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Sports Medicine (Auckland, N.Z.) Apr 2024Hamstring strain injuries are one of the most common injuries in sprint-based sports with the mechanism of injury considered the result of an interaction between applied... (Review)
Review
Hamstring strain injuries are one of the most common injuries in sprint-based sports with the mechanism of injury considered the result of an interaction between applied mechanical strain and the capacity of the muscle to tolerate strain. To date, injury prevention and rehabilitation strategies have frequently focused on enhancing the capacity of the hamstrings to tolerate strain, with little consideration of factors directly influencing mechanical strain. Sprint running biomechanics are one factor proposed to influence the mechanical strain applied to the hamstrings that may be modified (towards reduced strain) within rehabilitation and injury prevention programs. This article aims to explore the theoretical mechanistic link between sprint running mechanics and hamstring strain injury, along with the available supporting evidence. In doing so, it hopes to provide practitioners with an understanding of mechanical parameters that may influence hamstring strain injury whilst also identifying areas for further research exploration.
Topics: Humans; Biomechanical Phenomena; Hamstring Muscles; Sprains and Strains; Running; Athletic Injuries
PubMed: 37725240
DOI: 10.1007/s40279-023-01925-x -
Journal of Bodywork and Movement... Jul 2021Recurrent ankle sprains are common in soccer players, characterized by restricted range of motion, pain, and decreased proprioception, strength, and postural control.... (Randomized Controlled Trial)
Randomized Controlled Trial
INTRODUCTION
Recurrent ankle sprains are common in soccer players, characterized by restricted range of motion, pain, and decreased proprioception, strength, and postural control. The objective was to evaluate the effectiveness of a fascial therapy and strength training program, combined with kinesiotaping, in improving ankle range of motion, pain, strength and stability in footballers with recurrent sprains.
METHOD
A simple blind randomized clinical trial was conducted on soccer players. Thirty-six federated footballers were recruited and randomized to the two study groups. The experimental group received an intervention using myofascial techniques applied to the subastragaline joint, eccentric training with an isoinertial device and neuromuscular taping. The control group was administered an intervention using myofascial techniques on the subastragaline joint and eccentric training with an isoinertial device. The results were recorded for all players at baseline, after 4 weeks of intervention, and at the end of the 4-week follow-up period.
RESULTS
Subsequent to intervention and follow-up, we found statistically significant improvements in the experimental group in ankle mobility, strength and stability. The control group exhibited improvements in all study variables. No differences in the improvement of variables were found based on the allocation of athletes to one group or another.
CONCLUSION
The combination of fascial therapy and eccentric strength training with an isoinertial device improves ankle mobility, strength and stability in footballers with recurrent ankle sprains. The use of taping techniques failed to provide a greater improvement of the study variables when combined with manual therapy and strength techniques.
Topics: Ankle Injuries; Ankle Joint; Exercise Therapy; Humans; Soccer; Sprains and Strains
PubMed: 34391242
DOI: 10.1016/j.jbmt.2021.03.022 -
Ulusal Travma Ve Acil Cerrahi Dergisi =... Aug 2023Ankle sprain is a frequent reason for presentation to the emergency department. Current treatment modalities include Protection, Optimal Loading, Ice, Compression, and...
BACKGROUND
Ankle sprain is a frequent reason for presentation to the emergency department. Current treatment modalities include Protection, Optimal Loading, Ice, Compression, and Elevation (POLICE) and Protection, Rest, Ice, Compression, and Elevation (PRICE). This study aimed to compare the effects of PRICE and POLICE treatment protocols.
METHODS
This randomized controlled study was conducted between October 15, 2020, and October 15, 2021, at Ankara University's Department of Emergency Medicine. Double-blind randomization was used to assign patients to either the POLICE or PRICE treatment groups.
RESULTS
In total, 109 patients were included. In the POLICE group, the median difference between the American Orthopedic Foot and Ankle Scores on admission and the 14th day following the injury was 34.5 (IQR: 27.25-41.75), while that of the PRICE group was 24 (IQR: 15.5-35). In the POLICE group, the median value of the difference in the Foot and Ankle Disability Index scores on admission and the 14th day following the injury was 42 (IQR: 35.25-50), while that of the PRICE group was 31 (IQR: 22-41.5).
