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Sleep Medicine Reviews Apr 2023The possible role of inflammatory factors in the pathogenesis of restless legs syndrome (RLS) is not well understood. Because several inflammatory diseases have shown an... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis Review
The possible role of inflammatory factors in the pathogenesis of restless legs syndrome (RLS) is not well understood. Because several inflammatory diseases have shown an association with the risk for RLS, the measurement of serum/plasma levels of inflammatory factors has been a matter of a scarce number of studies. We performed a systematic review and a meta-analysis to assess the possible association of serum/plasma levels of inflammatory markers with the risk for RLS. Our results showed a significant trend towards higher serum/plasma C reactive protein (CRP) levels and higher neutrophil-to-lymphocyte (NLR) ratio in patients diagnosed with RLS than in controls, although statistical significance disappeared after applying the random-effects model. Further studies are needed to confirm the suggested possible role of inflammatory factors in the pathogenesis of RLS.
Topics: Humans; Restless Legs Syndrome; Prevalence
PubMed: 36634410
DOI: 10.1016/j.smrv.2022.101744 -
Handbook of Clinical Neurology 2020Classification is a tool for communication so that when clinicians, policy-makers, or researchers refer to some features they talk about the same thing. The...
Classification is a tool for communication so that when clinicians, policy-makers, or researchers refer to some features they talk about the same thing. The classification of neurodevelopmental problems in children and adolescents is crucial to better understand their prevalence and the intervention or treatment that should be provided. However, such classification might be challenging, especially when development aspects have to be taken into account. This chapter aims to provide a better understanding of the classification of neurodevelopmental disabilities. Thus, we provide an overview of the different classification systems that are the most commonly used, such as the well-known Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM) and International Classification of Diseases (ICD). Moreover, we address opportunities and challenges inherent to the classification of neurodevelopmental disorders and the implications for clinical practice and research areas.
Topics: Adolescent; Child; Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders; Humans; International Classification of Diseases; Prevalence
PubMed: 32958181
DOI: 10.1016/B978-0-444-64150-2.00001-0 -
Community Dental Health Aug 2019A review of the distribution of d₃mft scores for Wales was undertaken to inform decisions on future reporting of decay experience. Visual examination of data from one...
OBJECTIVE
A review of the distribution of d₃mft scores for Wales was undertaken to inform decisions on future reporting of decay experience. Visual examination of data from one survey suggested that caries in Wales is distributed along an exponential decay curve.
BASIC RESEARCH DESIGN
Weighted d₃mft data from 2007/8, 2011/12 and 2014/15 was utilised. The data was compared with a pragmatically chosen exponential decay model. Distribution curves for d₃mft were plotted for each data set, correlation coefficients calculated and residuals plotted.
RESULTS
The three surveys demonstrate similar exponential decay distributions across the range of d₃mft scores. Plots of each curve against the exponential decay model demonstrated close correlation (0.9826 - 0.9871). The progressive shift of these similarly shaped curves suggest similar levels of caries reduction across the spectrum of caries experience and thus improved oral health without widening of health inequality. The close fit with this simple mathematical model suggests that caries prevalence could be used to generate a theoretical distribution and thereby and estimate of mean d₃mft score. Such an approach could facilitate simplified oral health surveillance in areas where caries distributions are known from previous surveys.
CONCLUSIONS
Within Wales caries does seem to be distributed in line with an exponential decay curve. As a result decay prevalence and mean d₃mft are mathematically related. This finding may have potential to support simplified local oral health surveillance. The data provides evidence suggesting improvements in caries experience in Wales are not at the expense of increased inequality.
Topics: DMF Index; Dental Caries; Health Status Disparities; Humans; Oral Health; Prevalence; Wales
PubMed: 31436921
DOI: 10.1922/CDH_4476Monaghan04 -
Travel Medicine and Infectious Disease 2022According to published reports from the World Health Organization, it is estimated that more than 3% of the world's population is infected with HCV. Given the impact of... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis Review
BACKGROUND
According to published reports from the World Health Organization, it is estimated that more than 3% of the world's population is infected with HCV. Given the impact of various factors on the prevalence of HCV in the world's population and the lack of general statistics around the world, this study aims to review the studies conducted in this field and statistical analysis of the results of general statistical studies on the prevalence of HCV in the world population.
