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Journal of Chemotherapy (Florence,... Nov 2023During the Sars-Cov-2 pandemic, secondary pulmonary infections have increased, especially in critically ill patients, highlighting the need for new therapeutic options....
During the Sars-Cov-2 pandemic, secondary pulmonary infections have increased, especially in critically ill patients, highlighting the need for new therapeutic options. Trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (SXT) is the treatment of choice but the increase of resistant strains or adverse drug reactions limited its clinical use. Recently ceftazidime/avibactam (CZA) has been approved for the treatment of multi drug resistant (MDR) Gram-negative bacteria infections, including hospital acquired pneumonia. The aim of this study was to evaluate the activity of ceftazidime/avibactam (CZA) alone and in combination with aztreonam (ATM) against clinical isolates by E-test method. Susceptibility of SXT and levofloxacin (LEV) was also investigated. Our results showed 22% of resistance to CZA, 2% to SXT and 26% to LEV. CZA in combination with ATM demonstrated synergistic activity against 86% of the strains, including all those resistant to CZA. The combination of CZA with ATM provides a new therapeutic option for the treatment of severe respiratory infections in critically ill patients.
Topics: Humans; Aztreonam; Ceftazidime; Stenotrophomonas maltophilia; Critical Illness; Drug Combinations; Azabicyclo Compounds; Levofloxacin; Microbial Sensitivity Tests; Anti-Bacterial Agents
PubMed: 37615040
DOI: 10.1080/1120009X.2023.2247199 -
Infectious Disease Clinics of North... Mar 2024Patients with cystic fibrosis (CF) often develop respiratory tract infections with pathogenic multidrug-resistant organisms (MDROs) such as methicillin-resistant... (Review)
Review
Patients with cystic fibrosis (CF) often develop respiratory tract infections with pathogenic multidrug-resistant organisms (MDROs) such as methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus, and a variety of gram-negative organisms that include Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Burkholderia sp., Stenotrophomonas maltophilia, Achromobacter xylosoxidans, and nontuberculous mycobacteria (NTM). Despite the introduction of new therapies to address underlying cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) dysfunction, MDRO infections remain a problem and novel antimicrobial interventions are still needed. Therapeutic approaches include improving the efficacy of existing drugs by adjusting the dose based on differences in CF patient pharmacokinetics/pharmacodynamics, the development of inhaled formulations to reduce systemic adverse events, and the use of newer beta-lactam/beta-lactamase combinations. Alternative innovative therapeutic approaches include the use of gallium and bacteriophages to treat MDRO pulmonary infections including those with extreme antibiotic resistance. However, additional clinical trials are required to determine the optimal dosing and efficacy of these different strategies and to identify patients with CF most likely to benefit from these new treatment options.
Topics: Humans; Cystic Fibrosis; Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus; Stenotrophomonas maltophilia; Respiratory Tract Infections; Anti-Infective Agents; Anti-Bacterial Agents
PubMed: 38280761
DOI: 10.1016/j.idc.2023.12.002 -
Infection Control and Hospital... Sep 2023From April 1, 2016, through March 31, 2022, growth of from clinical specimens at our academic medical center was significantly more likely during July-September than...
From April 1, 2016, through March 31, 2022, growth of from clinical specimens at our academic medical center was significantly more likely during July-September than during other calendar quarters.
Topics: Humans; Stenotrophomonas maltophilia; Gram-Negative Bacterial Infections; Anti-Bacterial Agents
PubMed: 36416200
DOI: 10.1017/ice.2022.280 -
Pharmacotherapy Aug 2023Stenotrophomonas maltophilia is an opportunistic pathogen and frequent cause of serious nosocomial infections. Patient populations at greatest risk for these infections... (Review)
Review
Stenotrophomonas maltophilia is an opportunistic pathogen and frequent cause of serious nosocomial infections. Patient populations at greatest risk for these infections include the immunocompromised and those with chronic respiratory illnesses and prior antibiotic exposure, notably to carbapenems. Its complex virulence and resistance profile drastically limit available antibiotics, and incomplete breakpoint and pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic (PK/PD) data to inform dose optimization further complicates therapeutic approaches. Clinical comparison data of first-line agents, including trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (TMP-SMX), quinolones, and minocycline, are limited to conflicting observational data with no clear benefit of a single agent or combination therapy. Newer antibiotic approaches, including cefiderocol and aztreonam- avibactam, are promising alternatives for extensively drug-resistant isolates; however, clinical outcomes data are needed. The potential clinical utility of bacteriophage for compassionate use in treating S. maltophilia infections remains to be determined since data is limited to in-vitro and sparse in-vivo work. This article provides a review of available literature for S. maltophilia infection management focused on related epidemiology, resistance mechanisms, identification, susceptibility testing, antimicrobial PK/PD, and emerging therapeutic strategies.
