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BMJ Case Reports Aug 2022Spinal epidural abscess (SEA) is a surgical emergency if it causes paraplegia. and streptococci are the most common causes. has been reported to cause SEA only on...
Spinal epidural abscess (SEA) is a surgical emergency if it causes paraplegia. and streptococci are the most common causes. has been reported to cause SEA only on three occasions earlier-all were associated with endocarditis or colonic malignancy. We report an older woman with diabetic ketoacidosis who presented with poorly localised back pain, fever and altered sensorium. Her lumbar puncture revealed frank pus, and MRI showed an SEA. She could not be weaned from mechanical ventilation post-surgical decompression, and she succumbed to ventilator-associated pneumonia. A triad of fever, back pain and neurological deficit should lead one to consider intraspinal suppuration. This report is the first -related SEA from India and the first in literature that was not associated with either endocarditis or colonic malignancy.
Topics: Aged; Back Pain; Colonic Neoplasms; Endocarditis; Epidural Abscess; Female; Humans; Streptococcus gallolyticus
PubMed: 35999017
DOI: 10.1136/bcr-2022-250733 -
Indian Journal of Critical Care... Oct 2020is an underrecognized agent of systemic infections. It underwent reclassification into different subtypes and is currently termed as . Bacteremia due to has been...
is an underrecognized agent of systemic infections. It underwent reclassification into different subtypes and is currently termed as . Bacteremia due to has been traditionally associated with colon cancer or hepatobiliary disease and can result in endocarditis. Detection of in blood cultures prompts a thorough clinical evaluation in order to clarify the source of the bloodstream infection and the presence of complications. Subspeciation is crucial to understand the disease association, which is now possible with the use of phenotypic detection methods, such as, Vitek 2. The retrospective study by Niyas et al. serves to call attention to this organism and optimal approach to management. Soman R, Eashwernath R. Bacteremia due to : A Name with an Ominous Significance? Indian J Crit Care Med 2020;24(10):901-902.
PubMed: 33281311
DOI: 10.5005/jp-journals-10071-23623 -
Digestive Diseases and Sciences Aug 2023Streptococcus gallolyticus subspecies gallolyticus (SGG) and Fusobacterium (F.) nucleatum have been implicated in colorectal carcinogenesis. Here, the association of...
BACKGROUND
Streptococcus gallolyticus subspecies gallolyticus (SGG) and Fusobacterium (F.) nucleatum have been implicated in colorectal carcinogenesis. Here, the association of immune responses to bacterial exposure with advancing stages of colorectal neoplasia was assessed by multiplex serology.
METHODS
Immunoglobulin (Ig) A and G antibody responses to eleven proteins each of F. nucleatum and SGG were measured in plasma of controls (n = 100) and patients with colorectal cancer (CRC, n = 25), advanced adenoma (n = 82), or small polyps (n = 85). Multivariable logistic regression was used to evaluate the association of bacterial sero-positivity with colorectal neoplasia. In a cohort subset with matched data (n = 45), F. nucleatum sero-positivity was correlated with bacterial abundance in both neoplastic and matched normal tissue.
RESULTS
IgG sero-positivity to Fn1426 of F. nucleatum was associated with an increased CRC risk (OR = 4.84; 95% CI 1.46-16.0), while IgA sero-positivity to any SGG protein or specifically Gallo0272 and Gallo1675 alone was associated with increased advanced adenoma occurrence (OR = 2.02, 95% CI 1.10-3.71; OR = 2.67, 95% CI 1.10-6.46; and OR = 6.17, 95% CI 1.61-23.5, respectively). Only F. nucleatum abundance in the normal mucosa positively correlated with the IgA response to the Fn1426 antigen (Correlation coefficient (r) = 0.38, p < 0.01).
CONCLUSION
Antibody responses to SGG and F. nucleatum were associated with occurrence of colorectal adenomas and CRC, respectively. Further studies are needed to clarify the role these microbes or the immune response to their antigens may have in colorectal carcinogenesis stages.
Topics: Humans; Fusobacterium nucleatum; Streptococcus gallolyticus; Antibody Formation; Colorectal Neoplasms; Bacteria; Adenoma; Carcinogenesis; Fusobacterium Infections
PubMed: 37338617
DOI: 10.1007/s10620-023-08001-4 -
Emerging Infectious Diseases Jan 2022To evaluate trends in bacterial causes of valvular endocarditis in swine, we retrospectively analyzed 321 cases diagnosed at Iowa State University Veterinary Diagnostic...
