal pain. In addition, dapagliflozin, sitagliptin+metformin, and saxagliptin+metformin showed better efficacy compared with FDA-approved drugs.
CONCLUSIONS
The top 10 treatments of type 2 diabetes in children and adolescents aged 10-17 years were saxagliptin+metformin, liraglutide+metformin, liraglutide, dapagliflozin, exenatide-2 mcg, sitagliptin+metformin, linagliptin-5 mg, linagliptin-1 mg, metformin, and exenatide-5/10 mcg.
SYSTEMATIC REVIEW REGISTRATION
https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/display_record.php?RecordID=284897, identifier CRD42021284897.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Child; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Exenatide; Glucose; Glycated Hemoglobin; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Linagliptin; Liraglutide; Metformin; Network Meta-Analysis; Sitagliptin Phosphate
PubMed: 36034458
DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2022.897776 -
Annals of Medicine 2023The emergence of genetically-modified human proteins and glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) receptor agonists have presented a promising strategy for effectively managing... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis
Comparative efficacy and safety profile of once-weekly Semaglutide versus once-daily Sitagliptin as an add-on to metformin in patients with type 2 diabetes: a systematic review and meta-analysis.
BACKGROUND
The emergence of genetically-modified human proteins and glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) receptor agonists have presented a promising strategy for effectively managing diabetes. Due to the scarcity of clinical trials focusing on the safety and efficacy of semaglutide as an adjunctive treatment for patients with type 2 diabetes who had inadequate glycemic control with metformin, we conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis. This was necessary to fill the gap and provide a comprehensive assessment of semaglutide compared to sitagliptin, a commonly prescribed DPP-4 inhibitor, in this patient population.
METHODS
A comprehensive and systematic search was carried out on reputable databases including PubMed, the Cochrane Library, and Elsevier's ScienceDirect to identify relevant studies that compared the efficacy of once-weekly Semaglutide with once-daily Sitagliptin in individuals diagnosed with type 2 diabetes mellitus. The analysis of the gathered data was performed utilizing the random-effects model, which considers both within-study and between-study variations.
RESULTS
The meta-analysis incorporated three randomized controlled trials (RCTs), encompassing 2401 participants, with a balanced distribution across the treatment groups. The primary focus of the study revolved around evaluating changes in HbA1C, blood pressure, pulse rate, body weight, waist circumference, and BMI. The findings revealed that once-weekly Semaglutide showed substantially improved HbA1C (WMD: -0.98; 95% CI: -1.28, -0.69, p-value: < 0.0001; I2: 100%), systolic (WMD: -3.73; 95% CI: -5.42, -2.04, p-value: <0.0001; I2: 100%) and diastolic blood pressures (WMD: -0.66; 95% CI: -1.02, -0.29, p-value: 0.0005; I2: 100%), and body weight (WMD: -3.17; 95% CI: -3.84, -2.49, p-value: <0.00001; I2: 100%) compared to once-daily Sitagliptin. However, there was an observed increase in pulse rate (WMD: 3.33; 95% CI: 1.61, 5.06, p-value: <0.00001; I2: 100%) associated with Semaglutide treatment. Regarding secondary outcomes, there was an elevated risk of total adverse events and premature treatment discontinuation with Semaglutide. The risk of serious, severe, moderate, and mild adverse events did not significantly differ between the two treatments.
CONCLUSIONS
In conclusion, the administration of once-weekly Semaglutide exhibited a substantial reduction in HbA1c, average systolic blood pressure (SBP), mean diastolic blood pressure (DBP), body weight, waist circumference, body mass index (BMI), and a rise in pulse rate, as opposed to the once-daily administration of Sitagliptin.