Topics: Humans; Stenotrophomonas maltophilia; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Trimethoprim, Sulfamethoxazole Drug Combination; Minocycline; Anti-Infective Agents; Gram-Negative Bacterial Infections; Microbial Sensitivity Tests
PubMed: 37199104
DOI: 10.1002/phar.2828 -
Virus Genes Apr 2021Stenotrophomonas maltophilia (hereinafter referred to as S. maltophilia) has developed into an important opportunistic pathogenic bacterium, which is prevalent in...
Stenotrophomonas maltophilia (hereinafter referred to as S. maltophilia) has developed into an important opportunistic pathogenic bacterium, which is prevalent in nosocomial and community infections, and has adverse effects on patients with a compromised immune system. Phage vB_SmaS_BUCT548 was isolated from sewage of Beijing 307 Hospital with S. maltophilia (strain No.824) as a host. Phage morphology was observed by transmission electron microscopy and its biological and genomic characteristics were determined. The electron microscope shows that the bacteriophage belonged to the Siphoviridae and MOI is 0.001. One-step growth curve shows that the incubation period is 30 min and the burst size is 134 PFU/Cell. The host range is relatively wide and it can lysis 11of 13 S. maltophilia strains. Next-Generation Sequencing (NGS) results show that the genome sequence is a dsDNA with 62354 bp length, and the GC content is 56.3% (GenBank: MN937349). One hundred and two online reading frames (ORFs) are obtained after RAST online annotation and the BlastN nucleic acid comparison shows that the phage had low homology with other phages in NCBI database. This study reports a novel S. maltophilia phage named vB_SmaS_BUCT548, which has a short incubation period, strong lytic ability, and a wide host range. The main characteristic of this bacteriophage is the novelty of the genomic sequence and the analysis of the other characteristics provides basic data for further exploring the interaction mechanism between the phage and the host.
Topics: DNA, Viral; Genome, Viral; High-Throughput Nucleotide Sequencing; Host Specificity; Sequence Analysis, DNA; Sewage; Siphoviridae; Stenotrophomonas maltophilia
PubMed: 33471272
DOI: 10.1007/s11262-020-01818-5 -
Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) Sep 2022Immobilization is a commonly used method in response to the need to increase the resistance of microorganisms to the toxic effects of xenobiotics. In this study, a plant...
Immobilization is a commonly used method in response to the need to increase the resistance of microorganisms to the toxic effects of xenobiotics. In this study, a plant sponge from was used as a carrier for the immobilization of the KB2 strain since such a carrier meets the criteria for high-quality carriers, i.e., low price and biodegradability. The optimal immobilization conditions were established as a temperature of 30 °C, pH 7.2, incubation time of 72 h, and an optical density of the culture of 1.4. The strain immobilized in such conditions was used for the biodegradation of naproxen, and an average rate of degradation of 3.8 µg/hour was obtained under cometabolic conditions with glucose. The obtained results indicate that a microbiological preparation based on immobilized cells on a luffa sponge can be used in bioremediation processes where it is necessary to remove the introduced carrier.
Topics: Biodegradation, Environmental; Glucose; Luffa; Naproxen; Stenotrophomonas maltophilia; Xenobiotics
PubMed: 36144528
DOI: 10.3390/molecules27185795 -
Frontiers in Microbiology 2023To investigate the activity of antibiotic combinations against isolates and their associated biofilms.
OBJECTIVES
To investigate the activity of antibiotic combinations against isolates and their associated biofilms.
METHODS
Thirty-two clinical isolates with at least twenty-five different pulsotypes were tested. The antibacterial activity of various antibiotic combinations against seven randomly selected planktonic and biofilm-embedded strains with strong biofilm formation was assessed using broth methods. Extraction of bacterial genomic DNA and PCR detection of antibiotic resistance and biofilm-related genes were also performed.
RESULTS
The susceptibility rates of levofloxacin (LVX), fosfomycin (FOS), tigecycline (TGC) and sulfamethoxazole-trimethoprim (SXT) against 32 isolates were 56.3, 71.9, 71.9 and 90.6%, respectively. Twenty-eight isolates were detected with strong biofilm formation. Antibiotic combinations, including aztreonam-clavulanic (ATM-CLA) with LVX, ceftazidime-avibactam (CZA) with LVX and SXT with TGC, exhibited potent inhibitory activity against these isolates with strong biofilm formation. The antibiotic resistance phenotype might not be fully caused by the common antibiotic-resistance or biofilm-formation gene.
CONCLUSION
remained resistant to most antibiotics, including LVX and β-lactam/β-lactamases; however, TGC, FOS and SXT still exhibited potent activity. Although all tested isolates exhibited moderate-to-strong biofilm formation, combination therapies, especially ATM-CLA with LVX, CZA with LVX and SXT with TGC, exhibited a higher inhibitory activity for these isolates.
PubMed: 37408643
DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1186669 -
Respiratory Medicine Mar 2022Little information is available about Stenotrophomonas maltophilia in patients with bronchiectasis. We analyzed data from the US Bronchiectasis and NTM Research Registry...
INTRODUCTION
Little information is available about Stenotrophomonas maltophilia in patients with bronchiectasis. We analyzed data from the US Bronchiectasis and NTM Research Registry to determine its prevalence and association with patient characteristics and severity of disease.
