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Cutis Aug 2019Linear basal cell carcinoma (LBCC) is a rare morphologic variant of basal cell carcinoma. We report a case of a patient with a recurrent linear lesion on the... (Review)
Review
Linear basal cell carcinoma (LBCC) is a rare morphologic variant of basal cell carcinoma. We report a case of a patient with a recurrent linear lesion on the supraclavicular neck with prior repeated mild trauma to the area. The patient was diagnosed with recurrent LBCC after a prior excision of an LBCC in the same area. A review of the literature was performed, and the demographics, anatomic location, histologic subtype, treatment methods, and frequency of recurrence for all reported cases of LBCC were summarized. Because of the likelihood of subclinical spread, LBCC should be regarded as a high-risk subtype. As such, Mohs micrographic surgery or excision with complete circumferential peripheral and deep margin assessment is recommended as first-line treatment.
Topics: Carcinoma, Basal Cell; Head and Neck Neoplasms; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Mohs Surgery; Neoplasm Recurrence, Local; Skin Neoplasms
PubMed: 31603954
DOI: No ID Found -
PeerJ 2022Surfing and swimming are two popular outdoor aquatic activities in Australia with an estimated 2.7 million surfers and three million swimmers; however, these activities...
BACKGROUND
Surfing and swimming are two popular outdoor aquatic activities in Australia with an estimated 2.7 million surfers and three million swimmers; however, these activities are associated with intermittent exposure to ultraviolet radiation. Our aim was to determine the point prevalence of pre-skin cancer (actinic keratosis (PSC)), non-melanoma (NMSC) and melanoma skin cancers (MSC) in Australian surfers and swimmers.
METHODS
This cross-sectional study involved Australian surfers who completed a survey that included physiological demographics, aquatic activity-specific demographics, history of skin cancer followed by screening.
RESULTS
A total of 171 surfers ( = 116) and swimmers ( = 55) participated in the study. Both groups were identified as having a history of skin cancer (surfers 41.4%, swimmers 36.4%) and a family history of skin cancer (surfers 52.6%, swimmers 43.6%). The majority of both groups reported using a high percentage of a chemical or physical skin cancer prevention strategy (surfers 100%, Swimmers 92.7%, = 0.003). Significantly more surfers were identified with a skin cancer of any type . swimmers (50% . 27.3%; OR 2.67; = 0.005) with most the common skin cancer being PSC (44.7% . 11.3%, = 0.076) followed by basal cell carcinoma (BCC) (24.2% . 7.6%, = 0.068). There was a total of seven MSC identified in surfers and swimmers (4.6% . 0.8%, respectively, = 0.137). Most skin cancers in surfers were located on the face (28.0%) followed by the arm and back (12.1% each), whereas in swimmers, the majority of skin cancers were identified on the face (17.3%), followed by the arm and lower leg (15.4% each). The highest number of melanomas were identified in surfers ( = 6) and mainly located on the face ( = 2) and back ( = 2). There was a single melanoma identified on the back in a swimmer. With the groups combined, the majority (42.9%) of melanomas were identified on the back in participants, followed by the face (28.6%). Rates per 100,000 of NMSC and MSC in surfers and swimmers (respectively) were BCC (11,206 . 14,545), squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) (13,793 . 12,727), SCC (1,724 . 3,636) and MSC (5,172 . 1,818). When compared to the general Australian population, surfers and swimmers had higher odds ratios (OR), which included BCCs (OR 7.3 and 9.4, respectively), SCCs (OR 1.7 and 3.5, respectively) and MSC (OR 96.7 and 18.8, respectively).
CONCLUSION
Surfers and swimmers had consistently higher rates of PSC, NMSC and MSC than the general Australian population. Point prevalence of MSC (groups combined) was 76-fold higher than the general Australian population. These findings highlight the clinical importance of regular skin cancer screenings in individuals who surf or swim for early detection and treatment of skin cancer. Additionally, these aquatic enthusiasts should be advised of the benefits of sun protection strategies such as chemical and physical barriers to reduce the likelihood of developing skin cancer.
Topics: Humans; New South Wales; Queensland; Prevalence; Ultraviolet Rays; Cross-Sectional Studies; Australia; Skin Neoplasms; Carcinoma, Basal Cell; Carcinoma, Squamous Cell; Swimming; Melanoma, Cutaneous Malignant
PubMed: 35505675
DOI: 10.7717/peerj.13243 -
Journal of Cutaneous Pathology Feb 2021Dermatofibroma (DF) is a common benign skin neoplasm. Induction above DF lesions, including follicular unit induction, is a frequently observed phenomenon. Wnt signaling...
BACKGROUND
Dermatofibroma (DF) is a common benign skin neoplasm. Induction above DF lesions, including follicular unit induction, is a frequently observed phenomenon. Wnt signaling is known to be critical in hair follicle morphogenesis. Our study assesses the role of Wnt signaling in DF induction by evaluating intracellular localization of β-catenin in various types of DF induction.
