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The Science of the Total Environment May 2022Rapid population growth and increasing demand for animal protein food have led to a continuous increase in global utilization of antibiotic. Sulfonamides (SAs) are... (Review)
Review
Rapid population growth and increasing demand for animal protein food have led to a continuous increase in global utilization of antibiotic. Sulfonamides (SAs) are ubiquitous in aquatic environments and pose an ecological risk owing to their large consumption and strong environmental persistence. Hence, this review focuses on the recent publications on 12 different SAs and provides a detailed summary of selected antibiotic concentrations in various water systems. We evaluated the ecotoxicity of SAs on organisms at different trophic level organisms and the environmental risks regarding aquatic systems. The results indicated that SA antibiotics were ubiquitous in aquatic environments at concentrations ranging from ng/L to μg/L. According to the data using standard ecotoxicity bioassays, algae were the most susceptible aquatic organisms for selected antibiotics, followed by crustaceans and fish. The risk data suggested that some antibiotics, such as sulfadiazine (SDZ), sulfamethoxazole (SMX), and sulfamethazine (SMZ) pose a great risk to the aquatic system. Based on the present review, it is necessary to strengthen the research into their ecotoxicity to marine systems and the chronic toxicity of antibiotic mixtures.
Topics: Animals; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Aquatic Organisms; Environmental Monitoring; Sulfadiazine; Sulfamethoxazole; Sulfonamides; Water Pollutants, Chemical
PubMed: 35051455
DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.153178 -
Journal of Veterinary Pharmacology and... Dec 2020There is limited investigation of neonatal foal pharmacokinetic parameters for the antimicrobial combination of sulfadiazine (SDZ) and trimethoprim (TMP). Neonatal...
There is limited investigation of neonatal foal pharmacokinetic parameters for the antimicrobial combination of sulfadiazine (SDZ) and trimethoprim (TMP). Neonatal pharmacokinetic investigation of the sulfadiazine-trimethoprim combination is required to ensure safe and effective utilization in this population. The purpose of this study was to determine the pharmacokinetics of sulfadiazine-trimethoprim in five healthy neonatal foals with oral administration at 24 mg/kg every 12 hr (hrs) for 10 days. Blood samples were collected at serial time points at approximately 72 hr of age (steady-state) and at days 5 and 10 to monitor the influence of age within the neonatal period. Pharmacokinetic parameters were determined using a one-compartment model analysis, and mean ± SD was calculated. C was 37.8 ± 13.4 μg/ml (SDZ) and 1.92 ± 0.25 μg/ml (TMP). T was 1.4 ± 0.6 hr (SDZ) and 1.4 ± 0.4 hr (TMP). C for SDZ and TMP was 16.84 ± 8.46 μg/ml and 0.46 ± 0.24 μg/ml, respectively. Elimination half-life was 10.8 ± 6.1 hr (SDZ) and 6.5 ± 2 hr (TMP). AUC was 667 ± 424 μg × hr/ml (SDZ) and 21.1 ± 5.3 μg × hr/ml (TMP). Foals remained healthy, and the plasma concentration of sulfadiazine-trimethoprim reached levels above MIC for Streptococcus equi ssp. (SDZ/TMP): 9.5/0.5 μg/ml).
PubMed: 33289123
DOI: 10.1111/jvp.12930 -
BMC Veterinary Research Oct 2020Wounds cause structural and functional discontinuity of an organ. Wound healing, therefore, seeks to re-establish the normal morphology and functionality through...
BACKGROUND
Wounds cause structural and functional discontinuity of an organ. Wound healing, therefore, seeks to re-establish the normal morphology and functionality through intertwined stages of hemostasis, inflammation, proliferation, and tissue remodelling. Ivermectin, a macrolide, has been used as an endectoparasiticide in human and veterinary medicine practice for decades. Here, we show that ivermectin exhibits wounding healing activity by mechanisms independent of its well-known antiparasitic activity. This study aimed to evaluate the wound healing property of ivermectin cream using histochemistry and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay techniques.
RESULTS
Non-irritant dose of ivermectin cream (0.03-1%) decreased wound macroscopic indices such as exudation, edge edema, hyperemia, and granulation tissue deposition by day 9 compared to day 13 for the vehicle-treated group. This corresponded with a statistically significant wound contraction rate, hydroxyproline deposition, and a decreased time to heal rate. The levels of growth factors TGF-β1 and VEGF were significantly elevated on day 7 but decreased on day 21. This corresponded with changes in cytokines (IL-1α, IL-4, IL-10, and TNF-α) and eicosanoids (LTB4, PGE, and PGD) levels on days 7 and 21. Interestingly, low doses of ivermectin cream (0.03-0.1%) induced wound healing with minimal scarring compared to higher doses of the cream and the positive control, Silver Sulfadiazine.