To evaluate trends in bacterial causes of valvular endocarditis in swine, we retrospectively analyzed 321 cases diagnosed at Iowa State University Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratory (Ames, IA, USA) during May 2015--April 2020. Streptococcus gallolyticus was the causative agent for 7.59% of cases. This emerging infection in swine could aid study of endocarditis in humans.
Topics: Animals; Endocarditis; Endocarditis, Bacterial; Retrospective Studies; Streptococcal Infections; Streptococcus gallolyticus; Swine; United States
PubMed: 34932445
DOI: 10.3201/eid2801.210998 -
Infectious Diseases (London, England) Oct 2022complex (SBSEC) comprise several species and subspecies and is a common cause of infective endocarditis (IE). subsp. () accounts for a majority of SBSEC IE, but the...
BACKGROUND
complex (SBSEC) comprise several species and subspecies and is a common cause of infective endocarditis (IE). subsp. () accounts for a majority of SBSEC IE, but the risk of IE for other subspecies is largely unknown. We aimed to investigate the clinical presentation of bacteraemia, and proportion of patients with IE in bacteraemia with the most common subspecies.
METHODS
A retrospective cohort study of SBSEC-bacteraemia identified in clinical laboratory databases, in Skåne Region, Sweden, 2003-2018. Bacteraemia with subsp. () and subsp. () were included. Subspecies was identified by whole genome sequencing. Medical charts were reviewed according to a predetermined protocol, IE was defined by the criteria from European Society of Cardiology.
RESULTS
In total, 210 episodes of SBSEC-bacteraemia were included. Definite IE was identified in 28/210 (13%) episodes. Of these, 7/28 (25%) were prosthetic valve-IE, 1/28 (4%) related to a cardiovascular implantable electronic device and 10/28 (36%) required heart valve surgery. The proportions of IE among different subspecies were: 17/52 (33%), 5/31 (16%) 4/83 (5%) and 2/44 (5%) ( < 0.001). and were more often associated with intra-abdominal- and polymicrobial infection.
CONCLUSION
The proportion of IE in SBSEC-bacteraemia varies substantially depending on subspecies. Echocardiography should always be considered in bacteraemia with and , and can sometimes be omitted in bacteraemia with and .
Topics: Bacteremia; Endocarditis; Endocarditis, Bacterial; Humans; Retrospective Studies; Streptococcal Infections; Streptococcus; Streptococcus bovis
PubMed: 35730935
DOI: 10.1080/23744235.2022.2089730 -
IDCases 2022is a gram-positive coccus belonging to the family (SBSEC). Most cases of SBSEC bacteremia are reported in elderly males with underlying hepatobiliary disease and...
is a gram-positive coccus belonging to the family (SBSEC). Most cases of SBSEC bacteremia are reported in elderly males with underlying hepatobiliary disease and associated with infective endocarditis (IE) or colonic malignancy. The gastrointestinal tract is the most common portal of entry, followed by the urinary tract and hepatobiliary tree. We present 5 cases of intrapartum bacteremia caused reported from the labor unit of our hospital from 2019 to 2021. There was histopathological or microbiological evidence of chorioamnionitis in each case. All the mothers were below the age of 35 years, and none of them had underlying hepatobiliary or colonic disease. All maternal antenatal screenings for (GBS) were negative. All the isolates were susceptible to penicillins, ceftriaxone, carbapenems, and vancomycin. Three of them were treated with ceftriaxone and two with aminopenicillins. Duration of treatment varied from 8 days to 14 days. None of the babies were low birth weight or pre-term. All but one baby had clinical sepsis requiring neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) stay, with one having evidence of meningitis and three respiratory distress syndromes (RDS). None of the babies had bacteremia. All mothers and babies made a complete recovery without any complications. These cases suggest that can be a rare but emerging cause of intrauterine infection complicated by post-partum bacteremia. There is possibility of colonization of maternal genital tract with causing neonatal infection.
PubMed: 35815109
DOI: 10.1016/j.idcr.2022.e01562 -
Microbiology Spectrum Dec 2022Streptococcus bovisStreptococcus equinus complex (SBSEC) is a common cause of infective endocarditis (IE). For IE-pathogens, the capacity to activate and aggregate...