METHODS
Archived tissue collected between 1 October 1980 and 1 October 2013 was stained per protocol using hematoxylin and eosin and anti-β-catenin monoclonal antibody. Specimens were grouped into categories based on the presence or absence and type of induction. All specimens were scored for nuclear β-catenin localization.
RESULTS
Of 62 specimens, 42 (68%) showed induction while 20 (32%) showed none. Nuclear β-catenin staining was detected in 23 (55%) of the induction and in none of the no-induction specimens (P-value < 0.001). Types of induction included: 15 (24%) follicular induction, 31 (50%) acanthosis, and 4 (6%) sebaceous induction. For follicular induction, 13 (87%) showed positive nuclear β-catenin staining compared to 11 (35%) for acanthosis and 1 (25%) for sebaceous induction (P-value = 0.002).
CONCLUSION
Our findings support the hypothesis that DFs promote an ectopic activation of Wnt pathway signaling in follicular induction phenomenon.
Topics: Female; Histiocytoma, Benign Fibrous; Humans; Male; Neoplasm Proteins; Skin Neoplasms; Wnt Signaling Pathway; beta Catenin
PubMed: 32767564
DOI: 10.1111/cup.13837 -
Clinical and Experimental Dermatology Aug 2021Microcystic adnexal carcinoma (MAC) is a rare skin neoplasm that has not been characterized on a molecular basis.
BACKGROUND
Microcystic adnexal carcinoma (MAC) is a rare skin neoplasm that has not been characterized on a molecular basis.
AIM
To assess expression profiles of Hedgehog (HH) signalling molecules in MAC and control tumours.
METHODS
Immunohistochemistry was performed for Sonic Hedgehog (SHH), Indian Hedgehog (IHH), Patched 1 (PTCH1) and Smoothened (SMO) on patient MAC tissue (n = 26) and control tumour tissue, including syringoma (SyG; n = 11), trichoepithelioma (TE; n = 11) and basal cell carcinoma (BCC; n = 12) tissues.
RESULTS
Patched 1 and SMO immunoreactivity was significantly higher in BCC than in SyG, TE or MAC (P < 0.001 and P < 0.03, respectively). The highest IHH expression was observed in BCC and TE compared with SyG and MAC (P < 0.04). Notably, the highest SHH protein expression was observed in SyG compared with MAC, TE and even BCC (P < 0.001). In patients with MAC, SMO immunoreactivity significantly (r = 0.51; P < 0.01) correlated with PTCH1 expression. Further correlation studies did not show significant associations between the HH expression markers assessed (P > 0.05).
CONCLUSION
Our results indicate that alterations of the HH signalling are unlikely to play a major role in the pathogenesis of MAC, which is in contrast to the morphologically similar BCC and TE. Our observation provides additional information to the limited molecular pathology knowledge on this rare tumour.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Facial Neoplasms; Female; Head and Neck Neoplasms; Hedgehog Proteins; Humans; Immunohistochemistry; Male; Middle Aged; Neoplasms, Adnexal and Skin Appendage; Signal Transduction; Skin Neoplasms
PubMed: 33714217
DOI: 10.1111/ced.14634 -
Journal of Drugs in Dermatology : JDD Apr 2021Melanoma is a common tumor accounting for around 3–5% of all cutaneous malignancies with worldwide increasing incidence. It is still associated with significant... (Review)
Review
Melanoma is a common tumor accounting for around 3–5% of all cutaneous malignancies with worldwide increasing incidence. It is still associated with significant mortality despite the breakthrough of new innovative therapies within the last decade. A wide variety of treatment modalities is currently used for the management of melanoma, ranging from surgical excision of primary melanoma to adju-vant and palliative treatment with target molecules, including BRAF and MEK inhibitors, and immune checkpoint inhibitors. β-blockers have recently demonstrated in preclinical and clinical studies to reduce recurrence and to correlate with better overall survival in meta-static melanoma as an additional supportive treatment option, owing to their anti-tumor potential. Further investigation regarding their efficacy and safety profile is needed, since there are only few studies in the literature on this topic. Our aim is to evaluate the role and current status of β-blockers in melanoma management. The literature research includes peer-reviewed articles (clinical trials or scien-tific reviews). Studies were identified by searching electronic databases (MEDLINE and PubMed) till May 2020 and reference lists of respective articles. Only articles published in English language were included. J Drugs Dermatol. 20(4):380-383. doi:10.36849/JDD.5673.
