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International Journal of Occupational... Mar 2022This study aimed to assess cognitive and skill performance at sitting and standing workstations among students from Shiraz University of Medical Sciences. Forty...
This study aimed to assess cognitive and skill performance at sitting and standing workstations among students from Shiraz University of Medical Sciences. Forty students (20 females and 20 males) participated in this quasi-experimental study. Tests were performed among randomly selected participants over two consecutive days: day 1, the Beck depression inventory and Beck anxiety inventory were used to assess the severity of depression and anxiety in the study participants, respectively, and Raven's general intelligence test was used to measure intelligence quotient; day 2, five performance assessment tests (cognitive performance assessment tests '-back', 'Stroop' and 'advanced reaction time'; skill performance assessment tests 'two-arm coordination' and 'Purdue pegboard') were randomly selected and presented to individuals at each workstation (sitting and standing workstations). At the end of each sitting and standing position, the comfort of the workstation was measured using a visual analog scale. No statistically significant difference was shown between sitting and standing positions in terms of '-back', 'Stroop', 'advanced reaction time', 'two-arm coordination' and 'Purdue pegboard'. Participants were more comfortable in sitting positions and more easily distracted in standing positions. Sitting and standing positions had no significant effects on participants' cognitive and skill performance.
Topics: Cognition; Female; Humans; Male; Sitting Position; Standing Position; Students; Workplace
PubMed: 32757725
DOI: 10.1080/10803548.2020.1806565 -
Health Psychology Review Dec 2023During their activities of daily living, humans run, walk, stand, sit and lie down. Recent changes in our environment have favored sedentary behavior over more...
During their activities of daily living, humans run, walk, stand, sit and lie down. Recent changes in our environment have favored sedentary behavior over more physically active behavior to such a degree that our health is in danger. Here, we sought to address the problem of excessive time spent seated from various theoretical viewpoints, including postural control, human factors engineering, human history and health psychology. If nothing is done now, the high prevalence of sitting will continue to increase. We make a case for the standing position by demonstrating that spending more time upright can mitigate the physiological and psychological problems associated with excessive sitting without lowering task performance and productivity. The psychological literature even highlights potential benefits of performing certain tasks in the standing position. We propose a number of recommendations on spending more time (but not too much) in the standing position and on more active, nonambulatory behaviors. There is a need to inform people about (i) harmful consequences of excessive sitting and (ii) benefits of spending more time performing active, nonambulatory behaviors. One clear benefit is to reduce detrimental health consequences of excessive sitting and to provide potential additional benefits in terms of productivity and performance.
Topics: Humans; Standing Position; Activities of Daily Living; Workplace; Ergonomics; Walking
PubMed: 36412920
DOI: 10.1080/17437199.2022.2150673 -
Journal of Bodywork and Movement... Apr 2024The purpose of this paper is to further understand current literature on prolonged sitting, sitting posture and active sitting solutions. This paper is divided into... (Review)
Review
The purpose of this paper is to further understand current literature on prolonged sitting, sitting posture and active sitting solutions. This paper is divided into three sections: The first section (Part I) is a comprehensive overview of the literature on how a static prolonged seated posture can affect: spinal health, trunk posture, contact pressure/discomfort development and vascular issues. The second section (Part II) reviews and qualitatively compares the four working postures recognized in ANSI/HFES 100-2007: reclined sitting, upright sitting, declined sitting and standing. The final section (Part III) is a summary of research on active chairs that revolves around the two types of movement patterns: 1- sustaining continual movement over a range of postures, occasionally reaching neutral lordosis, and 2- maintaining high frequency and duration of daily light contractile activity in the legs (or lower limbs).
Topics: Humans; Sitting Position; Workplace; Posture; Movement; Standing Position; Interior Design and Furnishings; Ergonomics
PubMed: 38763586
DOI: 10.1016/j.jbmt.2024.01.001 -
Pacing and Clinical Electrophysiology :... Mar 2022The displacement of cardiac implantable electronic devices (CIEDs) toward the caudal side during standing after CIED implantation could cause lead dislodgement. This...
BACKGROUND
The displacement of cardiac implantable electronic devices (CIEDs) toward the caudal side during standing after CIED implantation could cause lead dislodgement. This study investigated the relationship between supine pocket position and standing CIEDs' displacement distance after the implantation.
METHODS
After CIED surgeries performed at 2 hospitals between 2012 and 2020, 134 patients underwent postoperative chest x-rays in the supine and standing positions during hospitalization. To measure the displacement distance of CIEDs from the supine to the standing position, we identified the first thoracic vertebrae (Th1) in the supine position using the first rib as an index, drew a horizontal line at the lower edge of the Th1, and calculated the distance from that point to the upper edge of the CIED. The difference between measures for the two positions was compared. At the position of the pocket in the thorax in the supine position, the ratio of the distance between the thorax and the device is defined as the device thorax ratio (DTR). We examined the relationship between DTR and CIED displacement distance.