Streptococcus bovisStreptococcus equinus complex (SBSEC) is a common cause of infective endocarditis (IE). For IE-pathogens, the capacity to activate and aggregate platelets is believed to be an important virulence mechanism. While the interactions between bacteria and platelets have been described in detail for many Gram-positive pathogens, little research has been carried out with SBSEC in this respect. Twenty-six isolates of the four most common species and subspecies of SBSEC identified in bacteremia were collected, and interactions with platelets were investigated in platelet rich plasma (PRP) from three donors. Aggregation was studied using light-transmission aggregometry and platelet activation using flow cytometry detecting surface upregulation of CD62P. Platelets and serum were treated with different inhibitors to determine mechanisms involved in platelet aggregation and activation. Twenty-two of 26 isolates induced aggregation in at least one donor, and four isolates induced aggregation in all three donors. In PRP from donor 1, isolate SL1 induced a rapid aggregation with a median time of 70 s to reach 50% aggregation. Blockade of the platelet Fc-receptor or enzymatic cleavage of IgG abolished platelet activation and aggregation. The capacity for bacteria-induced platelet aggregation was also shown to be transferable between donors through serum. SBSEC mediates platelet aggregation in an IgG and IgG-Fc-receptor dependent manner. Bacterial activation of platelets through this pathway is common for many bacteria causing IE and could be a potential therapeutic target for the prevention and treatment of this infection. The capacity of bacteria to activate and aggregate platelets is believed to contribute to the pathogenesis of IE. The Streptococcus bovis/Streptococcus equinus complex (SBSEC) contains known IE-pathogens, but there is limited research on the different subspecies ability to interact with platelets and what signaling pathways are involved. This study reports that 22 of 26 tested isolates of different subspecies within SBSEC can induce aggregation, and that aggregation is host dependent. The Fc-IgG-receptor pathway was shown essential for platelet activation and aggregation. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study that reports on platelet interactions of SBSEC-isolates other than Streptococcus gallolyticus subspecies as well as the first study to report of mechanisms of platelet interaction of SBSEC-isolates. It adds SBSEC to a group of bacteria that activate and aggregate platelets via the platelet Fc-receptor. This could be a potential therapeutic target for prevention of IE.
Topics: Streptococcus bovis; Platelet Activation; Platelet Aggregation; Blood Platelets; Immunoglobulin G
PubMed: 36374116
DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.01861-22 -
PLoS Pathogens Oct 2022Streptococcus gallolyticus subspecies gallolyticus (Sgg) has a strong clinical association with colorectal cancer (CRC) and actively promotes the development of colon...
Streptococcus gallolyticus subspecies gallolyticus (Sgg) has a strong clinical association with colorectal cancer (CRC) and actively promotes the development of colon tumors. Previous work showed that this organism stimulates CRC cells proliferation and tumor growth. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying these activities are not well understood. Here, we found that Sgg upregulates the expression of several type of collagens in HT29 and HCT116 cells, with type VI collagen (ColVI) being the highest upregulated type. Knockdown of ColVI abolished the ability of Sgg to induce cell proliferation and reduced the adherence of Sgg to CRC cells. The extracellular matrix (ECM) is an important regulator of cell proliferation. Therefore, we further examined the role of decellularized matrix (dc-matrix), which is free of live bacteria or cells, in Sgg-induced cell proliferation. Dc-matrix prepared from Sgg-treated cells showed a significantly higher pro-proliferative activity than that from untreated cells or cells treated with control bacteria. On the other hand, dc-matrix from Sgg-treated ColVI knockdown cells showed no difference in the capacity to support cell proliferation compared to that from untreated ColVI knockdown cells, suggesting that the ECM by itself is a mediator of Sgg-induced cell proliferation. Furthermore, Sgg treatment of CRC cells but not ColVI knockdown CRC cells resulted in significantly larger tumors in vivo, suggesting that ColVI is important for Sgg to promote tumor growth in vivo. These results highlight a dynamic bidirectional interplay between Sgg and the ECM, where Sgg upregulates collagen expression. The Sgg-modified ECM in turn affects the ability of Sgg to adhere to host cells and more importantly, acts as a mediator for Sgg-induced CRC cell proliferation. Taken together, our results reveal a novel mechanism in which Sgg stimulates CRC proliferation through modulation of the ECM.
Topics: Cell Proliferation; Collagen Type VI; Colorectal Neoplasms; Extracellular Matrix; Humans; Streptococcus gallolyticus subspecies gallolyticus
PubMed: 36191045
DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1010894 -
BMC Infectious Diseases Sep 2019Infections by Streptococcus gallolyticus subsp. pasteurianus (SGSP) is often underestimated. Herein, the epidemiological features and resistant characteristics of SGSP...