Topics: Humans; Metformin; Sitagliptin Phosphate; Glycated Hemoglobin; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Hypoglycemic Agents; Body Weight
PubMed: 37498865
DOI: 10.1080/07853890.2023.2239830 -
Diabetes, Obesity & Metabolism Jul 2023In patients with type 2 diabetes who were inadequately controlled with metformin and sulphonylurea, we compared the glucose-lowering efficacy, cardiometabolic parameters... (Randomized Controlled Trial)
Randomized Controlled Trial
OBJECTIVE
In patients with type 2 diabetes who were inadequately controlled with metformin and sulphonylurea, we compared the glucose-lowering efficacy, cardiometabolic parameters and safety of two drugs, ipragliflozin, a sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 inhibitor, and sitagliptin, a dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitor. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Patients with 7.5%-9.0% glycated haemoglobin treated with metformin and sulphonylurea were randomly assigned to ipragliflozin (50 mg, n = 70) or sitagliptin (100 mg, n = 70) therapy for 24 weeks. Measures of glycaemic control, fatty liver indices, other metabolic parameters and subclinical atherosclerosis were compared by a paired t-test before and after 24 weeks of treatment.
RESULTS
Mean glycated haemoglobin levels decreased from 8.5% to 7.5% in the ipragliflozin group and from 8.5% to 7.8% in the sitagliptin group, resulting in a 0.34% between-group difference (95% confidence interval, 0.10%-0.43%, p = .088). Fasting and postprandial 2-h glucose levels also showed a similar trend, with a greater reduction with ipragliflozin therapy. An increase of over 70% in ketone levels and a decrease in whole body and abdominal fat masses were observed with ipragliflozin treatment. Fatty liver indices also improved with ipragliflozin treatment. Despite no difference in carotid intima-media thickness and ankle-brachial index, ipragliflozin therapy improved flow-mediated vasodilation, reflecting endothelial function, while sitagliptin did not. The safety profile did not differ between the two groups.
CONCLUSIONS
Ipragliflozin add-on therapy can be a viable option for better glycaemic control with multiple vascular and metabolic benefits in patients with type 2 diabetes who are inadequately controlled with metformin and sulphonylurea.
Topics: Humans; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Sitagliptin Phosphate; Metformin; Glycated Hemoglobin; Carotid Intima-Media Thickness; Blood Glucose; Sodium-Glucose Transporter 2 Inhibitors; Treatment Outcome; Hypoglycemic Agents; Dipeptidyl-Peptidase IV Inhibitors; Sulfonylurea Compounds; Drug Therapy, Combination; Fatty Liver
PubMed: 36932823
DOI: 10.1111/dom.15056 -
Journal of Environmental Science and... 2023Methotrexate (MTX), a cytotoxic chemotherapeutic and immunosuppressant agent, is widely used in the treatment of autoimmune diseases and different types of cancers....
Methotrexate (MTX), a cytotoxic chemotherapeutic and immunosuppressant agent, is widely used in the treatment of autoimmune diseases and different types of cancers. However, its use has been limited by its life-threatening side effects, including nephrotoxicity and hepatotoxicity. The purpose of this study was to investigate the protective effect of sitagliptin on methotrexate (MTX)-induced nephrotoxicity in rats. Twenty-four rats were divided into four groups: control group, which received the vehicle for 6 days; MTX group, which received a single dose of MTX, followed by five daily doses of vehicle dosing; MTX + sitagliptin group, which received a single dose of MTX 1 h after the first sitagliptin treatment and six daily doses of sitagliptin; and sitagliptin group, which received sitagliptin for 6 days. Both MTX and sitagliptin were given as intraperitoneal injections at a dose of 20 mg/kg body weight. All rats were euthanized on the seventh day of the study. Kidney tissues were harvested and blood samples were collected. Serum levels of blood urea nitrogen (BUN) and creatinine were evaluated. Furthermore, catalase, glutathione peroxidase, superoxide dismutase activities, and malondialdehyde (MDA) levels were determined in kidney tissue. In addition, histopathological analysis was conducted. Histopathological evaluation showed that MTX-induced marked kidney injury. Biochemical analysis revealed a significant increase of BUN and creatinine in the serum of the MTX group. Furthermore, oxidative stress and depressed antioxidant system of the kidney tissues were evident in the MTX group. Sitagliptin did not affect these endpoints when administered alone, but it significantly attenuated the observed MTX-induced effects. These results suggest that sitagliptin exhibits potent anti-oxidant properties against the nephrotoxicity induced by MTX in rats.
