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Frontiers in Cellular and Infection... 2022Respiratory infections seriously affect the swine industry worldwide. Co-infections of two vital pathogenic bacteria () and (), colonizing the respiratory tract often...
Respiratory infections seriously affect the swine industry worldwide. Co-infections of two vital pathogenic bacteria () and (), colonizing the respiratory tract often occurs in veterinary clinical practice. Moreover, our previous research found that and can form biofilm . The formation of a mixed biofilm not only causes persistent infections, but also increases the multiple drug resistance of bacteria, which brings difficulties to disease prevention and control. However, the methods for detecting and in co-infection and biofilm are immature. Therefore, in this study, primers and probes were designed based on the conservative sequence of gene and IVA gene. Then, a TaqMan duplex real-time PCR method for simultaneous detection of and was successfully established optimizing the reaction system and conditions. The specificity analysis results showed that this TaqMan real-time PCR method had strong specificity and high reliability. The sensitivity test results showed that the minimum detection concentration of and recombinant plasmid was 10 copies/μL, which is 100 times more sensitive than conventional PCR methods. The amplification efficiencies of and were 95.9% and 104.4% with R value greater than 0.995, respectively. The slopes of the calibration curves of absolute cell abundance of and were 1.02 and 1.09, respectively. The assays were applied to cultivated mixed biofilms and approximately 10 CFUs per biofilm were quantified when 10 CFUs planktonic bacteria of either or were added to biofilms. In summary, this study developed a TaqMan real-time PCR assay for specific, accurate quantification of or in mixed biofilms, which may help for the detection, prevention and control of diseases caused by a bacterial mixed infection involving and .
Topics: Actinobacillus Infections; Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae; Animals; Biofilms; Coinfection; Reproducibility of Results; Streptococcus suis; Swine; Swine Diseases
PubMed: 35992166
DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2022.898412 -
Journal of Applied Microbiology Mar 2021This study aimed to investigate the antimicrobial resistance (AMR) profiles and genotypes of Streptococcus suis from Jiangxi Province, China.
AIMS
This study aimed to investigate the antimicrobial resistance (AMR) profiles and genotypes of Streptococcus suis from Jiangxi Province, China.
METHODS AND RESULTS
A total of 314 nasal swab samples were collected from clinically healthy pigs, with a positive isolation rate of S. suis of 34·08%. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing showed that more than 80% of the isolates were susceptible to vancomycin, penicillin, minocycline and chloramphenicol. A high frequency of resistance to clindamycin, tetracycline, clarithromycin and erythromycin was observed. All of the isolates were resistant to three or more categories of antimicrobials. The erm(B) and tet(O) served as the most frequent genotypes that contributed to lincosamide, macrolide and tetracycline resistances. A part of macrolide-resistant genotypes could not exhibit specific phenotypes. Finally, integrative and conjugative elements (ICEs) were identified in 28·97% of the isolates.
CONCLUSIONS
The multidrug resistance of S. suis has widely emerged in Jiangxi Province. The most prevalent resistance genes and genotypes were similar to those in other regions or countries. The presence of ICEs is increasing the risk of horizontal transfer of AMR genes.
SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY
The findings could provide guidance for the rational use of antimicrobial drugs and be helpful for monitoring the AMR information of S. suis in China.
Topics: Animals; Anti-Bacterial Agents; China; DNA Transposable Elements; Drug Resistance, Multiple, Bacterial; Genes, Bacterial; Genotype; Microbial Sensitivity Tests; Phenotype; Streptococcal Infections; Streptococcus suis; Swine; Swine Diseases
PubMed: 32881196
DOI: 10.1111/jam.14831 -
PLoS Neglected Tropical Diseases Jan 2021Streptoccocus suis (S.suis) infection is a neglected zoonosis disease in humans mainly affects men of working age. We estimated the health and economic burden of S.suis...
BACKGROUND
Streptoccocus suis (S.suis) infection is a neglected zoonosis disease in humans mainly affects men of working age. We estimated the health and economic burden of S.suis infection in Thailand in terms of years of life lost, quality-adjusted life years (QALYs) lost, and productivity-adjusted life years (PALYs) lost which is a novel measure that adjusts years of life lived for productivity loss attributable to disease.
