-
International Journal of Environmental... Oct 2022Individuals who suffer from suicidal ideation frequently express their views and ideas on social media. Thus, several studies found that people who are contemplating...
Individuals who suffer from suicidal ideation frequently express their views and ideas on social media. Thus, several studies found that people who are contemplating suicide can be identified by analyzing social media posts. However, finding and comprehending patterns of suicidal ideation represent a challenging task. Therefore, it is essential to develop a machine learning system for automated early detection of suicidal ideation or any abrupt changes in a user's behavior by analyzing his or her posts on social media. In this paper, we propose a methodology based on experimental research for building a suicidal ideation detection system using publicly available Reddit datasets, word-embedding approaches, such as TF-IDF and Word2Vec, for text representation, and hybrid deep learning and machine learning algorithms for classification. A convolutional neural network and Bidirectional long short-term memory (CNN-BiLSTM) model and the machine learning XGBoost model were used to classify social posts as suicidal or non-suicidal using textual and LIWC-22-based features by conducting two experiments. To assess the models' performance, we used the standard metrics of accuracy, precision, recall, and F1-scores. A comparison of the test results showed that when using textual features, the CNN-BiLSTM model outperformed the XGBoost model, achieving 95% suicidal ideation detection accuracy, compared with the latter's 91.5% accuracy. Conversely, when using LIWC features, XGBoost showed better performance than CNN-BiLSTM.
Topics: Deep Learning; Female; Humans; Machine Learning; Male; Neural Networks, Computer; Social Media; Suicidal Ideation
PubMed: 36231935
DOI: 10.3390/ijerph191912635 -
American Journal of Preventive Medicine May 2022This study evaluates the effectiveness of the Veterans Crisis Line on immediate call outcomes (i.e., caller distress, suicidal ideation, and suicidal urgency) for...
INTRODUCTION
This study evaluates the effectiveness of the Veterans Crisis Line on immediate call outcomes (i.e., caller distress, suicidal ideation, and suicidal urgency) for veterans who provide identifying information.
METHODS
Coders rated pre- and post-distress, suicidal ideation, and suicidal urgency for 647 calls from 2019 veteran callers. Intraclass correlation coefficients examined inter-rater reliability. Multilevel generalized linear modeling examined pre-post changes.
RESULTS
Inter-rater reliability was good for distress, excellent for suicidal ideation, and fair for urgency. Callers had 5 times greater odds of a reduction in distress (AOR=5.03, 95% CI=3.98, 6.49), almost 5 times greater odds of a reduction in suicidal ideation (AOR=4.92, 95% CI=3.49, 6.94), and 11 times greater odds of a reduction in suicidal urgency (AOR=11.01, 95% CI=2.72, 44.50) at the end of calls than at the beginning.
CONCLUSIONS
Veterans Crisis Line callers who provide identifying information experience reductions in distress and suicidal ideation during the call. Research is needed to examine the reduction in suicidal urgency because of fair reliability, generalizability of results to other callers, post-call treatment contact and engagement, and risk for suicide attempts and death.
Topics: Hotlines; Humans; Reproducibility of Results; Risk Factors; Suicidal Ideation; Suicide, Attempted; Veterans
PubMed: 35063305
DOI: 10.1016/j.amepre.2021.11.013 -
Journal of Community Psychology Jul 2021Suicide is one of the most devastating, yet preventable, health disparities for African American adolescents. African American adolescent suicidal ideation and behavior...
Suicide is one of the most devastating, yet preventable, health disparities for African American adolescents. African American adolescent suicidal ideation and behavior may have different manifestations and risk factors relative to those of adolescents from other ethnic backgrounds that impact prevention efforts. For example, in addition to more common manifestations of suicidal ideation and behavior, African American youth may engage in violent or high-risk behaviors, use more lethal means, or report ideation at lower depression levels. The Adapted-Coping with Stress Course (A-CWS), an adaptation of Gregory Clarke and colleagues' Coping with Stress Course, was developed to address the cultural nuances of African American adolescents. The A-CWS is a 15-session cognitive-behavioral, group-based preventive intervention that aims to enhance adaptive coping skills and reduce suicidal ideation, by incorporating strategies that counter stressors associated with systemic racism that burden African American adolescents. This study evaluated the feasibility and acceptability of the A-CWS intervention, using a sample of predominantly African American ninth-grade students. Results indicated that the adolescents were very favorable and receptive to the A-CWS intervention and that the intervention could be conducted feasibly. The A-CWS intervention serves as a model to advance culturally-grounded, evidence-based preventive intervention, for an underserved sector of adolescents.