Topics: Rats; Animals; Methotrexate; Sitagliptin Phosphate; Creatinine; Antioxidants; Kidney; Renal Insufficiency
PubMed: 37010136
DOI: 10.1080/26896583.2023.2186683 -
Diabetes, Obesity & Metabolism Aug 2023To compare the effects of baseline background characteristics in patients treated with dapagliflozin and sitagliptin in the DIVERSITY-CVR study and to analyse the time... (Comparative Study)
Comparative Study Randomized Controlled Trial
Comparison of the effects of sitagliptin and dapagliflozin on time in range in Japanese patients with type 2 diabetes stratified by body mass index: A sub-analysis of the DIVERSITY-CVR study.
AIMS
To compare the effects of baseline background characteristics in patients treated with dapagliflozin and sitagliptin in the DIVERSITY-CVR study and to analyse the time in range (TIR), a metric for glycaemic control.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
This prospective, randomized, multicentre study included 340 Japanese patients with early-stage type 2 diabetes. To examine the effects of dapagliflozin and sitagliptin on glycaemic variability, we re-examined the primary endpoint (glycated haemoglobin [HbA1c] < 7.0%, body weight loss ≥ 3.0%, and avoidance of hypoglycaemia) achievement rate in participants stratified by baseline background characteristics.
RESULTS
Sitagliptin was significantly superior in achieving HbA1c level <7.0% in the lower body mass index (BMI) group (71.1% vs. 43.6%; P < 0.05), with no significant differences in other subgroups. In the lower BMI group, the rate of achievement of TIR > 70% after 24-week treatment was significantly higher with sitagliptin than with dapagliflozin (91.9% vs. 69.4%; P < 0.05). In contrast, dapagliflozin was superior to sitagliptin in achieving TIR > 70% in the higher BMI group (85.7% vs. 52.9%; P < 0.01).
CONCLUSION
In Japanese patients with early-stage type 2 diabetes, sitagliptin was associated with improved TIR in patients with a lower BMI. Dapagliflozin was effective in patients with a higher BMI.
Topics: Humans; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Drug Therapy, Combination; East Asian People; Glycated Hemoglobin; Hypoglycemic Agents; Prospective Studies; Sitagliptin Phosphate; Treatment Outcome; Weight Loss
PubMed: 37046361
DOI: 10.1111/dom.15089 -
Biochemical Pharmacology Aug 2023Asymmetric dimethylarginine (ADMA), an endogenous inhibitor of nitric oxide (NO) synthesis, is a risk factor for endothelial dysfunction, a common pathophysiological...
The effect of exenatide (a GLP-1 analogue) and sitagliptin (a DPP-4 inhibitor) on asymmetric dimethylarginine (ADMA) metabolism and selected biomarkers of cardiac fibrosis in rats with fructose-induced metabolic syndrome.
Asymmetric dimethylarginine (ADMA), an endogenous inhibitor of nitric oxide (NO) synthesis, is a risk factor for endothelial dysfunction, a common pathophysiological denominator for both atherogenesis and cardiac fibrosis. We aimed to investigate whether the cardioprotective and antifibrotic effects of incretin drugs, exenatide and sitagliptin, may be associated with their ability to affect circulating and cardiac ADMA metabolism. Normal and fructose-fed rats were treated with sitagliptin (5.0/10 mg/kg) or exenatide (5/10 µg/kg) for 4 weeks. The following methods were used: LC-MS/MS, ELISA, Real-Time-PCR, colorimetry, IHC and H&E staining, PCA and OPLS-DA projections. Eight-week fructose feeding resulted in an increase in plasma ADMA and a decrease in NO concentration. Exenatide administration into fructose-fed rats reduced the plasma ADMA level and increased NO level. In the heart of these animals exenatide administration increased NO and PRMT1 level, reduced TGF-ß1, α-SMA levels and COL1A1 expression. In the exenatide treated rats renal DDAH activity positively correlated with plasma NO level and negatively with plasma ADMA level and cardiac α-SMA concentration. Sitagliptin treatment of fructose-fed rats increased plasma NO concentration, reduced circulating SDMA level, increased renal DDAH activity and reduced myocardial DDAH activity. Both drugs attenuated the myocardial immunoexpression of Smad2/3/P and perivascular fibrosis. In the metabolic syndrome condition both sitagliptin and exenatide positively modulated cardiac fibrotic remodeling and circulating level of endogenous NOS inhibitors but had no effects on ADMA levels in the myocardium.
