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Microbiology Spectrum Aug 2023This study aimed to identify which streptococcal species are closely associated with infective endocarditis (IE) and to evaluate risk factors for mortality in patients...
This study aimed to identify which streptococcal species are closely associated with infective endocarditis (IE) and to evaluate risk factors for mortality in patients with streptococcal IE. We performed a retrospective cohort study of all patients with streptococcal bloodstream infection (BSI) from January 2010 to June 2020 in a tertiary hospital in South Korea. We compared clinical and microbiological characteristics of streptococcal BSIs according to the diagnosis of IE. We performed multivariate analysis to evaluate the risk of IE according to streptococcal species and risk factors for mortality in streptococcal IE. A total of 2,737 patients were identified during the study period, and 174 (6.4%) were diagnosed with IE. The highest IE prevalence was in patients with Streptococcus mutans BSI (33% [9/27]) followed by S. sanguinis (31% [20/64]), S. gordonii (23% [5/22]), S. gallolyticus (16% [12/77]), and S. oralis (12% [14/115]). In multivariate analysis, previous IE, high-grade BSI, native valve disease, prosthetic valve, congenital heart disease, and community-onset BSI were independent risk factors for IE. After adjusting for these factors, S. sanguinis (adjusted OR [aOR], 7.75), S. mutans (aOR, 5.50), and S. gallolyticus (aOR, 2.57) were significantly associated with higher risk of IE, whereas S. pneumoniae (aOR, 0.23) and (aOR, 0.37) were associated with lower risk of IE. Age, hospital-acquired BSI, ischemic heart disease, and chronic kidney disease were independent risk factors for mortality in streptococcal IE. Our study points to significant differences in the prevalence of IE in streptococcal BSI according to species. Our study of risk of infective endocarditis in patients with streptococcal bloodstream infection demonstrated that Streptococcus sanguinis, S. mutans, and S. gallolyticus were significantly associated with higher risk of infective endocarditis. However, when we evaluated the performance of echocardiography in patients with streptococcal bloodstream infection, patients with S. mutans and S. gordonii bloodstream infection had a tendency of low performance in echocardiography. There are significant differences in the prevalence of infective endocarditis in streptococcal bloodstream infection according to species. Therefore, performing echocardiography in streptococcal bloodstream infection with a high prevalence of, and significant association with, infective endocarditis is desirable.
Topics: Humans; Retrospective Studies; Streptococcus; Endocarditis, Bacterial; Endocarditis; Streptococcal Infections; Sepsis
PubMed: 37284757
DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.01049-23 -
International Journal of Molecular... Oct 2019Here, we reviewed emerging evidence on the role of the microbial community in colorectal carcinogenesis. A healthy gut microbiota promotes intestinal homeostasis and can... (Review)
Review
Here, we reviewed emerging evidence on the role of the microbial community in colorectal carcinogenesis. A healthy gut microbiota promotes intestinal homeostasis and can exert anti-cancer effects; however, this microbiota also produces a variety of metabolites that are genotoxic and which can negatively influence epithelial cell behaviour. Disturbances in the normal microbial balance, known as dysbiosis, are frequently observed in colorectal cancer (CRC) patients. Microbial species linked to CRC include certain strains of , and amongst others. Whether these microbes are merely passive dwellers exploiting the tumour environment, or rather, active protagonists in the carcinogenic process is the subject of much research. The incidence of chemically-induced tumours in mice models varies, depending upon the presence or absence of these microorganisms, thus strongly suggesting influences on disease causation. Putative mechanistic explanations differentially link these strains to DNA damage, inflammation, aberrant cell behaviour and immune suppression. In the future, modulating the composition and metabolic activity of this microbial community may have a role in prevention and therapy.
Topics: Animals; Bacteroides; Colorectal Neoplasms; DNA Damage; Fusobacterium; Gastrointestinal Microbiome; Humans; Inflammation; Streptococcus; Tumor Microenvironment
PubMed: 31653078
DOI: 10.3390/ijms20215295 -
Arab Journal of Gastroenterology : the... Aug 2023Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the second most common cancer in Malaysia and mostly detected at advanced stages due to lack of awareness of CRC symptoms and signs. CRC...
BACKGROUND AND STUDY AIMS
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the second most common cancer in Malaysia and mostly detected at advanced stages due to lack of awareness of CRC symptoms and signs. CRC pathogenesis is multifactorial, and there is ambiguous evidence on association of Streptococcus gallolyticus infection with CRC that needs further attention. Thus, a case-control study was conducted to determine whether S. gallolyticus infection is a predictor for CRC occurrence among patients attending Sultan Ahmad Shah Medical Centre@IIUM (SASMEC@IIUM).