METHODS
In this study, systematic review and meta-analysis of information of the studies related to the prevalence of HCV in the world using keywords including: Prevalence, HCV, Hepatitis C, Healthy Population, Healthy subjects, and General Population in SID, MagIran, IranMedex, IranDoc, ScienceDirect, Embase, Scopus, PubMed, Web of Science (WoS) databases and Google Scholar search engine were extracted without time limit until April 2020. In order to perform the analysis of qualified studies, the model of random effects was used, and the inconsistency of studies with I index was investigated. Data analysis was performed with Comprehensive Meta-Analysis (Version 2).
RESULTS
In a study of 98 studies with a total sample size of 236,964 people in the world, the overall prevalence of HCV was 1.8% (95% CI: 1.4%-2.3%). Also, according to the subgroup analysis in different continents; the highest prevalence of HCV in the African continent was 7.1% (95% CI: 4.4-11.5%).
CONCLUSION
The results of this study show that the prevalence of hepatitis C in the world's population, especially in Africa, is almost high. Therefore, the officials of the World Health Organization should design measures to prevent the spread of this infection.
Topics: Africa; Hepacivirus; Hepatitis C; Humans; Prevalence
PubMed: 35007756
DOI: 10.1016/j.tmaid.2022.102255 -
Revista Latino-americana de Enfermagem 2023to identify the prevalence and factors associated with passive and active suicidal ideation throughout life among students entering graduate courses.
OBJECTIVE
to identify the prevalence and factors associated with passive and active suicidal ideation throughout life among students entering graduate courses.
METHOD
an analytical and cross-sectional study with a sample comprised of 321 students entering graduate courses. Multiple descriptive and inferential statistical analyses were performed.
RESULTS
the multivariate analyses indicated that passive and active suicidal ideation were similarly more prevalent among female students belonging to minority sexual orientations who engaged in daily physical activity ≤ 30 minutes/day and were victims of psychological violence in the past 12 months. Alcohol abuse, family relationships not impaired due to the demands imposed by stricto sensu graduate studies and low self-esteem were only associated with passive suicidal ideation. In turn, recent marijuana use in the last 30 days, poor interpersonal relationships with academic peers, and engagement in professional activities concomitantly with the demands imposed by graduate studies were only associated with active suicidal ideation.
CONCLUSION
high prevalence of lifetime passive and active suicidal ideation was identified among graduate students, and similarities and differences were verified between some associated factors for both outcomes.
Topics: Female; Humans; Alcoholism; Cross-Sectional Studies; Prevalence; Students; Suicidal Ideation; Male
PubMed: 37729246
DOI: 10.1590/1518-8345.6581.3980 -
Currents in Pharmacy Teaching & Learning Jan 2023To determine the prevalence of fixed vs. growth mindsets and imposter phenomenon (IP) scores among pharmacy students at one institution, identify variables that...
INTRODUCTION
To determine the prevalence of fixed vs. growth mindsets and imposter phenomenon (IP) scores among pharmacy students at one institution, identify variables that explained variance in fixed mindsets and IP, and determine if a correlation exists.
METHODS
A survey was developed and administered to first- to fourth-year students at the University of Kentucky College of Pharmacy. The survey included demographic questions, the Clance Imposter Phenomenon Scale (CIPS), and the Implicit Theories of Intelligence Scale (ITIS). Descriptive and inferential statistical analyses were conducted to determine the prevalence of IP and fixed vs. growth mindsets, identify variables that explained variance in CIPS and ITIS scores, and investigate if a correlation exists.
RESULTS
Pharmacy students reported a high rate of IP experiences; mean (SD) CIPS score of 67.2 (14). Thirty percent of students reported at least moderate IP experiences and 68.2% reported frequent or intense IP experiences. The majority of students (59.6%) reported a growth mindset. Gender was the only tested variable that explained variance in CIPS or ITIS scores, as male gender respondents had lower CIPS score as compared to those reporting female gender (63.27 vs 68.87, p=.006). A correlation was found between lower ITIS and higher CIPS scores (r = -0.221, P < .001).
