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Psychiatria Danubina 2022It is estimated that up to 90% of patients with dementia are affected by behavioral and psychiatric symptoms during the course of the disease. The aim of this study was...
BACKGROUND
It is estimated that up to 90% of patients with dementia are affected by behavioral and psychiatric symptoms during the course of the disease. The aim of this study was to investigate the prevalence of depression in dementia and mild cognitive impairment (MCI), the use of benzodiazepines and antidepressants among them and the impact of former education on their cognitive decline.
SUBJECTS AND METHODS
In the study we have enrolled 100 patients with clinical diagnoses of either MCI or dementia, as was established by a single cognitive neurology subspecialist. All patients were assessed during their regular outpatient follow-ups in the University Clinical Center Zagreb, Croatia, in the period between November 2019 and March 2020. Using the patients' medical history the demographic data, disease characteristics, history of other diseases, use of medications, Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) and the data on radiological brain examinations were obtained. The statistical tests were used depending on the distribution of variables.
RESULTS
In total, there were 34 patients diagnosed with dementia and 66 diagnosed with MCI. The diagnosis of depression before the onset of dementia or MCI was established in 11% and it has developed in further 20% after cognitive deterioration, which represents an increase of 81.81%. The total prevalence of depression in the study group is thus 31%.The proportion of patients taking benzodiazepines was 26% and antidepressants 17%.The MMSE scores were significantly lower in patients with Alzheimer's disease than in patients with vascular MCI or dementia. Generally, MMSE values correlated significantly with the duration of education.
CONCLUSIONS
Depression is a frequent accompanying disease of dementia that aggravates already complex clinical picture and greatly diminishes the quality of life of the patient. It is important to monitor changes in a patient's cognitive decline and presence of psychiatric symptoms in order to give medical professionals a better chance to alleviate the complex issues that arise during the management of this specter of diseases.
Topics: Humans; Dementia; Depression; Prevalence; Quality of Life; Cognitive Dysfunction; Neuropsychological Tests
PubMed: 36548884
DOI: 10.24869/psyd.2022.700 -
Journal of Psychiatric Research Sep 2022Epidemiological studies have provided varying prevalence estimates of trichotillomania (TTM) and other hair-pulling behaviors. We performed a systematic review and... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis
Epidemiological studies have provided varying prevalence estimates of trichotillomania (TTM) and other hair-pulling behaviors. We performed a systematic review and meta-analysis to provide data-driven prevalence estimates of TTM and hair-pulling. PubMed, PsycInfo and Embase were searched on June 2020 (updated in November 2021). Studies reporting the frequency of TTM defined by Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM) criteria or hair-pulling behaviors were included. Prevalence data was extracted for both genders, and female-to-male odds ratios (OR) were computed for TTM and any hair-pulling behaviors. Data were pooled through random-effects meta-analyses. Of the 713 records identified through database searches, 30 studies involving 38,526 participants were included. Meta-analyses indicated TTM had a prevalence of 1.14% (95% CI 0.66%, 1.96%), while any hair-pulling behavior had a prevalence of 8.84% (95% CI 6.33%, 12.20%). Meta-analyses demonstrated females were at an increased risk of any hair-pulling when noticeable hair loss was required (OR = 2.23, 95% CI 1.60, 3.10, p < 0.0001), but not of any hair-pulling when noticeable hair loss was not required (OR = 0.90, 95% CI 0.72, 1.64, p = 0.33). Meta-analyses did not indicate female preponderance in TTM (k = 10; N = 22,775; OR = 1.29; 95% CI 0.91, 1.83; I = 28%, p = 0.15), although there was considerable heterogeneity across studies. This study demonstrates that TTM impacts ∼1% of the population, while general hair-pulling behaviors affects ∼8%, highlighting the significant public health impact of this understudied condition. Additional research should clarify the gender distribution of TTM in epidemiological samples.
Topics: Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders; Female; Humans; Male; Prevalence; Trichotillomania
PubMed: 35802953
DOI: 10.1016/j.jpsychires.2022.06.058 -
European Geriatric Medicine Jun 2022Many epidemiological studies have reported that elder abuse and neglect were prevalent in rural areas. However, none of them has synthesized the literature in this... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis Review
PURPOSE
Many epidemiological studies have reported that elder abuse and neglect were prevalent in rural areas. However, none of them has synthesized the literature in this field. Therefore, we aimed to estimate the overall prevalence of elder abuse and neglect in rural areas through a systematic review and meta-analysis.