PATIENTS AND METHODS
A total of 33 stool samples from patients diagnosed with CRC and 80 from patients without CRC attending surgical clinic of SASMEC@IIUM were collected and analyzed with iFOBT test and PCR assay to detect S. gallolyticus.
RESULTS
In this study, the proportion of S. gallolyticus infection was higher among patients with CRC (48.5%) compared with the control group (20%). Univariate analysis shows that occult blood in stool, S. gallolyticus infection and family history were significantly associated with the development of CRC (P < 0.05). Using the multivariate logistic regression model, positive stool PCR for S. gallolyticus had the lowest relative standard error and almost five times the odds of developing CRC after adjusting other factors (adjusted odds ratio = 4.7, 95% confidence interval = 1.7-12.6, relative standard error = 59.6%).
CONCLUSION
This finding suggests that S. gallolyticus infection was the strongest predictor of CRC's development in our study and potentially serves as a predictive marker for early detection of disease progression.
Topics: Humans; Case-Control Studies; Colorectal Neoplasms; Streptococcal Infections; Nucleic Acid Amplification Techniques; Streptococcus gallolyticus
PubMed: 37156704
DOI: 10.1016/j.ajg.2023.02.002 -
Frontiers in Cellular and Infection... 2022subspecies () is an opportunistic pathogen causing invasive infections in the elderly often associated with colon neoplasia. The prevalence of in the stools of...
PURPOSE
subspecies () is an opportunistic pathogen causing invasive infections in the elderly often associated with colon neoplasia. The prevalence of in the stools of patients with normal colonoscopy (control) was compared with patients with colorectal adenomas (CRA) or with carcinomas (CRC) from stages I to IV. The presence of the s island encoding colibactin as well as other CRC-associated bacteria such as toxicogenic , , and was also investigated.
PATIENTS AND METHODS
Fecal samples collected in France between 2011 and 2016 from patients with normal colonoscopy ( = 25), adenoma ( = 23), or colorectal cancer at different stages ( = 81) were tested by PCR for the presence of , , , , and the island. Relative quantification of , , and in stools was performed by qPCR.
RESULTS
prevalence was significantly increased in the CRC group. Our results also revealed i) a strong and significant increase of toxinogenic in patients with early-stage adenoma and of island at late-stage CRC and ii) increased levels of and in the stools of CRC patients. Furthermore, the simultaneous detection of these five bacterial markers was only found in CRC patients.
CONCLUSIONS
Our results indicate that the prevalence or relative levels of CRC-associated bacteria vary during CRC development. Among them, (+) was singled out as the sole pathobiont detected at the early adenoma stage.
Topics: Aged; Bacteria; Bacterial Infections; Bacteroides fragilis; Carcinoma; Humans; Streptococcus gallolyticus
PubMed: 35360109
DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2022.794391 -
Poultry Science Oct 2023Streptococcus gallolyticus (SG) is a Gram-positive cocci found as commensal gut flora in animals and humans. SG has emerged as a cause of disease in young poults between...
Isolation, characterization, and experimental infection of Streptococcus gallolyticus subspecies pasteurianus from commercial turkeys with acute septicemia: a pilot study.
Streptococcus gallolyticus (SG) is a Gram-positive cocci found as commensal gut flora in animals and humans. SG has emerged as a cause of disease in young poults between 1 and 3 wk of age. SG is associated with septicemia resulting in acute mortality with no premonitory signs in turkeys. Three SG isolates were obtained from clinical field cases of acute septicemia of commercial turkeys and used in three independent experiments. In Experiment 1, embryos were inoculated 25 d of embryogenesis with varying concentrations of SG1, SG2, or SG3. In Experiment 2, day of hatch, poults were inoculated with varying concentrations using different routes of administration of SG1, SG2, or SG3. In Experiment 3, day of hatch, poults were inoculated with only isolate SG1 using different paths. Poults were randomly selected for necropsy on d 8 and d 15 and sampled to collect spleen, heart, and liver for SG on d 21, the remaining poults were necropsied and cultured. Samples were plated on Columbia nalidixic acid and colistin agar (CNA) (40°C, 18-24 h). Matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS) confirmed suspect colonies. Data were analyzed using the chi-square test of independence, testing all possible combinations to determine significance (P < 0.05). Weight data were subjected to ANOVA using JMP with significance (P < 0.05). No differences were found in BW or BWG on d 0, 8, 15, or 22. Splenomegaly, focal heart necrosis, and pericarditis were observed in all groups in experiments 1 through 3. In Experiment 3, only airsacculitis was observed in a negative control in separate isolation (P > 0.05). On d 21 of Experiment 3, increased (P < 0.05) recovery of SG from spleens were observed in co-housed negative controls, as well as poults challenged by oral gavage (P > 0.05 for d 7 and d 14). These results confirm numerous previous studies indicating that SG subsp. pasteurianus is a primary infectious microorganism that causes septicemia in young poults.
