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Journal of Biophotonics Oct 2023Estimating postmortem intervals (PMI) is crucial in forensic investigations, providing insights into criminal cases and determining the time of death. PMI estimation... (Review)
Review
Estimating postmortem intervals (PMI) is crucial in forensic investigations, providing insights into criminal cases and determining the time of death. PMI estimation relies on expert experience and a combination of thanatological data and environmental factors but is prone to errors. The lack of reliable methods for assessing PMI in bones and soft tissues necessitates a better understanding of bone decomposition. Several research groups have shown promise in PMI estimation in skeletal remains but lack valid data for forensic cases. Current methods are costly, time-consuming, and unreliable for PMIs over 5 years. Raman spectroscopy (RS) can potentially estimate PMI by studying chemical modifications in bones and teeth correlated with burial time. This review summarizes RS applications, highlighting its potential as an innovative, nondestructive, and fast technique for PMI estimation in forensic medicine.
Topics: Humans; Body Remains; Postmortem Changes; Spectrum Analysis, Raman; Bone and Bones; Burial
PubMed: 37494000
DOI: 10.1002/jbio.202300189 -
The Analyst May 2024To improve the laser utilization efficiency and avoid photodamage in surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS), it is imperative to introduce photon technology into the...
To improve the laser utilization efficiency and avoid photodamage in surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS), it is imperative to introduce photon technology into the field of SERS detection. A major challenge is the inefficient interaction between the substrate and the incident wavelength, resulting in limited Raman enhancement at a relatively low level. Here, we sputtered plasmonic Au nanoparticles (NPs) onto photonic TiO nanocavities, creating a novel hybrid photonic-plasmonic resonator that achieves a large degree of optical manipulation and long-term localization. By facilely controlling the size of Au NPs, the resonance wavelength of plasmonic Au NPs can be matched with the photonic nanocavity to maximize the light trapping intensity, which leads to a synergistic enhancement of SERS the electromagnetic and chemical mechanisms, resulting in a SERS enhancement up to 1.75 × 10 under non-resonant excitation. In particular, the substrate can achieve strong absorption and localization for long wavelengths, thus enabling a large SERS enhancement with a small light intensity, which can effectively avoid the photodamage that may occur in Raman testing. The substrate can detect various biomolecules, including biomarkers in serum, thus realizing the differentiation of different cancers. This study provides a powerful and sensitive platform for SERS, facilitating bioanalysis and disease diagnosis in complex systems.
Topics: Spectrum Analysis, Raman; Gold; Metal Nanoparticles; Humans; Photons; Titanium
PubMed: 38624145
DOI: 10.1039/d4an00384e -
Journal of Radiological Protection :... Jan 2022The energy distribution (spectrum) of pulsed photon radiation can hardly be measured using active devices, therefore, a thermoluminescence detector (TLD)-based...
The energy distribution (spectrum) of pulsed photon radiation can hardly be measured using active devices, therefore, a thermoluminescence detector (TLD)-based few-channel spectrometer is used in combination with a Bayesian data analysis to help resolve this problem. The spectrometer consists of 30 TLD layers interspaced by absorbers made of plastics and metals with increasing atomic numbers and thickness. Thus, the main idea behind the device is the deeper the radiation penetrates-the higher the radiation's energy when the radiation impinges perpendicular to the front of the spectrometer. From the doses measured in the TLD layers and from further prior available information, the photon spectrum is deduced using a Bayesian data analysis leading to absolute spectra and doses including their uncertainties and coverage intervals. This spectrometer was successfully used in two different scenarios, i.e. for the spectrometry of the radiation field two different industrial type open beam pulsed x-ray generators and secondly in three different radiation fields of a medical accelerator.
Topics: Bayes Theorem; Photons; Spectrum Analysis; X-Rays
PubMed: 34826827
DOI: 10.1088/1361-6498/ac3dd0 -
International Journal of Molecular... Jul 2020Halal is an Arabic term used to describe any components allowed to be used in any products by Muslim communities. Halal food and halal pharmaceuticals are any food and... (Review)
Review
Halal is an Arabic term used to describe any components allowed to be used in any products by Muslim communities. Halal food and halal pharmaceuticals are any food and pharmaceuticals which are safe and allowed to be consumed according to Islamic law (Shariah). Currently, in line with halal awareness, some Muslim countries such as Indonesia, Malaysia, and Middle East regions have developed some standards and regulations on halal products and halal certification. Among non-halal components, the presence of pig derivatives (lard, pork, and porcine gelatin) along with other non-halal meats (rat meat, wild boar meat, and dog meat) is typically found in food and pharmaceutical products. This review updates the recent application of molecular spectroscopy, including ultraviolet-visible, infrared, Raman, and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopies, in combination with chemometrics of multivariate analysis, for analysis of non-halal components in food and pharmaceutical products. The combination of molecular spectroscopic-based techniques and chemometrics offers fast and reliable methods for screening the presence of non-halal components of pig derivatives and non-halal meats in food and pharmaceutical products.
Topics: Animals; Dietary Fats; Dogs; Food Quality; Indonesia; Islam; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; Malaysia; Meat; Middle East; Pharmaceutical Preparations; Rats; Spectrum Analysis; Spectrum Analysis, Raman; Swine
PubMed: 32708254
DOI: 10.3390/ijms21145155 -
Advanced Science (Weinheim,... Dec 2022The design and characterization of spatiotemporal nano-/micro-structural arrangement that enable real-time and wide-spectrum molecular analysis is reported and...