CONCLUSION
The POLICE treatment protocol provided more effective and faster recovery than the PRICE treatment protocol.
Topics: Humans; Ankle; Ice; Police; Sprains and Strains; Ankle Injuries; Clinical Protocols; Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic
PubMed: 37563900
DOI: 10.14744/tjtes.2023.29797 -
Current Sports Medicine Reports Mar 2021Trunk pain is a common cause of performance limitation and time away from sport in athletes. However, atraumatic trunk injuries are underrepresented in medical... (Review)
Review
Trunk pain is a common cause of performance limitation and time away from sport in athletes. However, atraumatic trunk injuries are underrepresented in medical literature and underrecognized clinically. Delays in diagnosis and initiation of appropriate treatment can increase injury morbidity and return-to-play time. Currently, evidence-based guidelines for diagnosis and treatment of trunk pain in athletes are limited. Thus, we provide an overview of atraumatic sport-related injuries to the thoracic spine (disc herniation, scoliosis, kyphosis), ribcage (bone stress injury, costochondritis, Tietze syndrome, slipping rib syndrome, costovertebral or costotransverse joint dysfunction), and chest and abdominal wall musculature (intercostal, serratus anterior, oblique strains, regional myofascial pain), highlighting sport-specific biomechanical considerations. We aim to increase awareness of these causes of trunk pain among sports medicine providers in an effort to guide diagnostic and treatment recommendations that will ultimately improve overall musculoskeletal health in athletes.
Topics: Athletic Injuries; Biomechanical Phenomena; Humans; Muscle, Skeletal; Pain; Ribs; Spinal Curvatures; Sprains and Strains; Thoracic Vertebrae; Torso
PubMed: 33655996
DOI: 10.1249/JSR.0000000000000819 -
Primary Care Mar 2022Primary care physicians are often the first to evaluate patients with extremity injuries. Identification of fractures and sprains and their proper management is... (Review)
Review
Primary care physicians are often the first to evaluate patients with extremity injuries. Identification of fractures and sprains and their proper management is paramount. After appropriate imaging is obtained, immobilization and determination of definitive management, either nonoperative or operative, is critical. Appropriate immobilization is imperative to injury healing. Nonsurgical management of upper extremity fractures often uses slings, short-term splinting, gutter splints, and/or short or long arm casts. Initial fracture stabilization of the lower extremity is usually accomplished with a posterior splint. Definitive management usually uses controlled ankle movement walker boots, hard-sole shoes, or casting.
Topics: Casts, Surgical; Fractures, Bone; Humans; Musculoskeletal Diseases; Splints; Sprains and Strains
PubMed: 35125154
DOI: 10.1016/j.pop.2021.10.007 -
MMW Fortschritte Der Medizin Apr 2022
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The Journal of Orthopaedic and Sports... Jan 2022To evaluate the effectiveness of a neuromuscular training warm-up prevention program, Surveillance in High school and community sport to Reduce (SHRed) Injuries... (Randomized Controlled Trial)
Randomized Controlled Trial
OBJECTIVE
To evaluate the effectiveness of a neuromuscular training warm-up prevention program, Surveillance in High school and community sport to Reduce (SHRed) Injuries Basketball, for reducing all-complaint ankle and knee injuries in youth basketball players.
DESIGN
Quasi-experimental study.
METHODS
High school/club basketball teams (male and female players aged 11-18 years) in Calgary, Canada participated in 2016-2017 (control; season 1) and 2017-2018 (intervention; season 2). The control season included a standard-of-practice warm-up. In season 2, a SHRed Injuries Basketball coach workshop was completed by participating team coaches. Teams were randomized by school/club to an unsupervised or a supervised (weekly supervision by study personnel) implementation of the coach-delivered SHRed Injuries Basketball program. The 10-minute SHRed Injuries Basketball program included 13 exercises (ie, aerobic, agility, strength, balance). All-complaint ankle and knee injuries were collected weekly using validated injury surveillance. Multilevel, multivariable Poisson regression analyses (considering important covariates, clustering by team and individual, and offset by exposure hours) estimated incidence rate ratios (IRRs) by intervention group (season 1 versus season 2) and secondarily considered the control versus completion of the SHRed Injuries Basketball program, unsupervised and supervised.