Topics: Animals; Chickens; Pilot Projects; Poultry Diseases; Sepsis; Streptococcus gallolyticus; Turkeys
PubMed: 37540949
DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2023.102950 -
Journal of Medical Microbiology Apr 2020Against the backdrop of increasing resistance to conventional antibiotics, bacteriocins represent an attractive alternative, given their potent activity, novel modes of...
Against the backdrop of increasing resistance to conventional antibiotics, bacteriocins represent an attractive alternative, given their potent activity, novel modes of action and perceived lack of issues with resistance. In this study, the nature of the antibacterial activity of a clinical isolate of was investigated. Optimization of the production of an inhibitor from strain AB39 was performed using different broth media and supplements. Purification was carried out using size exclusion, ion exchange and HPLC. Gel diffusion agar overlay, MS/MS, peptide sequencing and genome mining were used in a proteogenomics approach to facilitate identification of the genetic basis for production of the inhibitor. Strain AB39 was identified as representing subsp. and the successful production and purification of the AB39 peptide, named nisin P, with a mass of 3133.78 Da, was achieved using BHI broth with 10 % serum. Nisin P showed antibacterial activity towards clinical isolates of drug-resistant bacteria, including methicillin-resistant , vancomycin-resistant and penicillin-resistant . In addition, the peptide exhibited significant stability towards high temperature, wide pH and certain proteolytic enzymes and displayed very low toxicity towards sheep red blood cells and Vero cells. To the best of our knowledge, this study represents the first production, purification and characterization of nisin P. Further study of nisin P may reveal its potential for treating or preventing infections caused by antibiotic-resistant Gram-positive bacteria, or those evading vaccination regimens.
Topics: Amino Acid Sequence; Animals; Chromatography; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; Erythrocytes; Gram-Positive Bacteria; Hemolysis; Molecular Structure; Nisin; Sheep; Streptococcus gallolyticus; Tandem Mass Spectrometry
PubMed: 32125268
DOI: 10.1099/jmm.0.001170 -
European Journal of Case Reports in... 2022Infective endocarditis is a condition associated with high morbidity and mortality, usually with univalvular involvement. We describe the case of a 76-year-old woman...
UNLABELLED
Infective endocarditis is a condition associated with high morbidity and mortality, usually with univalvular involvement. We describe the case of a 76-year-old woman with triple-valve endocarditis due to , complicated by perivalvular suppurative lesions, acute heart failure and acute kidney injury. Unfortunately, the patient died despite antibiotic therapy and emergent surgery. This case highlights uncommon triple-valve involvement in the absence of risk factors, posing a diagnostic and therapeutic challenge.
LEARNING POINTS
Native triple-valve endocarditis is extremely rare, especially in the absence of predisposing conditions. has been associated with endocarditis as well colonic and hepatobiliary pathology, so gastrointestinal endoscopy is important as bacteraemia frequently precedes gastrointestinal symptoms, allowing prompt diagnosis.In multivalvular involvement, early surgery is often required, and timely recognition and treatment before complications develop may be decisive for prognosis.
PubMed: 35520359
DOI: 10.12890/2022_003350 -
Scientific Reports Sep 2023In this work, we investigated the oncogenic role of Streptococcus gallolyticus subsp. gallolyticus (SGG), a gut bacterium associated with colorectal cancer (CRC). We...
In this work, we investigated the oncogenic role of Streptococcus gallolyticus subsp. gallolyticus (SGG), a gut bacterium associated with colorectal cancer (CRC). We showed that SGG UCN34 accelerates colon tumor development in a chemically induced CRC murine model. Full proteome and phosphoproteome analysis of murine colons chronically colonized by SGG UCN34 revealed that 164 proteins and 725 phosphorylation sites were differentially regulated. Ingenuity Pathway Analysis (IPA) indicates a pro-tumoral shift specifically induced by SGG UCN34, as ~ 90% of proteins and phosphoproteins identified were associated with digestive cancer. Comprehensive analysis of the altered phosphoproteins using ROMA software revealed up-regulation of several cancer hallmark pathways such as MAPK, mTOR and integrin/ILK/actin, affecting epithelial and stromal colonic cells. Importantly, an independent analysis of protein arrays of human colon tumors colonized with SGG showed up-regulation of PI3K/Akt/mTOR and MAPK pathways, providing clinical relevance to our findings. To test SGG's capacity to induce pre-cancerous transformation of the murine colonic epithelium, we grew ex vivo organoids which revealed unusual structures with compact morphology. Taken together, our results demonstrate the oncogenic role of SGG UCN34 in a murine model of CRC associated with activation of multiple cancer-related signaling pathways.