The design and characterization of spatiotemporal nano-/micro-structural arrangement that enable real-time and wide-spectrum molecular analysis is reported and demonestrated in new horizons of biomedical applications, such as wearable-spectrometry, ultra-fast and onsite biopsy-decision-making for intraoperative surgical oncology, chiral-drug identification, etc. The spatiotemporal sesning arrangement is achieved by scalable, binder-free, functionalized hybrid spin-sensitive (<↑| or <↓|) graphene-ink printed sensing layers on free-standing films made of porous, fibrous, and naturally helical cellulose networks in hierarchically stacked geometrical configuration (HSGC). The HSGC operates according to a time-space-resolved architecture that modulate the mass-transfer rate for separation, eluation and detection of each individual compound within a mixture of the like, hereby providing a mass spectrogram. The HSGC could be used for a wide range of applictions, including fast and real-time spectrogram generator of volatile organic compounds during liquid-biopsy, without the need of any immunochemistry-staining and complex power-hungry cryogenic machines; and wearable spectrometry that provide spectral signature of molecular profiles emiited from skin in the course of various dietry conditions.
Topics: Immunochemistry; Spectrum Analysis
PubMed: 36266981
DOI: 10.1002/advs.202203693 -
Spectrochimica Acta. Part A, Molecular... Feb 2022
Topics: Nuclear Magnetic Resonance, Biomolecular; Spectrum Analysis
PubMed: 34619504
DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2021.120415 -
International Journal of Molecular... Apr 2022The effect of sodium thiosulfate (ST) on the photodegradation of azathioprine (AZA) was analyzed by UV-VIS spectroscopy, photoluminescence (PL), FTIR spectroscopy, Raman...
The effect of sodium thiosulfate (ST) on the photodegradation of azathioprine (AZA) was analyzed by UV-VIS spectroscopy, photoluminescence (PL), FTIR spectroscopy, Raman scattering, X-ray photoelectron (XPS) spectroscopy, thermogravimetry (TG) and mass spectrometry (MS). The PL studies highlighted that as the ST concentration increased from 25 wt.% to 75 wt.% in the AZA:ST mixture, the emission band of AZA gradual downshifted to 553, 542 and 530 nm. The photodegradation process of AZA:ST induced: (i) the emergence of a new band in the 320-400 nm range in the UV-VIS spectra of AZA and (ii) a change in the intensity ratio of the photoluminescence excitation (PLE) bands in the 280-335 and 335-430 nm spectral ranges. These changes suggest the emergence of new compounds during the photo-oxidation reaction of AZA with ST. The invoked photodegradation compounds were confirmed by studies of the Raman scattering, the FTIR spectroscopy and XPS spectroscopy through: (i) the downshift of the IR band of AZA from 1336 cm to 1331 cm, attributed to N-C-N deformation in the purine ring; (ii) the change in the intensity ratio of the Raman lines peaking at 1305 cm and 1330 cm from 3.45 to 4.57, as the weight of ST in the AZA:ST mixture mass increased; and (iii) the emergence of a new band in the XPS O1s spectrum peaking at 531 eV, which was associated with the C=O bond. Through correlated studies of TG-MS, the main key fragments of ST-reacted AZA are reported.
Topics: Azathioprine; Photolysis; Spectroscopy, Fourier Transform Infrared; Spectrum Analysis, Raman; Thiosulfates
PubMed: 35409337
DOI: 10.3390/ijms23073975 -
The Review of Scientific Instruments Feb 2021Structures, kinetics, and chemical reactivities at interfaces and surfaces are key to understanding many of the fundamental scientific problems related to chemical,...
Structures, kinetics, and chemical reactivities at interfaces and surfaces are key to understanding many of the fundamental scientific problems related to chemical, material, biological, and physical systems. These steady-state and dynamical properties at interfaces and surfaces require even-order techniques with time-resolution and spectral-resolution. Here, we develop fourth-order interface-/surface-specific two-dimensional electronic spectroscopy, including both two-dimensional electronic sum frequency generation (2D-ESFG) spectroscopy and two-dimensional electronic second harmonic generation (2D-ESHG) spectroscopy, for structural and dynamics studies of interfaces and surfaces. The 2D-ESFG and 2D-ESHG techniques were based on a unique laser source of broadband short-wave IR from 1200 nm to 2200 nm from a home-built optical parametric amplifier. With the broadband short-wave IR source, surface spectra cover most of the visible light region from 480 nm to 760 nm. A translating wedge-based identical pulses encoding system (TWINs) was introduced to generate a phase-locked pulse pair for coherent excitation in the 2D-ESFG and 2D-ESHG. As an example, we demonstrated surface dark states and their interactions of the surface states at p-type GaAs (001) surfaces with the 2D-ESFG and 2D-ESHG techniques. These newly developed time-resolved and interface-/surface-specific 2D spectroscopies would bring new information for structure and dynamics at interfaces and surfaces in the fields of the environment, materials, catalysis, and biology.
Topics: Amplifiers, Electronic; Spectrum Analysis; Surface Properties; Vibration
PubMed: 33648131
DOI: 10.1063/5.0019564 -
Chemical Reviews Apr 2020
Topics: Peptides; Proteins; Spectrum Analysis; Vibration
PubMed: 32264684
DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.0c00196 -
Analytical Sciences : the International... 2021
Topics: Mass Spectrometry; Single-Cell Analysis; Spectrum Analysis
PubMed: 34897178
DOI: 10.2116/analsci.highlights2112