METHODS
PubMed, EMBASE, Web of Science, and Cochrane Library were systematically searched to identify eligible articles, with no language restrictions. Statistical analyses were conducted using Review Manager software (version 5.3). Meta-analyses and sensitivity analysis were performed using a random-effects model. All results were reported as the pooled prevalence of elder and neglect with their 95% confidence intervals (CIs). The quality of the included studies was evaluated by strengthening the reporting of observational studies in epidemiology (STROBE) checklist. Potential publication bias was assessed by the funnel plot.
RESULTS
13 cross-sectional studies involving 10,313 participants were eligible. The prevalence of elder abuse and neglect ranged from 4.5 to 61.7% across the rural areas, and pooled prevalence estimate was 33% (95% CI 23-43). The prevalence of physical abuse was estimated at 7% (95% CI 5-9), financial abuse at 5% (95% CI 4-7), psychological/emotional abuse at 17% (95% CI 11-23), and neglect at 26% (95% CI 17-35). There was significant heterogeneity among the included studies. Stratified analyses revealed that sampling design was part of the heterogeneity source. WHO regions, gender, countries' income classification, and study quality could not explain the potential reasons for heterogeneity.
CONCLUSIONS
The pooled prevalence of elder abuse and neglect was relatively high in rural areas. Early and targeted screening and prevention are needed. There is an urgent need for high quality studies using agreed definition of elder abuse and neglect to protect the potential high risk populations.
Topics: Aged; Cross-Sectional Studies; Elder Abuse; Humans; Income; Prevalence; Risk Factors
PubMed: 35224680
DOI: 10.1007/s41999-022-00628-2 -
American Journal of Public Health Jul 2023To estimate county-level cigarette smoking prevalence in Virginia and examine cigarette use disparities by rurality, Appalachian status, and county-level social...
To estimate county-level cigarette smoking prevalence in Virginia and examine cigarette use disparities by rurality, Appalachian status, and county-level social vulnerability. We used 2011-2019 Virginia Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System proprietary data with geographical information to estimate county-level cigarette smoking prevalence using small area estimation. We used the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention's social vulnerability index to quantify social vulnerability. We used the 2-sample statistical test to determine the differences in cigarette smoking prevalence and social vulnerability between counties by rurality and Appalachian status. The absolute difference in smoking prevalence was 6.16 percentage points higher in rural versus urban counties and 7.52 percentage points higher in Appalachian versus non-Appalachian counties in Virginia ( < .001). Adjusting for county characteristics, a higher social vulnerability index is associated with increased cigarette use. Rural Appalachian counties had 7.41% higher cigarette use rates than did urban non-Appalachian areas. Tobacco agriculture and a shortage of health care providers were significantly associated with higher cigarette use prevalence. Rural Appalachia and socially vulnerable counties in Virginia have alarmingly high rates of cigarette use. Implementation of targeted intervention strategies could reduce cigarette use, ultimately reducing tobacco-related health disparities. (. 2023;113(7):811-814. https://doi.org/10.2105/AJPH.2023.307298).
Topics: Humans; Virginia; Prevalence; Social Vulnerability; Appalachian Region; Rural Population; Cigarette Smoking
PubMed: 37141556
DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2023.307298 -
International Journal of Oral and... Jun 2022The aim of this systematic review and meta-analysis was to determine the prevalence and characteristics of maxillary sinus septa using cone beam computed tomography and... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis Review
The aim of this systematic review and meta-analysis was to determine the prevalence and characteristics of maxillary sinus septa using cone beam computed tomography and computed tomography data. Publications were searched until October 5, 2020 in three electronic databases. Additionally, article bibliographies were searched, and authors were contacted if required. This review has been registered in PROSPERO (CRD42019124933). Two independent evaluators assessed methodological quality using the Joanna Briggs Institute levels of evidence; inter-rater reliability tests were performed (Cohen's κ). The prevalence of maxillary sinus septa was expressed as a proportion; differences according to sex were reported in terms of the odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence interval (95% CI). Heterogeneity and sources of heterogeneity were evaluated by meta-regression. Publication bias was assessed by visual analysis of the funnel plot. Statistical significance was set at P < 0.05. The 62 studies identified and included in the review involved 13,701 patients (22,460 sinuses). The meta-analysis of 35 studies (14,664 sinuses) revealed an overall mean sinus septa prevalence per sinus of 33.2% (95% CI 27.8-38.5%; I = 98.32%). The meta-analysis of 42 studies (9631 patients) found an overall mean sinus septa prevalence per patient of 41.0% (95% CI 36.0-46.0%, I = 96.45%). The OR for the difference in septa prevalence between sexes was 0.785 (95% CI 0.590-1.046; P = 0.098, I = 73.24%). Septa were most frequent in the middle area of the sinus and with a transverse orientation (86.0%). Within the limitations, the results suggest a high proportion of septa in the sinus, commonly in the middle area, which can interfere with the success of sinus floor elevation required for implant rehabilitation.