CONCLUSIONS
Pharmacy students surveyed exhibited a high rate of IP and growth mindsets. Understanding that fixed mindsets and high rates of IP are correlated can help educators make informed decisions regarding targeted interventions, with the goal to improve overall student wellbeing.
Topics: Humans; Male; Female; Students, Pharmacy; Prevalence; Motivation; Anxiety Disorders
PubMed: 36898883
DOI: 10.1016/j.cptl.2023.02.009 -
Frontiers in Public Health 2023Due to environmental pollution, changes in lifestyle, and advancements in diagnostic technology, the prevalence of asthma has been increasing over the years. Although...
BACKGROUND
Due to environmental pollution, changes in lifestyle, and advancements in diagnostic technology, the prevalence of asthma has been increasing over the years. Although China has made early efforts in asthma epidemiology and prevention, there is still a lack of unified and comprehensive epidemiological research within the country. The objective of the study is to determine the nationwide prevalence distribution of asthma using the Baidu Index and China's Health Statistical Yearbook.
METHODS
Based on China's Health Statistical Yearbook, we analyzed the gender and age distribution of asthma in China from 2011 to 2020, as well as the length of hospitalization and associated costs. By utilizing the Baidu Index and setting the covering all 31 provinces and autonomous regions in China, we obtained the Baidu Index for the keyword 'asthma'. Heatmaps and growth ratios described the prevalence and growth of asthma in mainland China.
RESULTS
The average expenditure for discharged asthma (standard deviation) patients was ¥5,870 (808). The average length of stay (standard deviation) was 7.9 (0.38) days. During the period of 2011 to 2020, hospitalization expenses for asthma increased while the length of hospital stay decreased. The proportion of discharged patients who were children under the age of 5 were 25.3% (2011), 19.4% (2012), 16% (2013), 17.9% (2014), 13.9% (2015), 11.3% (2016), 10.2% (2017), 9.4% (2018), 8.1% (2019), and 7.2% (2020), respectively. The prevalence of asthma among boys was higher than girls before the age of 14. In contrast, the proportion of women with asthma was larger than men after the age of 14. During the period from 2011 to 2020, the median [The first quartile (Q1)-the third quartile (Q3)] daily asthma Baidu index in Guangdong, Beijing, Jiangsu, Sichuan, and Zhejiang were 419 (279-476), 328 (258-376), 315 (227-365), 272 (166-313), and 312 (233-362) respectively. Coastal regions showed higher levels of attention toward asthma, indicating a higher incidence rate. Since 2014, there has been a rapid increase in the level of attention toward asthma, with the provinces of Qinghai, Sichuan, and Guangdong experiencing the fastest growth.
CONCLUSION
There are regional variations in the prevalence of asthma among different provinces in China, and the overall prevalence of asthma is increasing.
Topics: Male; Child; Humans; Female; Prevalence; China; Age Distribution; Hospitalization; Asthma
PubMed: 37869190
DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2023.1221852 -
International Journal of Public Health 2023We aimed to investigate the effect of physical activity (PA) on non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) prevalence and long-term survival, particularly in some...
We aimed to investigate the effect of physical activity (PA) on non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) prevalence and long-term survival, particularly in some specific population such as those with different socioeconomic status (SES). Multivariate regression and interaction analyses were conducted to deal with confounders and interacting factors. Active PA was associated with lower prevalence of NAFLD in both cohorts. Individuals with active-PA had better long-term survival compared to those with inactive-PA in both cohorts, and the results were only statistically significant in NAFLD defined by US fatty liver index (USFLI). We found clear evidence that the beneficial role of PA was more obvious in individuals with better SES, and the statistical significances were presented in both two hepatic steatosis index (HSI)-NAFLD cohorts from the NHANES III and NHANES 1999-2014. Results were consistent in all sensitivity analyses. We demonstrated the importance of PA in decrease the prevalence and mortality of NAFLD, and highlights the need for improving SES simultaneously to increase the protective effect of PA.