CONCLUSION
Ivermectin promotes wound healing partly through modulation of the inflammatory process and the levels of Transforming Growth Factor-Beta 1 and Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor. Low doses of ivermectin cream have the potential to be used in treating wounds with minimal scar tissue formation.
Topics: Animals; Ivermectin; Male; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Silver Sulfadiazine; Skin; Transforming Growth Factor beta1; Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; Wound Healing
PubMed: 33081763
DOI: 10.1186/s12917-020-02612-z -
Investigative Ophthalmology & Visual... Aug 2023To measure visual crowding, an essential bottleneck on object recognition and reliable psychophysical index of cortex organization, in older children and adults with...
PURPOSE
To measure visual crowding, an essential bottleneck on object recognition and reliable psychophysical index of cortex organization, in older children and adults with horizontal concomitant strabismus before and after strabismus surgery.
METHODS
Using real-time eye tracking to ensure gaze-contingent display, we examined the peripheral visual crowding effects in older children and adults with horizontal concomitant strabismus but without amblyopia before and after strabismus surgery. Patients were asked to discriminate the orientation of the central tumbling E target letter with flankers arranged along the radial or tangential axis in the nasal or temporal hemifield at different eccentricities (5° or 10°). The critical spacing value, which is the minimum space between the target and the flankers required for correct discrimination, was obtained for comparisons before and after strabismus surgery.
RESULTS
Twelve individuals with exotropia (6 males, 21.75 ± 7.29 years, mean ± SD) and 15 individuals with esotropia (6 males, 24.13 ± 5.96 years) participated in this study. We found that strabismic individuals showed significantly larger critical spacing with nasotemporal asymmetry along the radial axis that related to the strabismus pattern, with exotropes exhibiting stronger temporal field crowding and esotropes exhibiting stronger nasal field crowding before surgical alignment. After surgery, the critical spacing was reduced and rebalanced between the nasal and temporal hemifields. Furthermore, the postoperative recovery of stereopsis was associated with the extent of nasotemporal balance of critical spacing.
CONCLUSIONS
We find that optical realignment (i.e., strabismus surgery) can normalize the enlarged visual crowding effects, a reliable psychophysical index of cortical organization, in the peripheral visual field of older children and adults with strabismus and rebalance the nasotemporal asymmetry of crowding, promoting the recovery of postoperative stereopsis. Our results indicated a potential of experience-dependent cortical organization after axial alignment even for individuals who are out of the critical period of visual development, illuminating the capacity and limitations of optics on sensory plasticity and emphasizing the importance of ocular correction for clinical practice.
Topics: Adult; Male; Child; Humans; Adolescent; Visual Acuity; Strabismus; Amblyopia; Esotropia; Visual Perception; Sulfadiazine
PubMed: 37535007
DOI: 10.1167/iovs.64.11.5 -
Pharmaceutics Mar 2022In this study, the plasma pharmacokinetics and tissue disposition of sulfadiazine (SDZ) and its main metabolite, N-acetyl sulfadiazine (ACT-SDZ), were compared between...
In this study, the plasma pharmacokinetics and tissue disposition of sulfadiazine (SDZ) and its main metabolite, N-acetyl sulfadiazine (ACT-SDZ), were compared between 18 and 24 °C following a single oral administration of SDZ at 50 mg/kg in grass carp (). The plasma and tissues were sampled from 0.167 h up to 96 h and analyzed by ultra-performance liquid chromatography with an ultraviolet detector. The pharmacokinetic parameters were estimated using a one-compartmental approach. Results showed that pharmacokinetics of SDZ and ACT-SDZ in plasma and tissues were notably influenced by the increase of temperature. The increased temperature shortened the absorption half-life (K01_HL) of SDZ and ACT-SDZ in gill, kidney, and plasma, but increased in liver and muscle + skin. The elimination half-life (K10_HF) and the area under concentration-time curve (AUC) of SDZ and ACT-SDZ all presented a declined trend. The apparent volume of distribution (V_F) of SDZ in plasma was increased from 0.93 to 1.64 L/kg, and the apparent systemic total body clearance (Cl_F) was also increased from 0.01 to 0.05 L/h/kg. Overall, the rise of temperature decreased K10_HF, AUC of SDZ, and ACT-SDZ in plasma and tissues, but increased V_F and Cl_F in the plasma for SDZ.