Topics: Cone-Beam Computed Tomography; Humans; Maxillary Sinus; Prevalence; Reproducibility of Results; Sinus Floor Augmentation
PubMed: 34742634
DOI: 10.1016/j.ijom.2021.10.008 -
The Psychiatric Quarterly Mar 2022This systematic review was conducted to determine the prevalence of mental disorders among children and adults in Uganda. A comprehensive systematic search for relevant... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis Review
This systematic review was conducted to determine the prevalence of mental disorders among children and adults in Uganda. A comprehensive systematic search for relevant studies reporting prevalence of mental disorders in children or adults in Uganda was conducted in PubMed, Embase, PsycINFO, Scopus, Web of Science databases and grey literature sources. Study was eligible if, validated instrument based on the International Classification of Diseases or Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders criteria to assess a mental disorder was used. Eligible studies were critically appraised, prevalence data extracted and pooled using the random-effects model. Certainty in the pooled prevalence estimates was evaluated using the Grading of Recommendation, Assessment, Development and Evaluation approach. A total of 632 records were obtained, of which 26 articles from 24 studies conducted in Uganda were included in the review. Overall and with moderate level of certainty, the prevalence of any mental disorder in Uganda was 22.9% (95% C.I 11.0% - 34.9%) in children and 24.2% (95% C.I 19.8% - 28.6%) in adults. Prevalence of anxiety disorders was 14.4% (95% C.I 4.9% - 24.0%) in children and 20.2% (95% C.I 14.5% - 25.9%) in adults. The prevalence of current depressive disorders was 22.2% (95% C.I 9.2% - 35.2%) in children and 21.2% (95% C.I 16.8% - 25.6%) in adults. Eating disorder and psychotic syndrome disorder were also reported. Our findings suggest that depression and anxiety disorders are common mental disorders in Uganda, affecting approximately one in four persons. The findings provide essential insights for health service planning, clinical practice, and future epidemiological research in Uganda.
Topics: Adult; Anxiety Disorders; Child; Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders; Humans; Mental Disorders; Prevalence; Uganda
PubMed: 34427855
DOI: 10.1007/s11126-021-09941-8 -
The Veterinary Clinics of North... Mar 2023Veterinarians may be asked to assess the presence, absence, or prevalence of a disease in an animal population or to compare the effects of management factors on disease... (Review)
Review
Veterinarians may be asked to assess the presence, absence, or prevalence of a disease in an animal population or to compare the effects of management factors on disease status or production performance. The scope of diagnostic investigations in ruminant populations is often limited by the availability of time, money, and animal handling infrastructure. Selecting the correct number and type of animals to sample maximizes the benefits of the investigation, while minimizing costs. To meet the objectives of the study, the veterinarian must understand the statistical elements that need to be considered to calculate the appropriate sample size.
Topics: Animals; Humans; Ruminants; Veterinarians; Prevalence
PubMed: 36731998
DOI: 10.1016/j.cvfa.2022.10.002 -
PloS One 2022In Ethiopia limited information is available regarding the prevalence and predictors of anemia in pregnancy. This systematic review and meta-analysis estimated the... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis
BACKGROUND
In Ethiopia limited information is available regarding the prevalence and predictors of anemia in pregnancy. This systematic review and meta-analysis estimated the pooled prevalence of anemia among pregnant women in Ethiopia and also identified its predictors.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
The published primary studies were searched in the following electronic databases; PubMed/Medline, Google scholars, AJOL, and EMBASE. All primary studies published from 01/01/2010 to 30/05/2020 and written in English language were included without restriction on study setting and design. Critical appraisal of all available articles was done and extracted data was analyzed using STATA software version 14. The pooled prevalence of anemia was presented using a forest plot. The I2 statistical test for heterogeneity, and the Egger's and Begg's tests for publication bias were used. The relative risk was used to assess the association of predictor variables with anemia.
RESULT
After screening 274 articles, sixty studies were included in the analysis. The pooled prevalence of anemia among pregnant women was 26.4(95% CI: 23.1, 29.6). Sub-group analysis showed higher pooled prevalence from community-based studies than institutional-based studies. Factors that were protective against maternal anemia included urban residence, formal education and smaller family size. Short birth interval and not having antenatal care (ANC) are associated with a higher risk of maternal anemia. Women with low dietary diversity [RR: 2.61(95% CI, 1.85, 3.68)], mid-upper arm circumference (MUAC) less than 23 cm [RR: 2.35(95% CI, 1.53, 3.68)] and those not taking iron-folic acid [RR: 1.53(95% CI: 1.30, 1.81)] also had a higher risk of anemia.