RESULTS
Sixty-three teams (n = 502 players) participated in season 1 and 31 teams (n = 307 players: 143 unsupervised, 164 supervised) participated in season 2. The SHRed Injuries Basketball program was protective against all-complaint knee and ankle injuries (IRR = 0.64; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.51, 0.79). Unsupervised (IRR = 0.62; 95% CI: 0.47, 0.83) and supervised (IRR = 0.64; 95% CI: 0.49, 0.85) implementations of the SHRed Injuries Basketball program had similar protective effects.
CONCLUSION
The SHRed Injuries Basketball program was associated with a 36% lower rate of ankle and knee injuries. Neuromuscular training warm-ups are recommended as the minimal standard of practice for injury prevention in youth basketball. .
Topics: Adolescent; Ankle; Athletic Injuries; Basketball; Female; Humans; Knee Injuries; Male; Sprains and Strains
PubMed: 34972488
DOI: 10.2519/jospt.2022.10959 -
British Journal of Sports Medicine Sep 2020To systematically review risk factors for hamstring strain injury (HSI). (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis
Recalibrating the risk of hamstring strain injury (HSI): A 2020 systematic review and meta-analysis of risk factors for index and recurrent hamstring strain injury in sport.
OBJECTIVE
To systematically review risk factors for hamstring strain injury (HSI).
DESIGN
Systematic review update.
DATA SOURCES
Database searches: (1) inception to 2011 (original), and (2) 2011 to December 2018 (update). Citation tracking, manual reference and ahead of press searches.
ELIGIBILITY CRITERIA FOR SELECTING STUDIES
Studies presenting prospective data evaluating factors associated with the risk of index and/or recurrent HSI.
METHOD
Search result screening and risk of bias assessment. A best evidence synthesis for each factor and meta-analysis, where possible, to determine the association with risk of HSI.
RESULTS
The 78 studies captured 8,319 total HSIs, including 967 recurrences, in 71,324 athletes. Older age (standardised mean difference=1.6, p=0.002), any history of HSI (risk ratio (RR)=2.7, p<0.001), a recent HSI (RR=4.8, p<0.001), previous anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injury (RR=1.7, p=0.002) and previous calf strain injury (RR=1.5, p<0.001) were significant risk factors for HSI. From the best evidence synthesis, factors relating to sports performance and match play, running and hamstring strength were most consistently associated with HSI risk. The risk of recurrent HSI is best evaluated using clinical data and not the MRI characteristics of the index injury.
SUMMARY/CONCLUSION
Older age and a history of HSI are the strongest risk factors for HSI. Future research may be directed towards exploring the interaction of risk factors and how these relationships fluctuate over time given the occurrence of index and recurrent HSI in sport is multifactorial.
Topics: Age Factors; Anterior Cruciate Ligament Injuries; Athletic Injuries; Electromyography; Hamstring Muscles; Humans; Muscle Strength; Muscle Tonus; Muscle, Skeletal; Risk Factors; Running; Sprains and Strains
PubMed: 32299793
DOI: 10.1136/bjsports-2019-100983 -
Radiologic Clinics of North America Mar 2023Ankle and foot injuries are very common injuries in the general population, and more so in athletes. MR imaging is the optimal modality to evaluate for ligamentous... (Review)
Review
Ankle and foot injuries are very common injuries in the general population, and more so in athletes. MR imaging is the optimal modality to evaluate for ligamentous injuries of the ankle and associated conditions after ankle sprain. In this article, the authors discuss the epidemiology, biomechanics, normal anatomy, and pathology of the ankle as well as injuries of the hindfoot and midfoot that are often associated with ankle injuries.
Topics: Humans; Ankle; Sprains and Strains; Athletic Injuries; Ankle Injuries; Foot Injuries; Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Knee Injuries
PubMed: 36739148
DOI: 10.1016/j.rcl.2022.10.015 -
Sports Health 2024
Topics: Humans; Hamstring Muscles; Sprains and Strains; Athletic Injuries
PubMed: 37278326
DOI: 10.1177/19417381231175880