Topics: Humans; Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease; Nutrition Surveys; Prevalence; Exercise; Socioeconomic Factors
PubMed: 37206096
DOI: 10.3389/ijph.2023.1605031 -
Advances in Neonatal Care : Official... Dec 2023Nursing assessment of milk flow regulation and associated apnea, bradycardia, and desaturation (ABD events) contribute to considerations for the discharge of newborns...
BACKGROUND
Nursing assessment of milk flow regulation and associated apnea, bradycardia, and desaturation (ABD events) contribute to considerations for the discharge of newborns from the acute care setting. Research regarding infant feeding-related (FR) events (sucking and swallowing difficulties) and ABD events in moderate to late-preterm and full-term infants is lacking.
PURPOSE
This study observes the impact of FR and ABD events during feeding on hospital length of stay (LOS) and healthcare utilization (cost) in moderate-to-late preterm newborns, as well as full-term infants.
METHODS
In a retrospective study, bottle-fed infants admitted to the level II specialty care nursery of an academic community hospital in Southern California were observed for FR and ABD events. Statistical analyses were used to determine the impact of FR events on adjusted LOS, to evaluate the interaction between FR event status and adjusted LOS on total hospital charges, and to assess the statistical independence between FR events and diagnostic-related group severity.
RESULTS
The full sample of patient records included 308 infants born between 32- and 44-week gestational age between April 1, 2018, and October 31, 2022. LOS was twice as long in infants who had FR events. Total median charges were higher in the group with FR events at $160,165 versus $64,380 with non-FR events.
IMPLICATIONS FOR PRACTICE AND RESEARCH
Increased knowledge in the epidemiology and nursing care of infants experiencing milk flow regulation and associated ABD events is critical for informing practices and guidelines related to the prevention of related morbidities.
Topics: Infant; Infant, Newborn; Humans; Infant, Premature; Length of Stay; Prevalence; Retrospective Studies; Gestational Age
PubMed: 37862366
DOI: 10.1097/ANC.0000000000001115 -
World Journal of Gastroenterology Dec 2022No large-scale epidemiological survey on the prevalence of gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) in China has been conducted. China has a large population and a complex... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis
BACKGROUND
No large-scale epidemiological survey on the prevalence of gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) in China has been conducted. China has a large population and a complex geographical environment. It is important to understand the prevalence and spatial distribution of GERD in China.
AIM
To explore the prevalence and the spatial, temporal, and population distributions of GERD in the natural Chinese population.
METHODS
We searched Chinese and English databases for literature on the prevalence of GERD in the natural Chinese population. The prevalence of GERD was pooled using a random-effects meta-analysis model. Subgroup analysis was performed according to time, region, and population. We used ArcGIS software to draw statistical maps and trend analysis charts. Spatial autocorrelation analysis was carried out using Geoda software. Spearman correlation analysis was used to assess the spatial distribution relationship between GERD and upper digestive tract tumours.
RESULTS
Altogether, 70 studies involving 276014 individuals from 24 provinces of China were included. The overall pooled prevalence of GERD was 8.7% (95%CI: 7.5%-9.9%) in mainland China. Over the past two decades, the prevalence of GERD in China has increased from 6.0% to 10.6%. GERD was more common in people aged 40-60, with body mass index ≥ 24, and of Uygur ethnicity. The prevalence was higher in the west and east than in the centre, and there may be a local spatial autocorrelation between the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau and the southeast. GERD was correlated with gastric ( = 0.421, = 0.041) and oesophageal tumours ( = 0.511, = 0.011) in spatial distribution.
CONCLUSION
GERD is becoming common in China. The prevalence differs by region and population. The development of appropriate strategies for the prevention and treatment of GERD is needed.
Topics: Humans; Risk Factors; Gastroesophageal Reflux; China; Prevalence; Body Mass Index
PubMed: 36533111
DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v28.i45.6410