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Analytical Chemistry Jul 2019Potential label-free alternatives to super-resolution fluorescence techniques have been the focus of considerable research due to the challenges intrinsic in the...
Potential label-free alternatives to super-resolution fluorescence techniques have been the focus of considerable research due to the challenges intrinsic in the reliance on fluorescent tags. In this Feature, we discuss efforts to develop super-resolution techniques based on vibrational spectroscopies and address possible sample applications as well as future potential resolution enhancements.
Topics: Algorithms; Animals; Brain; Equipment Design; Mice; Microscopy; Spectrophotometry, Infrared; Spectrum Analysis, Raman
PubMed: 31251563
DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.9b01731 -
Expert Review of Molecular Diagnostics Aug 2021: Human blood and saliva are increasingly under investigation for the detection of biomarkers for early diagnosis of non-communicable (e.g.cancers) and communicable... (Review)
Review
: Human blood and saliva are increasingly under investigation for the detection of biomarkers for early diagnosis of non-communicable (e.g.cancers) and communicable diseases like COVID-19. Exploring the potential application of human tears, an easily accessible body fluid, for the diagnosis of various diseases is the need of the hour.: This review deals with a comprehensive account of applications of tear analysis using different techniques, their comparison and overall progress achieved till now. The techniques used for tear fluid analysis are HPLC/UPLC/SDS-PAGE, CE, etc., together with ELISA, Mass Spectrometry, etc. But, with advances in instrumentation and data processing methods, it has become easy to couple the various separation methods with highly sensitive optical techniques for the analysis of body fluids.: Tear analysis can provide valuable information about the health condition of the eyes since it contains several molecular constituents, and their relative concentrations may alter under abnormal conditions. Tear analysis has the advantage that it is totally non-invasive. This study recommends tear fluid as a reliable clinical sample to be probed by highly sensitive optical techniques to diagnose different health conditions, with special emphasis on eye diseases.
Topics: Biomarkers; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; Electrophoresis, Polyacrylamide Gel; Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay; Eye Diseases; Humans; Mass Spectrometry; Neoplasms; Spectrometry, Fluorescence; Spectrophotometry, Ultraviolet; Spectrum Analysis, Raman; Tears
PubMed: 34115952
DOI: 10.1080/14737159.2021.1941879 -
Journal of Pharmaceutical and... May 2023Elemental impurities in drug products have no therapeutic effect and may pose toxicological concerns, therefore it is urgent to assess the safety of elements especially...
Elemental impurities in drug products have no therapeutic effect and may pose toxicological concerns, therefore it is urgent to assess the safety of elements especially in parenteral exposure drug. In the present work, a high throughput inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) method was developed for the quantitative determination of 31 elemental impurities in bromhexine hydrochloride injections from 9 manufactures. The method was successfully validated for linearity, accuracy, precision, stability, the LOD and the LOQ according to the United States Pharmacopeia (USP) < 233 > . All the elemental impurities determined were below the permitted daily exposure (PDE) limits proposed by the International Council for Harmonisation (ICH). However, significant differences were found between different manufactures' products for some elements, particularly for Al, As, B, Ba and Zn. Besides, discussions considering potential risks of elemental contamination were also presented.
Topics: Mass Spectrometry; Spectrum Analysis; Drug Contamination
PubMed: 37011549
DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2023.115379 -
Annual Review of Analytical Chemistry... Jun 2022Surface analysis techniques have rapidly evolved in the last decade. Some of these are already routinely used in forensics, such as for the detection of gunshot residue... (Review)
Review
Surface analysis techniques have rapidly evolved in the last decade. Some of these are already routinely used in forensics, such as for the detection of gunshot residue or for glass analysis. Some surface analysis approaches are attractive for their portability to the crime scene. Others can be very helpful in forensic laboratories owing to their high spatial resolution, analyte coverage, speed, and specificity. Despite this, many proposed applications of the techniques have not yet led to operational deployment. Here, we explore the application of these techniques to the most important traces commonly found in forensic casework. We highlight where there is potential to add value and outline the progress that is needed to achieve operational deployment. We consider within the scope of this review surface mass spectrometry, surface spectroscopy, and surface X-ray spectrometry. We show how these tools show great promise for the analysis of fingerprints, hair, drugs, explosives, and microtraces.