CONCLUSION
Almost one in four pregnant women in Ethiopia had anemia. Being literate, living in urban areas with small family size and adequate birth spacing, as well as good dietary diversity are associated with a lower risk of anemia in pregnancy.
REGISTRATION NUMBER
(ID: CRD42020211054).
Topics: Anemia; Ethiopia; Female; Humans; Pregnancy; Pregnant Women; Prenatal Care; Prevalence
PubMed: 35895619
DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0267005 -
Anales de Pediatria Aug 2023A high prevalence of gastrointestinal (GI) symptoms has been described in children and adolescents with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). In addition, there is evidence... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis
INTRODUCTION
A high prevalence of gastrointestinal (GI) symptoms has been described in children and adolescents with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). In addition, there is evidence that presence of GI symptoms is associated to greater severity of ASD. However, the frequency of GI symptoms in children and adolescents with ASD varies widely across studies, and their true prevalence is unknown. Therefore, the objective of this study was to estimate the prevalence of GI symptoms in children and adolescents with ASD.
MATERIAL AND METHOD
We conducted a meta-analysis following the PRISMA guidelines. We carried out a rapid systematic search for recent clinical and observational studies published from August 2012 in PubMed. The statistical analyses were performed with the software R.
RESULTS
Of 91 potentially eligible articles, only 8 met our inclusion criteria. The prevalence of GI symptoms ranged between 0% and 69%, with an estimated general prevalence of 33% (95% CI, 13%-57%), higher than that reported by a previous meta-analysis for the general paediatric population. This difference is even greater in the specific comparison of studies that applied the paediatric version of the ROME III questionnaire (QPGS-ROME III).
CONCLUSIONS
The results confirmed the hypothesis that there is a higher prevalence of functional GI symptoms in paediatric patients with ASD compared to their neurotypical peers.
Topics: Adolescent; Humans; Child; Autism Spectrum Disorder; Prevalence; Gastrointestinal Diseases; Surveys and Questionnaires
PubMed: 37474417
DOI: 10.1016/j.anpede.2023.07.003 -
BMC Oral Health Sep 2023Oral leukoplakia(OLK) is a common oral potentially malignant disorder. The global prevalence of solely OLK was published in 2003, while the prevalence varied among... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis
BACKGROUND
Oral leukoplakia(OLK) is a common oral potentially malignant disorder. The global prevalence of solely OLK was published in 2003, while the prevalence varied among different studies. In recent years, large-scale summary and definition-related analyses obtain insufficient attention. This study aimed to perform a systematic review of prevalence studies of oral leukoplakia and assess predisposing factors of its occurrence.
METHODS
The search terms ("Oral leukoplakia" OR OLK OR leukoplakia) AND (prevalence OR incidence OR epidemiology) were searched in databases (Pubmed, Embase, Scopus, and Web of Science) for OLK studies published from January 1996 until December 2022. The estimated prevalence calculation and risk of bias analysis used STATA 16.0.
RESULTS
We obtained 69 studies, including 1,263,028 participants, from 28 countries, and 6 continents. The prevalence was 1.39%, varying from 0.12 to 33.33%. The overall pooled estimated prevalence of OLK was 2.23% for population-based studies, 1.36% for clinic-based population studies, and 9.10% for specific populations. The pooled prevalence in different continents ranged from 0.33 to 11.74% with a statistical difference in the population-based calculation. The estimated prevalence of OLK was higher in males than in females. Those who smoked and consumed alcohol had a higher prevalence than those who did not.
CONCLUSION
Combining data from 69 published studies, the prevalence of OLK was determined as 1.39% and the pooling estimated global prevalence was 3.41%. The prevalence was relatively consistent and stable across different continents and different definitions. A higher pooled estimated prevalence was found among males, those aged over 60 years old, smokers, and alcohol consumers. The results from the included studies in this systematic review revealed that the prevalence was relatively consistent and stable across various definitions and continents, which may help in developing global treatment and prevention strategies for oral leukoplakia.
Topics: Female; Male; Humans; Middle Aged; Aged; Prevalence; Leukoplakia, Oral; Databases, Factual; Ethanol; Research Design
PubMed: 37670255
DOI: 10.1186/s12903-023-03342-y