Topics: Humans; Animals; Mice; Disease Models, Animal; Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinases; Proteomics; TOR Serine-Threonine Kinases; Colonic Neoplasms; Phosphoproteins; Proteome; Streptococcus gallolyticus subspecies gallolyticus; Signal Transduction
PubMed: 37696912
DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-41951-3 -
Journal of Microbiology, Immunology,... Dec 2021Although Streptococcus gallolyticus subspecies pasteurianus (SGSP) is a rare pathogen in children, it can cause invasive infections among neonates and infants. Herein,...
BACKGROUND/PURPOSE
Although Streptococcus gallolyticus subspecies pasteurianus (SGSP) is a rare pathogen in children, it can cause invasive infections among neonates and infants. Herein, we report bacteremia/meningitis caused by SGSP in three neonates and review the literature on bacteremia and/or meningitis caused by this organism.
METHODS
Three neonates, referred from an obstetrics clinic within a 2-month period, presented with invasive SGSP infections. The bacterial isolates were analyzed using Bruker Biotyper MALDI-TOF, sequencing of 16S rRNA and sodA genes (encoding manganese dependent superoxide dismutase), and PCR restriction fragment length polymorphism assay of groESL gene. Molecular typing was performed to evaluate the genetic relatedness.
RESULTS
The median onset age of infection in the three neonates was 3 days (range 2-5 days). They were delivered through cesarean section in the same operation room under different doctors, and were cared for by different nurses. Patient A presented with bacteremia, patient B with bacteremia and meningitis, and patient C with meningitis. Four isolates were identified as SGSP and were susceptible to penicillin G, cefotaxime, and vancomycin. All patients were treated with ampicillin plus cefotaxime for 14 days, and no complications were observed. The molecular typing results suggested that all isolates belonged to a single clone, which indicated the possibility of an outbreak in the obstetrics clinic.
CONCLUSION
Infection by a rare pathogen such as SGSP in multiple patients belonging to a single healthcare unit indicates that detailed investigation and stringent infection control policy are necessary for preventing further outbreaks of such diseases.
Topics: Anti-Bacterial Agents; Bacteremia; Bacterial Proteins; Cluster Analysis; Cross Infection; Female; Humans; Infant, Newborn; Male; Meningitis; Microbial Sensitivity Tests; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; Streptococcal Infections; Streptococcus
PubMed: 32768337
DOI: 10.1016/j.jmii.2020.07.004 -
World Journal of Gastrointestinal... Feb 2022Various studies have shown the interplay between the intestinal microbiome, environmental factors, and genetic changes in colorectal cancer (CRC) development. In this... (Review)
Review
Various studies have shown the interplay between the intestinal microbiome, environmental factors, and genetic changes in colorectal cancer (CRC) development. In this review, we highlight the various gut and oral microbiota associated with CRC and colorectal adenomas, and their proposed molecular mechanisms in relation to the processes of "the hallmarks of cancer", and differences in microbial diversity and abundance between race/ethnicity. Patients with CRC showed increased levels of enterotoxigenic () and . Higher levels of have been found in African American (AA) compared to Caucasian American (CA) patients. Pro-inflammatory bacteria such as and species were significantly higher in AAs. Also, AA patients have been shown to have decreased microbial diversity compared to CA patients. Some studies have shown that using microbiome profiles in conjunction with certain risk factors such as age, race and body mass index may help predict healthy colon one with adenomas or carcinomas. Periodontitis is one of the most common bacterial infections in humans and is more prevalent in Non-Hispanic-Blacks as compared to Non-Hispanic Whites. This condition causes increased systemic inflammation, immune dysregulation, gut microbiota dysbiosis and thereby possibly influencing colorectal carcinogenesis. Periodontal-associated bacteria such as , and have been found in CRC tissues and in feces of CRC patients. Therefore, a deeper understanding of the association between oral and gastrointestinal bacterial profile, in addition to identifying prevalent bacteria in patients with CRC and the differences observed in ethnicity/race, may play a pivotal role in predicting incidence, prognosis, and lead to the development of new treatments.
PubMed: 35317317
DOI: 10.4251/wjgo.v14.i2.375