Topics: Crime; Forensic Medicine; Forensic Sciences; Mass Spectrometry; Spectrum Analysis
PubMed: 35167323
DOI: 10.1146/annurev-anchem-061020-124221 -
Current Eye Research Apr 2021: The aim of this study is to show the pseudoexfoliation syndrome (PES) material accumulated in the lens anterior capsule and the trace elements directly with using...
: The aim of this study is to show the pseudoexfoliation syndrome (PES) material accumulated in the lens anterior capsule and the trace elements directly with using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and to investigate the effect of PES materials on aqueous humor by chemical analyses.: The study groups consisted of 30 patients with PES and 30 patients without PES. 0.1-0.3 mL of aqueous humor was aspirated from anterior chamber and anterior capsule sample was obtained by applying continuous curvilinear capsulorhexis. The level of selected elements (Zn, Cu, Se, Fe, Si, Al, Ca, K) were determined from aqueous humor samples via Inductively coupled plasma - optical emission spectrometry (ICP-OES) machine. The morphology and elemental distribution of anterior lens capsules were carried out via a Zeiss Sigma 300 scanning electron microscope with energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (semiquantitative EDX).: For aqueous humor, the ICP-OES results show that Cu and Zn levels is higher ( < .001, both of them) in PES group than that the obtained from control group. It was noticed that the ratio of Cu/Zn was higher ( = .008) in aqueous humor, while Cu/Se ratio was higher in both aqueous humor ( < .001) and anterior capsule ( < .001) for PES group. The SEM images show that different metal precipitates were obtained from anterior lens capsules with PES. However, there is no obvious element precipitates on the anterior lens capsules without PES.: The results observed that the level of selected elements can be obtained at different level in both PES group and control group. Especially, if the oxidative behavior of these elements which is thought to play a role in PES formation can be clarified, new approaches will be done to evaluate the structure of PES.
Topics: Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Anterior Capsule of the Lens; Aqueous Humor; Capsulorhexis; Case-Control Studies; Cataract Extraction; Exfoliation Syndrome; Female; Humans; Male; Microscopy, Electron, Scanning; Middle Aged; Prospective Studies; Spectrometry, X-Ray Emission; Spectrum Analysis; Trace Elements
PubMed: 32854561
DOI: 10.1080/02713683.2020.1812088 -
Chemical Reviews Apr 2020Proteins at interfaces play important roles in cell biology, immunology, bioengineering, and biomimetic material design. Many biological processes are based on... (Review)
Review
Proteins at interfaces play important roles in cell biology, immunology, bioengineering, and biomimetic material design. Many biological processes are based on interfacial protein action, ranging from cellular communication to immune responses and the protein-driven mineralization of bone. Despite the importance of interfacial proteins, comparatively little is known about their structure. The standard methods for studying crystalline or solution-phase proteins (X-ray diffraction and NMR spectroscopy) are not well-suited for studying proteins at interfaces, and for these proteins we still lack a corresponding technique that can provide the same level of structural resolution. This is not surprising in view of the challenges involved in probing the structure of proteins within monomolecular films assembled at a very thin interface in situ. Vibrational sum-frequency generation (SFG) spectroscopy has the potential to overcome this challenge and investigate the structure and dynamics of proteins at interfaces at the molecular level with subpicosecond time resolution. While SFG studies were initially limited to simple model peptides, the past decade has seen a dramatic advancement of experimental techniques and data analysis methods that has made it possible to also study interfacial proteins and their folding, binding, orientation, hydration, and dynamics. In this review, we first explain the principles of SFG spectroscopy and the experimental and theoretical methods to measure and analyze protein SFG spectra. Then we give an extensive overview of the interfacial proteins studied to date with SFG. We highlight representative examples to demonstrate recent advances in probing the structure of proteins at the interfaces of liquids, membranes, minerals, and synthetic materials.