Topics: Adaptation, Psychological; Adolescent; Adolescent Behavior; Black or African American; Humans; Racism; Suicidal Ideation
PubMed: 33675671
DOI: 10.1002/jcop.22543 -
The International Journal of Social... Aug 2023There is solid evidence that spirituality and religiousness may reduce the suicidal ideation of individuals. However, studies are scarce on medical students.
BACKGROUND
There is solid evidence that spirituality and religiousness may reduce the suicidal ideation of individuals. However, studies are scarce on medical students.
AIMS
To investigate the relationship between spirituality, religiousness, and suicidal ideation among Brazilian medical students.
METHODS
This is a cross-sectional study including Brazilian medical students. Sociodemographic and health variables, suicidal ideation (item 9 of the Beck Depression Inventory - BDI), spiritual and religious Coping (Brief SRC), religiousness (Duke Religion Index), spiritual well-being - Meaning, Peace and Faith (FACIT SP-12), and depressive (PHQ-9) and anxiety (GAD-7) symptoms were assessed.
RESULTS
A total of 353 medical students were included, 62.0% presented significant depressive symptoms, 44.2% presented significant anxiety symptoms, and 14.2% presented suicidal ideation. In the adjusted Logistic Regression models, meaning ( = 0.90, = .035) and faith ( = 0.91, = .042) were associated with lower suicidal ideation, while negative spiritual and religious coping was associated with greater suicidal ideation ( = 1.08; = .006).
CONCLUSION
There was a high prevalence of suicidal ideation among Brazilian medical students. Spirituality and religiousness were associated with suicidal ideation in two different directions. These findings could help educators and health professionals to understand suicidal ideation among medical students, helping in the development of preventive strategies to mitigate such problem.
Topics: Humans; Spirituality; Suicidal Ideation; Students, Medical; Cross-Sectional Studies; Religion
PubMed: 36794490
DOI: 10.1177/00207640231153497 -
Archives of Suicide Research : Official... 2023Youth suicidal ideation is regarded as a serious psychological problem that hinders their mental health development. Parental attachment is considered a critical factor... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis
Youth suicidal ideation is regarded as a serious psychological problem that hinders their mental health development. Parental attachment is considered a critical factor linked with youth suicidal ideation, but existing findings are still inconsistent. The present study was based on the PRISMA method; it employed a three-level meta-analysis to obtain reliable estimates of effect size and examined a range of moderators (sample, publication, outcome). Through the retrieval of articles published before November 2020, a systematic search yielded 31 independent studies ( = 12848) from which 109 effect sizes could be extracted. The present meta-analysis revealed a significant negative correlation between parental attachment and youth suicidal ideation ( = -0.108, < 0.001), implying that youths show a higher level of suicidal ideation when they experienced lower quality of parental attachment. Moreover, the overall association was influenced by different parental attachment patterns. More specifically, youth suicidal ideation was more strongly associated with parental alienation ( = 0.501, < 0.001) than with parental communication ( = -0.173, < 0.001). The moderator analyses also showed that the type of instrument used was a significant moderator of the association between parental attachment and youth suicidal ideation. The strength of the overall association was significantly stronger when measured with the IPPA (Inventory of Parent and Peer Attachment) ( = -0.181, = 0.003) than with the ECR (Experiences in Close Relationships) ( = 0.085, = 0.003). These results indicate that assessing parental attachment is important in strengthening interventions that target suicidal ideation among youths.HIGHLIGHTSOur analysis revealed a significant negative association between parental attachment and youth.Specifically, the presence of a secure relationship with parents, as perceived by the youth, brings forth feelings of appreciation, acceptance, safety, and confidence, that predispose the individual to seek help in a more consistent manner and to resist to maladjusted behavior when faced with adversity. However, a low quality of attachment produces cognitions associated with perceived burdensomeness and failed belongingness, which increase a youth's vulnerability to suicidal ideation.The parental attachment pattern showed a significant moderating effect on the association between parental attachment and youth suicidal ideation.Regarding the association between parental attachment and youth suicidal ideation, we observed that the manner in which parental attachment is measured is another moderating effect.
Topics: Humans; Adolescent; Suicidal Ideation; Mental Disorders; Peer Group; Emotions; Cognition; Risk Factors
PubMed: 34964432
DOI: 10.1080/13811118.2021.2020192 -
Journal of Clinical Psychology Sep 2022Suicidal ideation (SI) nearly always precedes lethal suicide attempts. Anger may play a role in SI, but this appears to vary by gender and nuances in this relationship...
OBJECTIVES
Suicidal ideation (SI) nearly always precedes lethal suicide attempts. Anger may play a role in SI, but this appears to vary by gender and nuances in this relationship are unclear.