Topics: Rats; Animals; Sitagliptin Phosphate; Dipeptidyl-Peptidase IV Inhibitors; Exenatide; Metabolic Syndrome; Fructose; Chromatography, Liquid; Tandem Mass Spectrometry; Hypoglycemic Agents; Fibrosis; Arginine; Protease Inhibitors; Biomarkers; Glucagon-Like Peptide 1; Amidohydrolases; Nitric Oxide
PubMed: 37290595
DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2023.115637 -
European Review For Medical and... Aug 2023This study aimed to compare 12.5 mg empagliflozin effectiveness and safety vs. 50 mg sitagliptin twice daily as an add-on triple medication in Egyptians with type 2... (Randomized Controlled Trial)
Randomized Controlled Trial
Adding empagliflozin to sitagliptin plus metformin vs. adding sitagliptin to empagliflozin plus metformin as triple therapy in Egyptian patients with type 2 diabetes: a 12-week open trial.
OBJECTIVE
This study aimed to compare 12.5 mg empagliflozin effectiveness and safety vs. 50 mg sitagliptin twice daily as an add-on triple medication in Egyptians with type 2 diabetes.
PATIENTS AND METHODS
Patients with hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) between 53 and 86 mmol/mol after receiving open-label either sitagliptin 50 mg (n = 85) or empagliflozin 12.5 mg (n = 85) twice daily for 12 weeks were afterward taken into account for the administration of open-label empagliflozin 12.5 mg (n = 40) and sitagliptin 50 mg (n = 28) respectively twice daily for another 12 weeks of treatment as an added-on triple therapy. Both groups of patients kept taking metformin and empagliflozin 12.5 mg or sitagliptin 50 mg twice daily as prescribed. The HbA1c change from baseline after 12 weeks of triple-added-on therapy was the main endpoint.
RESULTS
The sitagliptin group receiving empagliflozin saw a substantial drop in HbA1c, fasting and postprandial plasma glucose levels, body weight, and blood pressure compared to the starting point. As opposed to that, adding sitagliptin to the empagliflozin group non-significantly reduced HbA1c, fasting, and postprandial plasma glucose levels, and systolic blood pressure from baseline but significantly reduced body weight and diastolic blood pressure. Comparing the two groups, adding empagliflozin significantly reduced HbA1c, fasting, and postprandial plasma glucose levels (p < 0.001 for all except fasting plasma glucose level, p = 0.002). While the patient's weight and blood pressure were not significantly affected.
CONCLUSIONS
Empagliflozin was superior to sitagliptin in relation to glycemic control, weight, and systolic/diastolic blood pressure reduction.
Topics: Humans; Blood Glucose; Body Weight; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Egypt; Glycated Hemoglobin; Metformin; Sitagliptin Phosphate
PubMed: 37606137
DOI: 10.26355/eurrev_202308_33300 -
Frontiers in Endocrinology 2023As a popular antidiabetic drug, teneligliptin has been used for over 10 years, but its efficacy and safety have rarely been systematically evaluated. Therefore, a... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis
BACKGROUND
As a popular antidiabetic drug, teneligliptin has been used for over 10 years, but its efficacy and safety have rarely been systematically evaluated. Therefore, a Bayesian network meta-analysis was conducted to evaluate the efficacy and safety of teneligliptin in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM).
METHODS
We systematically searched PubMed, Web of Science, Embase, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, and ClinicalTrials.gov. Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) comparing teneligliptin with placebo or active comparators in T2DM patients for at least 12 weeks were included in the study. Data analysis was performed using R 4.2.3 and Stata 17.0 software. Each outcome was presented as a mean difference (MD) or an odds ratio (OR) along with 95% confidence interval (CI) and the surface under the cumulative ranking curve value (SUCRA).