METHODS
A decision-analytic Markov model was developed to simulate the impact of S. suis infection and its major complications: death, meningitis and infective endocarditis among Thai people in 2019 with starting age of 51 years. Transition probabilities, and inputs pertaining to costs, utilities and productivity impairment associated with long-term complications were derived from published sources. A lifetime time horizon with follow-up until death or age 100 years was adopted. The simulation was repeated assuming that the cohort had not been infected with S.suis. The differences between the two set of model outputs in years of life, QALYs, and PALYs lived reflected the impact of S.suis infection. An annual discount rate of 3% was applied to both costs and outcomes. One-way sensitivity analyses and Monte Carlo simulation modeling technique using 10,000 iterations were performed to assess the impact of uncertainty in the model.
KEY RESULTS
This cohort incurred 769 (95% uncertainty interval [UI]: 695 to 841) years of life lost (14% of predicted years of life lived if infection had not occurred), 826 (95% UI: 588 to 1,098) QALYs lost (21%) and 793 (95%UI: 717 to 867) PALYs (15%) lost. These equated to an average of 2.46 years of life, 2.64 QALYs and 2.54 PALYs lost per person. The loss in PALYs was associated with a loss of 346 (95% UI: 240 to 461) million Thai baht (US$11.3 million) in GDP, which equated to 1.1 million Thai baht (US$ 36,033) lost per person.
CONCLUSIONS
S.suis infection imposes a significant economic burden both in terms of health and productivity. Further research to investigate the effectiveness of public health awareness programs and disease control interventions should be mandated to provide a clearer picture for decision making in public health strategies and resource allocations.
Topics: Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Cost of Illness; Efficiency; Female; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Public Health; Quality-Adjusted Life Years; Streptococcal Infections; Streptococcus suis
PubMed: 33481785
DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0008985 -
International Journal of Molecular... May 2021As an important zoonotic pathogen, () infection has been reported to be a causative agent for variety of diseases in humans and animals, especially Streptococcal toxic...
As an important zoonotic pathogen, () infection has been reported to be a causative agent for variety of diseases in humans and animals, especially Streptococcal toxic shock-like syndrome (STSLS), which is commonly seen in cases of severe infection. STSLS is often accompanied by excessive production of inflammatory cytokines, which is the main cause of death. This calls for development of new strategies to avert the damage caused by STSLS. In this study, we found for the first time that Baicalein, combined with ampicillin, effectively improved severe infection. Further experiments demonstrated that baicalein significantly inhibited the hemolytic activity of SLY by directly binding to SLY and destroying its secondary structure. Cell-based assays revealed that Baicalein did not exert toxic effects and conferred protection in -infected cells. Interestingly, compared with ampicillin alone, Baicalein combined with ampicillin resulted in a higher survival rate in mice severely infected with . At the same time, we found that baicalein can be combined with meropenem against MRSA. In conclusion, these results indicate that baicalein has a good application prospect.
Topics: Animals; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Cytokines; Disease Models, Animal; Drug Resistance, Bacterial; Drug Therapy, Combination; Flavanones; Hemolysis; Host-Pathogen Interactions; Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus; Mice; Microbial Sensitivity Tests; Models, Molecular; Molecular Conformation; Streptococcal Infections; Streptococcus suis; Structure-Activity Relationship
PubMed: 34072443
DOI: 10.3390/ijms22115829 -
Enfermedades Infecciosas Y... Oct 2020Streptococcus suis (S. suis) infection is poorly described zoonosis in our country, which is related with exposure to pigs or their meat. The most common clinical...
INTRODUCTION
Streptococcus suis (S. suis) infection is poorly described zoonosis in our country, which is related with exposure to pigs or their meat. The most common clinical presentation is meningitis, while spinés involvement is rare.
METHODS
We report 2 cases of S. suis infection and perform a systematic review of the articles published on S. suis spondylodiscitis between January 1994 and May 2020 with the aim of defining the clinical characteristics, predisposing factors and evolution.
RESULTS
17 cases are described, 76.5% males with a mean age of 57.6 years, generally without associated underlying disease. Enolism was a factor present in 17.6%. 70.6% had exposure to pigs or their meat and 20% hand injuries. The mean duration of symptoms was 10.2 days and the most affected segment was the lumbar level. 70.6% had meningitis. All were treated with beta-lactams with an average duration of 53.2 days. There was a recurrence and none died.