RESULTS
In this study, we included 134 patients (53% men; median age, 79 years, body mass index, 22.3 ± 3.4; pacemaker 93%, left implantation 96%). We found that the more lateral the position of the CIED pocket, the more the CIED fell when standing (confidence interval = 0.34-0.60, P < .001).
CONCLUSIONS
The farther the CIED was implanted outside the thorax in the supine position, the more significantly the CIED was displaced in the standing position.
Topics: Aged; Defibrillators, Implantable; Female; Humans; Male; Pacemaker, Artificial; Retrospective Studies; Standing Position; Thorax
PubMed: 35172014
DOI: 10.1111/pace.14464 -
Applied Ergonomics Nov 2023Adjustable-height desks may provide musculoskeletal health benefits to offset the effects of prolonged sitting. One mechanism may be increased postural variability, here...
Adjustable-height desks may provide musculoskeletal health benefits to offset the effects of prolonged sitting. One mechanism may be increased postural variability, here characterized by head and trunk postural sway. Linear acceleration of the head and trunk were measured while participants used computer workstations in seated and standing positions during keyboard and mouse tasks; secondary measures were discomfort and proprioception (head and neck repositioning error). Median accelerations of the head and trunk were 20-26% lower in mouse tasks compared to keyboard tasks (p < 0.01). There were no significant differences in sway parameters between seated and standing positions. Discomfort and proprioception were correlated; subjects who experienced increased neck discomfort after 1.5 h of computer work had almost twice the head and neck repositioning error. The results suggest that postural sway is more affected by different tasks (keyboard vs. mouse) than by different workstation configurations and that low proprioception acuity may relate to the development of discomfort.
Topics: Humans; Posture; Sitting Position; Standing Position; Neck; Computers
PubMed: 37490792
DOI: 10.1016/j.apergo.2023.104098 -
Journal of Ultrasound in Medicine :... Feb 2024A new ultrasound-based device is proposed to non-invasively measure the orientation of the scapula in the standing position to consider this parameter for Total Shoulder...
OBJECTIVES
A new ultrasound-based device is proposed to non-invasively measure the orientation of the scapula in the standing position to consider this parameter for Total Shoulder Arthroplasty. The aim of this study was to assess the accuracy and reliability of this device.
METHODS
Accuracy was assessed by comparing measurements made with the ultrasound device to those acquired with a three-dimensional (3D) optical localization system (Northern Digital, Canada) on a dedicated mechanical phantom. Three users performed 10 measurements on three healthy volunteers with different body mass (BMI) indices to analyze the reliability of the device by measuring the intra and interobserver variabilities.
RESULTS
The mean accuracy of the device was 0.9°± 0.7 (0.01-3.03), 1.3°± 0.8 (0.03-4.55), 1.9°± 1.5 (0.05-5.76), respectively, in the axial, coronal, and sagittal planes. The interobserver and intraobserver variabilities were excellent whatever the BMI and the users experience.
CONCLUSIONS
The device is accurate and reliable enough for the measurement of the scapula orientation in the standing position.
Topics: Humans; Reproducibility of Results; Standing Position; Scapula; Observer Variation; Canada; Shoulder Joint; Range of Motion, Articular; Biomechanical Phenomena
PubMed: 37987527
DOI: 10.1002/jum.16370 -
Gait & Posture Jun 2023A method has been developed to assess toe pressure strength in the standing position, taking into account concerns about toe grip strength.
BACKGROUND
A method has been developed to assess toe pressure strength in the standing position, taking into account concerns about toe grip strength.
RESEARCH QUESTION
Which is more associated to postural control capability, the conventional toe grip strength or the newly devised toe pressure strength in the standing position, which is close to the actual movement?
METHODS
This study is a cross-sectional study. This study included 67 healthy adults (mean age, 19 ± 1 years; 64% male). The postural control capability was measured using the center-of-pressure shift distance in the anterior-posterior axis. Toe pressure strength in the standing position was assessed using a toe pressure measuring device to evaluate the force of pressure on the floor surface by all toes. During measurement, care is taken to ensure that the toes do not flex. However, toe grip strength in the sitting position was measured using muscle strength for toe flexion in a conventional manner. Statistical analysis was conducted by performing a correlation analysis between each of the measured items. Additionally, multiple regression analysis was used to examine the functions associated with postural control capability.
RESULT
Pearson's correlation analysis revealed that the postural control capability was correlated with toe pressure strength in the standing position (r = 0.36, p = 0.003). Multiple regression analysis demonstrated that only toe pressure strength in the standing position was significantly associated with the postural control capability, even after adjusting for covariates (standard regression coefficient: 0.42, p = 0.005).
SIGNIFICANCE
The results of this study indicated that toe pressure strength in the standing position was more strongly associated with the postural control capability in healthy adults than toe grip strength in the sitting position. It has been suggested that a rehabilitation program for toe pressure strength in the standing position would help improve postural control capability.
Topics: Humans; Male; Adult; Adolescent; Young Adult; Female; Standing Position; Cross-Sectional Studies; Toes; Lower Extremity; Postural Balance
PubMed: 37141835
DOI: 10.1016/j.gaitpost.2023.04.015 -
International Journal of Environmental... Nov 2020Sedentary Behavior (SB), defined as sitting with minimal physical activity, is an emergent public health topic. However, the measurement of SB considers either posture...