RESULTS
A total of 18 RCTs with 3,290 participants with T2DM were included in this study. Generally, compared to placebo, sitagliptin, vildagliptin, metformin, and bromocriptine, 20 mg of teneligliptin showed better efficacy in reducing HbA1c (MD [95% CI], -0.78 [-0.86 to -0.70], -0.08 [-0.36 to 0.19], -0.04 [-0.72 to 0.60], -0.12 [-0.65 to 0.42], and -0.50 [-0.74 to -0.26], respectively) and fasting plasma glucose (FPG) (MD [95% CI], -18.02 [-20.64 to -15.13], 1.17 [-9.39 to 11.70], -8.06 [-30.95 to 14.35], -2.75 [-18.89 to 13.01], and -34.23 [-45.93 to -22.96], respectively), and 40 mg of teneligliptin also showed better efficacy in reducing HbA1c (MD [95% CI], -0.84 [-1.03 to -0.65], -0.15 [-0.49 to 0.19], -0.10 [-0.81 to 0.57], -0.18 [-0.76 to 0.39], and -0.56 [-0.88 to -0.26], respectively) and FPG (MD [95% CI], -20.40 [-26.07 to -14.57], -1.20 [-13.21 to 10.38], -10.43 [-34.16 to 12.65], -5.13 [-22.21 to 11.66], and -36.61 [-49.33 to -24.01], respectively). Compared to placebo, 20 mg of teneligliptin showed no significant difference in incidences of hypoglycemia and gastrointestinal adverse events (OR [95% CI], 1.30 [0.70 to 2.19] and 1.48 [0.78 to 2.98], respectively), and 40 mg of teneligliptin showed no significant difference in incidence of hypoglycemia (OR [95% CI], 2.63 [0.46 to 8.10]). Generally, antidiabetic effect and hypoglycemia risk of teneligliptin gradually increased as its dose increased from 5 mg to 40 mg. Compared to 20 mg of teneligliptin, 40 mg of teneligliptin showed superior efficacy and no-inferior safety, which was considered as the best option in reducing HbA1c, FPG, and 2h PPG and increasing proportion of the patients achieving HbA1c < 7% (SUCRA, 85.51%, 84.24%, 79.06%, and 85.81%, respectively) among all the included interventions.
CONCLUSION
Compared to sitagliptin, vildagliptin, metformin, bromocriptine, and placebo, teneligliptin displayed favorable efficacy and acceptable safety in treating T2DM. Twenty milligrams or 40 mg per day was the optimal dosage regimen of teneligliptin. The results of this study will provide important evidence-based basis for rational use of teneligliptin and clinical decision-making of T2DM medication.
Topics: Humans; Bromocriptine; Glycated Hemoglobin; Network Meta-Analysis; Vildagliptin; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Metformin; Sitagliptin Phosphate; Hypoglycemic Agents; Hypoglycemia
PubMed: 38189048
DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2023.1282584 -
Bioscience Reports Jul 2019Patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) have a very high risk of cardiovascular related events, and reducing complications is an important evaluation criterion of... (Review)
Review
Patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) have a very high risk of cardiovascular related events, and reducing complications is an important evaluation criterion of efficacy and safety of hypoglycemic drugs. Previous studies have shown that the dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) inhibitors (DPP4i), such as sitagliptin, might reduce the incidence of major cardiovascular events (MACEs). However, the safety and efficacy of sitagliptin remains controversial, especially the safety for cardiovascular related events. Here, a systematic review was conducted to assess the cardiovascular safety of sitagliptin in T2DM patients. The literature research dating up to October 2018 was performed in the electronic database. The clinical trials about sitagliptin for T2DM patients were included. Two reviewers independently screened literature according to the inclusion and exclusion criteria. The primary outcome was the MACE, and the secondary outcome was all-cause mortality. Finally, 32 clinical trials composed of 16082 T2DM patients were included in this meta-analysis. The results showed that: there was no significant difference between sitagliptin group and the control group on MACE (odds ratio (OR) = 0.85, 95% confidence intervals (CIs) = 0.63-1.15), myocardial infarction (MI) (OR = 0.66, 95% CI = 0.38-1.16), stroke (OR = 0.83, 95% CI = 0.44-1.54) and mortality (OR = 0.52, 95% CI = 0.26-1.07). These results demonstrated that sitagliptin did not increase the risk of cardiovascular events in patients with T2DM.
Topics: Cardiovascular Abnormalities; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Female; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Male; Myocardial Infarction; Risk Factors; Sitagliptin Phosphate; Stroke
PubMed: 31262972
DOI: 10.1042/BSR20190980