CONCLUSION
There are few cases of S. suis spondylodiscitis in the literature. When occurs, it is associated with another type of infection in most cases. They present a good response to medical treatment and a good prognosis.
PubMed: 33069490
DOI: 10.1016/j.eimc.2020.08.005 -
Translational Animal Science 2023() is an endemic zoonotic pathogen still lacking adequate prevention in pigs. The present case study looked back to the occurrence and consequences of outbreaks in our...
() is an endemic zoonotic pathogen still lacking adequate prevention in pigs. The present case study looked back to the occurrence and consequences of outbreaks in our swine research facilities in search of new metabolic and physiological insight. From a series of outbreaks, a dataset was created including 56 pigs sampled during disease detection based on clinical signs. Pigs suspected with infection were defined as diseased ( = 28) and included pigs defined as neurologically diseased ( = 20) when severe neurological signs (central nervous system dysfunctions, i.e., opisthotonos, ataxia, and generalized tremor) were observed. Another set of 28 pigs included respective pen mates from each case and were defined as control. Representative deaths were confirmed to be caused by Tonsillar swabs were collected and analyzed by quantitative polymerase chain reaction () for total bacteria, total , and serotypes () 2 (and/or 1/2) and 9. Blood and sera were analyzed to quantify blood gases, minerals, and reactive immunoglobulins against current isolates. Data collected included litter sibling associations, birth and weaning body weight (), and average daily gain () 7 d after the disease detection. In general, the disease increased pH, sO and the incidence of alkalosis, but reduced pCO, glucose, Ca, P, Mg, K, and Na in blood/serum compared to control. The SS2 (and/or SS1/2) prevalence was significantly ( < 0.05) increased in neurologically diseased pigs and its relative abundance tended ( < 0.10) to increase in tonsils. In contrast, the relative abundance of total was lower ( > 0.05) in diseased pigs than control pigs. Levels of reactive IgG2 were lower, but IgM were higher ( < 0.03) in neurologically affected pigs compared to control. Furthermore, there was an increased proportion of sibling pigs that were diseased compared to control. In conclusion, our results evidence that naturally affected pigs were associated to average performing pigs without any predisease trait to highlight but a sow/litter effect. Besides, neurologically affected pigs had increased (SS2 and/or 1/2) prevalence and relative abundance, a respiratory alkalosis profile, and mineral loss.
PubMed: 38023423
DOI: 10.1093/tas/txad126 -
Journal of Applied Microbiology Mar 2021Streptococcus suis is a highly zoonotic pathogen that is a serious threat to human health and the development of the pig industry worldwide. The virulence factors...
AIMS
Streptococcus suis is a highly zoonotic pathogen that is a serious threat to human health and the development of the pig industry worldwide. The virulence factors produced during S. suis infection play an important role, and the pore-forming activity of suilysin is considered an important virulence-related factor, especially in meningitis. Treatment of S. suis infection with traditional antibiotics is becoming increasingly challenging due to bacterial resistance. The purpose of this study is to verify the role of cryptotanshinone in the process of S. suis infection and provide a new drug precursor for the treatment of S. suis infection.
METHODS AND RESULTS
In this study, we used circular dichroism spectroscopy to demonstrate that cryptotanshinone alters the secondary structure of suilysin. The results of the antibacterial activity and haemolysis assays showed cryptotanshinone could inhibit the pore-forming activity of suilysin without affecting bacterial growth or its expression. We also showed that cryptotanshinone reduces bacterial damage and penetration in vitro, reduce the S. suis-induced inflammatory response and provide protection against bacterial infections in vivo and in vitro.
CONCLUSIONS
Cryptotanshinone is a potential compound precursor for treating S. suis infection.
SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY
Cryptotanshinone may be a promising leading compound for S. suis infection and related diseases.
Topics: Animals; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Hemolysin Proteins; Hemolysis; Humans; Inflammation; Mice; Phenanthrenes; Protein Structure, Secondary; Streptococcal Infections; Streptococcus suis; Virulence; Virulence Factors
PubMed: 32750224
DOI: 10.1111/jam.14810 -
Frontiers in Microbiology 2023Diseases caused by the zoonotic pathogen are an extensive economic problem as well as an animal welfare concern for the global swine industry. Previous studies have...