BACKGROUND
Infections by Streptococcus gallolyticus subsp. pasteurianus (SGSP) is often underestimated. Herein, the epidemiological features and resistant characteristics of SGSP in mainland China are characterized to enable a better understanding of its role in clinical infections.
METHODS
In the present work, 45 SGSP isolates were collected from the samples of bloodstream, urine, aseptic body fluid, and fetal membrane/placenta from patients in 8 tertiary general hospitals of 6 cities/provinces in China from 2011 to 2017. The identification of all isolates was performed using traditional biochemical methods, 16S rRNA and gyrB sequencing, followed by the characterization of their antibiotic resistance profiling and involved genes.
RESULTS
Among 34 non-pregnancy-related patients, 4 (4/34,11.8%) patients had gastrointestinal cancer, 10 (10/34, 29.4%) patients had diabetes, and one patient had infective endocarditis. Moreover, 11 cases of pregnant women were associated with intrauterine infection (9/11, 81.2%) and urinary tract infection (1/11, 9.1%), respectively. Except one, all other SGSP isolates were correctly identified by the BD Phoenix automated system. We found that all SGSP isolates were phenotypically susceptible to penicillin, ampicillin, cefotaxime, meropenem, and vancomycin. Forty strains (40/45, 88.9%) were both erythromycin and clindamycin-resistant, belonging to the cMLS phenotype, and the majority of them carried erm(B) gene (39/40, 97.5%). Although the cMLS/erm(B) constituted the most frequently identified phenotype/genotype combination (25/40, 62.5%) among all erythromycin-resistant cMLS isolates, erm(B)/erm(A), erm(B)/mef(A/E), and erm(B)/erm(T) was detected in 7, 4, and 3 isolates, respectively. Furthermore, 43 strains (43/45, 95.6%) were tetracycline-resistant, and out of these, 39 strains (39/45, 86.7%) carried tet(L), 27(27/45, 60.0%) strains carried tet(O), and 7 (7/45, 15.6%) strains carried tet(M), alone or combined, respectively. All erythromycin-resistant isolates were also resistant to tetracycline.
CONCLUSIONS
It is important to study and draw attention on SGSP, an underreported opportunistic pathogen targeting immunodeficient populations, notably elderly subjects, pregnant women and neonates.
Topics: Adult; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Bacteremia; Bacterial Proteins; China; Drug Resistance, Bacterial; Female; Humans; Infant, Newborn; Male; Microbial Sensitivity Tests; Middle Aged; Phenotype; Phylogeny; Pregnancy; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; Streptococcal Infections; Streptococcus gallolyticus; Uterine Diseases; Young Adult
PubMed: 31500570
DOI: 10.1186/s12879-019-4413-5 -
Veterinary Microbiology Sep 2019Suppurative meningitis-meningoencephalitis (M-ME) is a sporadic disease in neonatal ungulates and only a few studies have reported the involvement of Streptococcus...
Suppurative meningitis-meningoencephalitis (M-ME) is a sporadic disease in neonatal ungulates and only a few studies have reported the involvement of Streptococcus bovis/Streptococcus equinus complex (SBSEC) members in bovine neonatal M-ME. The SBSEC taxonomy was recent revised and previous biotype II/2 was reclassified as S. gallolyticus subsp. pasteurianus (SGP). The aim of this study was to describe a case of fatal neonatal neurological syndrome associated with SGP in calves. Ten calves were monitored because of neurological hyperacute symptoms associate with bilateral hypopyon and death. They were not fed with maternal colostrum; two of them died and were subjected to bacteriological, histopathological and biomolecular analysis as well as antibiotic susceptibility test. Both animals presented lesions mostly concentrated to meninges and brain and had bilateral hypopyon. Nine strains isolated in purity from brain, ocular humors and colon were identified as S. bovis group by using the API Strep system and as S. gallolyticus by using the 16S rRNA sequence. Two of these strains where subjected to WGS analysis that confirmed the sub-species identification and the clonality of the two SGP strains. The strains were found resistant to OT, SXT, MTZ and EN and susceptible to AMP, AMC, KZ and CN. We hypothesized that the syndrome observed could be due to the lack of maternal colostrum feeding. A timely and precise diagnosis could have likely prevented the death of the calves and, since the zoonotic potential of SBSECs members is known, accurate and rapid identification is required.
Topics: Animals; Cattle; Cattle Diseases; Central Nervous System Diseases; Meningitis, Bacterial; Meningoencephalitis; Streptococcal Infections; Streptococcus gallolyticus
PubMed: 31500733
DOI: 10.1016/j.vetmic.2019.07.021