Topics: Animals; Humans; Peptides; Proteins; Spectrum Analysis; Vibration
PubMed: 31939659
DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.9b00410 -
Annual Review of Physical Chemistry Apr 2022Multidimensional optical spectra are measured from the response of a material system to a sequence of laser pulses and have the capacity to elucidate specific molecular... (Review)
Review
Multidimensional optical spectra are measured from the response of a material system to a sequence of laser pulses and have the capacity to elucidate specific molecular interactions and dynamics whose influences are absent or obscured in a conventional linear absorption spectrum. Interpretation of complex spectra is supported by theoretical modeling of the spectroscopic observable, requiring implementation of quantum dynamics for coupled electrons and nuclei. Performing numerically correct quantum dynamics in this context may pose computational challenges, particularly in the condensed phase. Semiclassical methods based on calculating classical trajectories offer a practical alternative. Here I review the recent application of some semiclassical, trajectory-based methods to nonlinear molecular vibrational and electronic spectra.
Topics: Electrons; Quantum Theory; Spectrum Analysis; Vibration
PubMed: 35061513
DOI: 10.1146/annurev-physchem-082620-021302 -
Critical Reviews in Food Science and... 2023As there is growing interest in process control for quality and safety in the meat industry, by integrating spectroscopy and imaging technologies into one system,... (Review)
Review
As there is growing interest in process control for quality and safety in the meat industry, by integrating spectroscopy and imaging technologies into one system, hyperspectral imaging, or chemical or spectroscopic imaging has become an alternative analytical technique that can provide the spatial distribution of spectrum for fast and nondestructive detection of meat safety. This review addresses the configuration of the hyperspectral imaging system and safety indicators of muscle foods involving biological, chemical, and physical attributes and other associated hazards or poisons, which could cause safety problems. The emphasis focuses on applications of hyperspectral imaging techniques in the safety evaluation of muscle foods, including pork, beef, lamb, chicken, fish and other meat products. Although HSI can provide the spatial distribution of spectrum, characterized by overtones and combinations of the C-H, N-H, and O-H groups using different combinations of a light source, imaging spectrograph and camera, there still needs improvement to overcome the disadvantages of HSI technology for further applications at the industrial level.
Topics: Cattle; Animals; Sheep; Hyperspectral Imaging; Food Safety; Meat; Spectrum Analysis; Muscles
PubMed: 36123794
DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2022.2121805 -
Biosensors May 2023Molecular vibrations play a crucial role in physical chemistry and biochemistry, and Raman and infrared spectroscopy are the two most used techniques for vibrational... (Review)
Review
Molecular vibrations play a crucial role in physical chemistry and biochemistry, and Raman and infrared spectroscopy are the two most used techniques for vibrational spectroscopy. These techniques provide unique fingerprints of the molecules in a sample, which can be used to identify the chemical bonds, functional groups, and structures of the molecules. In this review article, recent research and development activities for molecular fingerprint detection using Raman and infrared spectroscopy are discussed, with a focus on identifying specific biomolecules and studying the chemical composition of biological samples for cancer diagnosis applications. The working principle and instrumentation of each technique are also discussed for a better understanding of the analytical versatility of vibrational spectroscopy. Raman spectroscopy is an invaluable tool for studying molecules and their interactions, and its use is likely to continue to grow in the future. Research has demonstrated that Raman spectroscopy is capable of accurately diagnosing various types of cancer, making it a valuable alternative to traditional diagnostic methods such as endoscopy. Infrared spectroscopy can provide complementary information to Raman spectroscopy and detect a wide range of biomolecules at low concentrations, even in complex biological samples. The article concludes with a comparison of the techniques and insights into future directions.
Topics: Humans; Spectrum Analysis, Raman; Spectrophotometry, Infrared; Neoplasms; Chemistry, Physical
PubMed: 37232918
DOI: 10.3390/bios13050557 -
Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) Dec 2022Molecular recognition, which is the process of biological macromolecules interacting with each other or various small molecules with a high specificity and affinity to...
Molecular recognition, which is the process of biological macromolecules interacting with each other or various small molecules with a high specificity and affinity to form a specific complex, constitutes the basis of all processes in living organisms [...].
Topics: Molecular Docking Simulation; Thermodynamics; Proteins; Spectrum Analysis; Binding Sites; Protein Binding; Spectrometry, Fluorescence
PubMed: 36500497
DOI: 10.3390/molecules27238405