Diseases caused by the zoonotic pathogen are an extensive economic problem as well as an animal welfare concern for the global swine industry. Previous studies have evaluated the genomic diversity and population structure of isolates, however, the majority of these studies utilized isolates obtained from countries other than the U.S. This study applied whole genome sequencing and cgMLST-based typing to evaluate the population structure and genetic relatedness among isolates obtained within the U.S. The established high-resolution phylogenomic framework revealed extensive genomic variation and diversity among the sampled isolates, with isolates from the U.S. and from countries outside the U.S. found interspersed in the phylogeny. isolates obtained within the U.S. did not cluster by state or geographic location, however, isolates with similar serotypes, both obtained from within and outside the U.S., generally clustered together. Average nucleotide identity (ANI) values determined for the genomes were extensively broad, approaching the recommended species demarcation value, and correlated with the phylogenetic group distribution of the cgMLST-based tree. Numerous antimicrobial resistance (AMR) elements were identified among both U.S. and non-U.S. isolates with , , and genes identified as the most prevalent. The , , and genes, historically used as markers for virulence potential, were also observed in the genomes of isolates that grouped together forming a subclade of clonal complex 1 (CC1) isolates. Collectively, the data in this report provides critical information needed to address potential biosurveillance needs and insights into the genetic diversity and population structure of isolates obtained within the U.S.
PubMed: 37808309
DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1250265 -
Emerging Infectious Diseases Dec 2019Streptococcus suis is an emerging agent of zoonotic bacterial meningitis in Asia. We describe the epidemiology of S. suis cases and clinical signs and microbiological...
Streptococcus suis is an emerging agent of zoonotic bacterial meningitis in Asia. We describe the epidemiology of S. suis cases and clinical signs and microbiological findings in persons with meningitis in Bali, Indonesia, using patient data and bacterial cultures of cerebrospinal fluid collected during 2014-2017. We conducted microbiological assays using the fully automatic VITEK 2 COMPACT system. We amplified and sequenced gene fragments of glutamate dehydrogenase and recombination/repair protein and conducted PCR serotyping to confirm some serotypes. Of 71 cases, 44 were confirmed as S. suis; 29 isolates were serotype 2. The average patient age was 48.1 years, and 89% of patients were male. Seventy-seven percent of patients with confirmed cases recovered without complications; 11% recovered with septic shock, 7% with deafness, and 2% with deafness and arthritis. The case-fatality rate was 11%. Awareness of S. suis infection risk must be increased in health promotion activities in Bali.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Bacterial Proteins; Biomarkers; DNA Restriction Enzymes; Female; Geography, Medical; History, 21st Century; Humans; Indonesia; Male; Meningitis, Pneumococcal; Middle Aged; Phylogeny; Polymerase Chain Reaction; Public Health Surveillance; Serotyping; Streptococcus suis; Symptom Assessment
PubMed: 31742523
DOI: 10.3201/eid2512.181709 -
International Journal of Molecular... Sep 2023is an emerging zoonotic pathogen that can cause fatal diseases such as meningitis and sepsis in pigs and human beings. The overuse of antibiotics is leading to an...
is an emerging zoonotic pathogen that can cause fatal diseases such as meningitis and sepsis in pigs and human beings. The overuse of antibiotics is leading to an increased level of resistance in , and novel antimicrobial agents or anti-virulence agents for the treatment of infections caused by are urgently needed. In the present study, we investigated the antibacterial activity, mode of action and anti-virulence effects of floxuridine against . Floxuridine showed excessive antibacterial activity against both in vivo and in vitro; 4 × MIC of floxuridine could kill within 8 h in a time-kill assay. Meanwhile, floxuridine disrupted the membrane structure and permeability of the cytoplasmic membrane. Molecular docking revealed that floxuridine and SLY can be directly bind to each other. Moreover, floxuridine effectively inhibited the hemolytic capacity and expression levels of the virulence-related genes of . Collectively, these results indicate that the FDA-approved anticancer drug floxuridine is a promising agent and a potential virulence inhibitor against .
PubMed: 37762514
DOI: 10.3390/ijms241814211