METHOD
We investigated whether levels of (a) anger and (b) SI vary by gender, (c) the cross-sectional relationship between anger and SI, and (d) if gender moderates that relationship in two samples: adults seeking care for excessive anger (Study 1) and undergraduates endorsing previous suicide attempt (Study 2).
RESULTS
In Study 1, anger was more commonly endorsed in women; however, in Study 2, anger did not vary by gender. In both studies, SI did not vary by gender. Further, in both studies, anger and SI were positively related. The relationship between anger and SI did not vary by gender in either study.
CONCLUSIONS
The strength of the relationship between anger and SI did not vary by gender.
Topics: Adult; Anger; Female; Humans; Risk Factors; Students; Suicidal Ideation; Suicide, Attempted
PubMed: 35195280
DOI: 10.1002/jclp.23331 -
International Journal of Environmental... May 2022The present study aimed to examine the link between attachment, personality traits, and suicidal ideation with consideration of the potential moderating role of age and...
The present study aimed to examine the link between attachment, personality traits, and suicidal ideation with consideration of the potential moderating role of age and sex. The Suicidal History Self-Rating Screening Scale, the Personality Inventory for DSM-5-Brief Form, and the Attachment Style Questionnaire were administered to 183 students. There was a significant indirect effect of need for approval on suicidal ideation via detachment. Moreover, the moderated mediation models of need for approval and preoccupation with relationships on suicidality via negative affectivity were significant in men, but not women, whereas the moderated mediation model of need for approval on suicidality via detachment was significant in women, but not men. Young men and women seem at risk for increased suicidal ideation based on specific attachment and personality characteristics, which should be considered for the development of prevention and therapeutic interventions.
Topics: Female; Humans; Male; Personality; Personality Disorders; Students; Suicidal Ideation; Universities
PubMed: 35627705
DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19106167 -
Research on Child and Adolescent... Mar 2022Recent decades have seen an alarming increase in rates of suicide among young people, including children and adolescents ("youth"). Although child maltreatment...
Recent decades have seen an alarming increase in rates of suicide among young people, including children and adolescents ("youth"). Although child maltreatment constitutes a well-established risk factor for suicidal ideation in youth, few efforts have focused on identifying factors associated with maltreated youths' increased risk for suicidal ideation, especially across development. The present study examined the relations between maltreated youths' (N = 279, M = 12.06 years, 52% female, 53% Latinx) perceptions of their social status and suicidal ideation and compared those relations between pre-adolescents and adolescents. Findings revealed unique developmental patterns: Perceived social status was associated with suicidal ideation, but only in adolescents, who showed greater risk for suicidal ideation if they viewed themselves as lower ranked in society and lower risk for suicidal ideation if they viewed themselves as higher ranked in society. Findings have implications for scientific and practical efforts aimed at better understanding and preventing suicide in a high-risk developmental population.
Topics: Adolescent; Child; Child Abuse; Female; Humans; Male; Risk Factors; Social Status; Suicidal Ideation; Suicide
PubMed: 34379260
DOI: 10.1007/s10802-021-00852-7 -
The American Journal of Psychiatry Sep 2023
Topics: Female; Humans; Male; Suicidal Ideation; Sexual Behavior
PubMed: 37654116
DOI: 10.1176/appi.ajp.20230536 -
Future Oncology (London, England) Apr 2023To develop a Cancer Patient Suicidal Ideation Scale (CAPASIS) and test its reliability and validity. An initial CAPASIS was developed. Clinical assessment was...
To develop a Cancer Patient Suicidal Ideation Scale (CAPASIS) and test its reliability and validity. An initial CAPASIS was developed. Clinical assessment was conducted using an adjusted initial scale with 239 cancer patients for item reduction and 253 for scale validation. Item selection analyses resulted in 22 items. The revised model fits were acceptable (normal chi-square [/] = 1.919; standardized root mean residual = 0.057; root mean square error of approximation = 0.060; goodness fit index = 0.882; adjusted goodness fit index [AGFI] = 0.844; Tucker-Lewis index = 0.898; comparative fit index = 0.915; incremental fit index = 0.917). The Cronbach's alpha coefficient was 0.911. The CAPASIS has good validity and reliability, with a six-factor structure of 'entrapment', 'defeat', 'isolation', 'hopelessness', 'burdensomeness' and 'humiliation', which can help identify patients with suicidal ideation.
Topics: Humans; Reproducibility of Results; Suicidal Ideation; Surveys and Questionnaires; Psychometrics; Factor Analysis, Statistical; Neoplasms
PubMed: 37199304
DOI: 10.2217/fon-2022-1077