METHODS
Baseline and follow-up data were entered into a central web-based database. Patients were grouped into four cohorts based on their baseline cultures: 1) S. maltophilia, no Pseudomonas aeruginsosa, 2) P. aeruginosa, no S. maltophilia, 3) No pathogens, 4) Pathogens other than P. aeruginosa and S. maltophilia. The association between S. maltophilia, demographic characteristics, pulmonary function, exacerbations and hospitalizations was assessed at baseline and one year follow-up.
RESULTS
Among 2659 patients, 134 (5.0%) had grown S. maltophilia at baseline. The prior exacerbation rate at baseline was similar in patients with S. maltophilia and P. aeruginosa, but significantly higher than the other two groups. Hospitalizations were more frequent in patients with S. maltophilia or P. aeruginosa. Pre-bronchodilator FEV1 among S. maltophilia patients was between that of Pseudomonas patients and patients without either organism, but was not significantly different from any of the other groups. For all risk-adjusted one-year outcomes, patients with S. maltophilia had a non-significant trend towards worse outcomes compared to patients without P. aeruginosa, but were more similar to patients with P aeruginosa.
DISCUSSION
Bronchiectasis patients with S. maltophilia may have worse outcomes than patients without this organism or without P. aeruginosa; further study is needed to determine if the non-significant trends we note are clinically significant.
Topics: Bronchiectasis; Humans; Lung; Pseudomonas aeruginosa; Registries; Stenotrophomonas maltophilia
PubMed: 35124355
DOI: 10.1016/j.rmed.2022.106746 -
Phytopathology Oct 2023is a versatile bacterium found in plants, water, air, and even hospital settings. Deep taxono phylogenomics studies have revealed that is a complex of several hidden...
is a versatile bacterium found in plants, water, air, and even hospital settings. Deep taxono phylogenomics studies have revealed that is a complex of several hidden species that are not differentiated using conventional approaches. In the last two decades, there have been increasing reports of as a pathogen of diverse plants. Hence, proper taxonogenomic assessment of plant-pathogenic strains and species within the complex (Smc) is required. In the present study, we formally propose a taxonomic amendment of and , reported as pathogens of and Betelvine () plants, respectively, as a misclassified member species of the Smc. Recently, a novel species of the genus, , was reported as a leaf spot pathogen of the oak tree genus . Interestingly, our investigation also revealed as another plant-pathogenic member species of the Smc lineage. In addition, we provide deep phylo-taxonogenomic evidence that strain JZL8, reported as a plant pathogen, is a misclassified strain of , making it the fourth member species of the Smc harboring plant-pathogenic strains. Therefore, a proper taxonomic assessment of plant-pathogenic strains and species from the Smc is required for further systematic studies and management.
Topics: Stenotrophomonas maltophilia; Phylogeny; Plant Diseases; Pseudomonas
PubMed: 37202377
DOI: 10.1094/PHYTO-11-22-0434-SC -
Veterinary Research Communications Feb 2022Tick-borne viruses and bacteria that can cause diseases of animals and humans have high impact and are of concern as significant threats to human health worldwide. In...
Tick-borne viruses and bacteria that can cause diseases of animals and humans have high impact and are of concern as significant threats to human health worldwide. In this research, we screened microorganisms related to those pathogens in ticks from dogs, a cat, and a cow. The techniques used were PCR, DNA sequencing and phylogenetic analysis to detect and classify the microorganisms [Flavivirus, severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome virus (SFTSV), Phlebovirus, Coronavirus, Canine Parvovirus, eubacteria, Coxiella and Rickettsia]. A novel virus named Phlebovirus-like-AYUT and Stenotrophomonas maltophilia bacteria were found in one individual tick (Rhipicephalus sanguineus s.l.) from a dog. All tick samples were negative for Rickettsia, while 9/21 (42.9 %) were positive for Coxiella bacteria. The novel virus "Phlebovirus-like-AYUT" (the name derives from Phra Nakhon Si Ayutthaya Province in Thailand) was resolved by phylogenetic analysis of the partial L segment by maximum likelihood (ML) method using MEGA X. The phylogenetic tree also indicated that the virus was related to Phlebovirus in brown dog ticks reported in Trinidad and Tobago. In contrast, Phlebovirus-like-AYUT was in a distinct clade from Lihan tick Phlebovirus-Thailand (LTPV), which was previously found in cow ticks, Rhipicephalus microplus, in Nan Province, Thailand. This study reports the Stenotrophomonas maltophilia bacterium with a novel Phlebovirus-like-AYUT in a brown dog tick. The roles of this bacterium in a virus-positive tick or in viral transmission from animal host requires further investigation.
Topics: Animals; Cattle; Cattle Diseases; Coinfection; Dog Diseases; Dogs; Female; Phlebovirus; Phylogeny; Rhipicephalus sanguineus; Stenotrophomonas maltophilia; Thailand
PubMed: 34725749
DOI: 10.1007/s11259-021-09855-7