Sedentary Behavior (SB), defined as sitting with minimal physical activity, is an emergent public health topic. However, the measurement of SB considers either posture (e.g., activPal) or physical activity (e.g., ActiGraph), and thus neglects either active sitting or inactive standing. The aim of this study was to determine the true amount of active sitting and inactive standing in daily life, and to analyze by how much these behaviors falsify the single sensors' sedentary estimates. Sedentary time of 100 office workers estimated with activPal and ActiGraph was therefore compared with Bland-Altman statistics to a combined sensor analysis, the posture and physical activity index (POPAI). POPAI classified each activPal sitting and standing event into inactive or active using the ActiGraph counts. Participants spent 45.0% [32.2%-59.1%] of the waking hours inactive sitting (equal to SB), 13.7% [7.8%-21.6%] active sitting, and 12.0% [5.7%-24.1%] inactive standing (mean [5th-95th percentile]). The activPal overestimated sedentary time by 30.3% [12.3%-48.4%] and the ActiGraph by 22.5% [3.2%-41.8%] (bias [95% limit-of-agreement]). The results showed that sitting is not always inactive, and standing is not always active. Caution should therefore be paid when interpreting the activPal (ignoring active sitting) and ActiGraph (ignoring inactive standing) measured time as SB.
Topics: Accelerometry; Exercise; Humans; Posture; Sedentary Behavior; Sitting Position; Standing Position
PubMed: 33260568
DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17238864 -
Journal of Sports Science & Medicine Jun 2022Easy-to-use and accurate heart rate variability (HRV) assessments are essential in athletes' follow-up, but artifacts may lead to erroneous analysis. Artifact detection...
Easy-to-use and accurate heart rate variability (HRV) assessments are essential in athletes' follow-up, but artifacts may lead to erroneous analysis. Artifact detection and correction are the purpose of extensive literature and implemented in dedicated analysis programs. However, the effects of number and/or magnitude of artifacts on various time- or frequency-domain parameters remain unclear. The purpose of this study was to assess the effects of artifacts on HRV parameters. Root mean square of the successive differences (RMSSD), standard deviation of the normal to normal inter beat intervals (SDNN), power in the low- (LF) and high-frequency band (HF) were computed from two 4-min RR recordings in 178 participants in both supine and standing positions, respectively. RRs were modified by (1) randomly adding or subtracting 10, 30, 50 or 100 ms to the successive RRs; (2) a single artifact was manually inserted; (3) artifacts were automatically corrected from signal naturally containing artifacts. Finally, RR recordings were analyzed before and after automatic detection-correction of artifacts. Modifying each RR by 10, 30, 50 and 100 ms randomly did not significantly change HRV parameters (range -6%, +6%, supine). In contrast, by adding a single artifact, RMSSD increased by 413% and 269%, SDNN by 54% and 47% in supine and standing positions, respectively. LF and HF changed only between -3% and +8% (supine and standing) in the artifact condition. When more than 0.9% of the signal contained artifacts, RMSSD was significantly biased, whilst when more than 1.4% of the signal contained artifacts LF and HF were significantly biased. RMSSD and SDNN were more sensitive to a single artifact than LF and HF. This indicates that, when using RMSSD only, a single artifact may induce erroneous interpretation of HRV. Therefore, we recommend using both time- and frequency-domain parameters to minimize the errors in the diagnoses of health status or fatigue in athletes.
Topics: Artifacts; Athletes; Heart Rate; Humans; Standing Position
PubMed: 35719238
DOI: 10.52082/jssm.2022.260 -
Journal of Aging and Physical Activity Feb 2022Aside from total time spent in physical activity behaviors, how time is accumulated is important for health. This study examined associations between sitting, standing,...
Aside from total time spent in physical activity behaviors, how time is accumulated is important for health. This study examined associations between sitting, standing, and stepping bouts, with cardiometabolic health markers in older adults. Participants from the Mitchelstown Cohort Rescreen Study (N = 221) provided cross-sectional data on activity behaviors (assessed via an activPAL3 Micro) and cardiometabolic health. Bouts of ≥10-, ≥30-, and ≥60-min sitting, standing, and stepping were calculated. Linear regression models were fitted to examine the associations between bouts and cardiometabolic health markers. Sitting (≥10, ≥30, and ≥60 min) and standing (≥10 and ≥30 min) bouts were detrimentally associated with body composition measures, lipid markers, and fasting glucose. The effect for time spent in ≥60-min sitting and ≥30-min standing bouts was larger than shorter bouts. Fragmenting sitting with bouts of stepping may be targeted to benefit cardiometabolic health. Further insights for the role of standing need to be elicited.
Topics: Aged; Biomarkers; Cardiovascular Diseases; Cross-Sectional Studies; Humans; Sedentary Behavior; Standing Position
PubMed: 33992024
DOI: 10.1123/japa.2020-0443