Topics: Adrenergic beta-Antagonists; Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols; Clinical Trials as Topic; Disease-Free Survival; Humans; Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors; Melanoma; Neoplasm Recurrence, Local; Neoplasm Staging; Protein Kinase Inhibitors; Skin Neoplasms
PubMed: 33852249
DOI: 10.36849/JDD.2021.5673 -
International Journal of Molecular... May 2024Melanoma, a malignant neoplasm originating from melanocytes, stands as one of the most prevalent cancers globally, ranking fifth in terms of estimated new cases in... (Review)
Review
Melanoma, a malignant neoplasm originating from melanocytes, stands as one of the most prevalent cancers globally, ranking fifth in terms of estimated new cases in recent years. Its aggressive nature and propensity for metastasis pose significant challenges in oncology. Recent advancements have led to a notable shift towards targeted therapies, driven by a deeper understanding of cutaneous tumor pathogenesis. Immunotherapy and tyrosine kinase inhibitors have emerged as promising strategies, demonstrating the potential to improve clinical outcomes across all disease stages, including neoadjuvant, adjuvant, and metastatic settings. Notably, there has been a groundbreaking development in the treatment of brain metastasis, historically associated with poor prognosis in oncology but showcasing impressive results in melanoma patients. This review article provides a comprehensive synthesis of the most recent knowledge on staging and prognostic factors while highlighting emerging therapeutic modalities, with a particular focus on neoadjuvant and adjuvant strategies, notably immunotherapy and targeted therapies, including the ongoing trials.
Topics: Humans; Melanoma; Prognosis; Neoplasm Staging; Immunotherapy; Skin Neoplasms; Molecular Targeted Therapy; Disease Management; Protein Kinase Inhibitors
PubMed: 38891988
DOI: 10.3390/ijms25115794 -
The Pan African Medical Journal 2022Pilomatricoma, formerly known as calcifying epithelioma of Malherbe, is a rare, benign, annexic skin tumor developed from the cells of the pilar matrix. The cure without...
Pilomatricoma, formerly known as calcifying epithelioma of Malherbe, is a rare, benign, annexic skin tumor developed from the cells of the pilar matrix. The cure without recurrence is the rule after complete surgical excision. Clinical diagnosis is challenging. Actually, differential diagnosis include malignant pilomatricoma or trichomatrical carcinoma with significant aggressive potential. However, the diagnosis of pilomatricoma must remain clinical and be confirmed histologically. We report the rare case of a pilomatricoma, in an unusual location in the thigh.
Topics: Humans; Pilomatrixoma; Thigh; Skin Neoplasms; Hair Diseases; Diagnosis, Differential; Carcinoma
PubMed: 36942146
DOI: 10.11604/pamj.2022.43.208.34861 -
Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery Clinics... May 2022Surgical excision achieving clear histologic margins remains the mainstay treatment for primary cutaneous melanoma. Tumors of the head and neck, particularly those... (Review)
Review
Surgical excision achieving clear histologic margins remains the mainstay treatment for primary cutaneous melanoma. Tumors of the head and neck, particularly those arising in chronically sun-damaged skin, often demonstrate extensive and asymmetric subclinical extension. Over the decades, this has proven to be a significant problem for tumors arising on the head and neck, as anatomic and functional complexities of these areas have led to suboptimal surgical treatment, yielding unacceptably high rates of local recurrence and persistently positive margins with traditional wide local excision. Patients who undergo Mohs micrographic surgery may have improved survival over those who undergo wide local excision.
Topics: Humans; Margins of Excision; Melanoma; Mohs Surgery; Neoplasm Recurrence, Local; Skin Neoplasms; Melanoma, Cutaneous Malignant
PubMed: 35428505
DOI: 10.1016/j.coms.2021.11.005 -
The American Journal of Dermatopathology Sep 2022
Topics: Humans; Margins of Excision; Melanoma; Neoplasm Recurrence, Local; Skin Neoplasms
PubMed: 35980097
DOI: 10.1097/DAD.0000000000002227 -
Acta Dermato-venereologica May 2020Skin cancer is the most common type of cancer and its incidence is increasing. The objective of this study was to describe the trends in reimbursed drug and hospital... (Comparative Study)
Comparative Study
Skin cancer is the most common type of cancer and its incidence is increasing. The objective of this study was to describe the trends in reimbursed drug and hospital costs of benign and (pre)malignant skin tumours, and to present future projections. Therefore, nationwide hospital and drug reimbursement data (for the period 2007-17) were used. In 2017, malignant skin tumours were the 4th most costly cancer in the Netherlands (after breast, colorectal, and lung cancer). The total costs for skin tumours increased from €278 million for 384,390 patients (in 2007) to €465 million for 578,355 patients (in 2017). Drug costs increased from €0.7 million to €121 million (over the period 2007-17), resulting in a 26% share of overall costs in 2017. Future costs are projected to reach €1.35 billion in 2030. In conclusion, the increasing costs of skin cancer are strongly affected by the increasing incidence and introduction of expensive drugs, and future projections are for an alarming increase.
Topics: Antineoplastic Agents; Databases, Factual; Drug Costs; Forecasting; Hospital Costs; Humans; Incidence; Insurance, Health, Reimbursement; Models, Economic; Netherlands; Skin Neoplasms; Time Factors
PubMed: 32189004
DOI: 10.2340/00015555-3463