PubMed: 35456543
DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics14040712 -
Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology May 2022Antibiotics usage is a double-edged sword among the production promotion and environmental aggravation of aquaculture system. In this study, the effects of sulfadiazine...
Antibiotics usage is a double-edged sword among the production promotion and environmental aggravation of aquaculture system. In this study, the effects of sulfadiazine addition on algal-bacterial-based aquaponic (AA) system were thoroughly investigated. Results showed that sulfadiazine addition increased the nitrogen (N) and carbon (C) recovery of AA system by 1.3 times and 2.9 times, respectively. Meanwhile, the global warming potential was increased by 63% due to aggravated nitrous oxide (NO) emission. This was mainly because sulfadiazine increased the abundance of nirS genes and decreased the abundance of nosZ genes, which subsequently led to higher NO accumulation. Furthermore, resistance gene (sul-1, sul-2, and intI-1) abundance in the treatment group was an order higher than that of the control group, which would give rise to the environmental risk for agroecological system. KEY POINTS: • Sulfadiazine addition increased NUE at expense of aggravated GHG emissions. • Sulfadiazine disrupted the balance between the abundance of nirS and nosZ genes. • Sulfadiazine addition increased the resistance gene abundance of AA system.
Topics: Anti-Bacterial Agents; Bacteria; Nitrous Oxide; Soil; Sulfadiazine
PubMed: 35513518
DOI: 10.1007/s00253-022-11944-9 -
Standard Selection Treatments with Sulfadiazine Limit Plasmodium yoelii Host-to-Vector Transmission.MSphere Jun 2022Some antimalarial drugs that have lost clinical usefulness have been repurposed for experimental applications. One example is sulfadiazine, an analog of -aminobenzoic...
Some antimalarial drugs that have lost clinical usefulness have been repurposed for experimental applications. One example is sulfadiazine, an analog of -aminobenzoic acid (pABA), which inhibits the parasite's folate synthesis pathway to block DNA synthesis. Sulfadiazine treatment of mice infected with Plasmodium yoelii and P. berghei is routinely used to enrich for gametocytes by killing asexual blood-stage parasites, but it is not well known if there are downstream effects on transmission. To determine if there was a significant effect of sulfadiazine exposure upon transmission, we transmitted Plasmodium yoelii (17XNL strain) parasites to Anopheles stephensi mosquitoes and evaluated the prevalence and intensity of infection under different sulfadiazine treatment conditions. We observed that there was a reduction in both the number of mosquitoes that became infected and in the intensity of infection if parasites were exposed to sulfadiazine in the mouse host or mosquito vector. Sulfadiazine treatment could be marginally overcome if mosquitoes were provided fresh pABA. In contrast, we determined that gametocytes exposed to sulfadiazine could develop into morphologically mature ookinetes , thus sulfadiazine exposure in the host may be reversible if the drug is washed out and the parasites are supplemented with pABA in the culture media. Overall, this indicates that sulfadiazine dampens host-to-vector transmission and that this inhibition can only be partially overcome by exposure to fresh pABA and . Because gametocytes are of great interest for developing transmission-blocking interventions, we recommend the use of less disruptive approaches for gametocyte enrichment. In this work, we have uncovered a substantial problem with how many studies of the sexual stages of rodent malaria parasites are conducted. Briefly, the isolation of sexual blood-stage parasites, or gametocytes, is essential to study pretransmission and transmission-stage biology of malaria. A routine method for the isolation of this specific stage in rodent-infectious malaria models is drug treatment with sulfadiazine, an antifolate that selectively kills actively replicating asexual blood-stage parasites but not gametocytes. Thus, researchers use this as a convenient way to produce highly enriched gametocyte samples. However, in this work, we describe how this standard drug selection with sulfadiazine not only kills asexual blood-stage parasites but also substantially impacts host-to-vector transmission.
Topics: 4-Aminobenzoic Acid; Animals; Anopheles; Malaria; Mice; Plasmodium yoelii; Sulfadiazine
PubMed: 35586987
DOI: 10.1128/msphere.00106-22 -
International Journal of Molecular... Apr 2024The mission of this review is to identify immune-damaging participants involved in antiviral immunoinflammatory lesions. We argue these could be targeted and their... (Review)
Review
The mission of this review is to identify immune-damaging participants involved in antiviral immunoinflammatory lesions. We argue these could be targeted and their activity changed selectively by maneuvers that, at the same time, may not diminish the impact of components that help resolve lesions. Ideally, we need to identify therapeutic approaches that can reverse ongoing lesions that lack unwanted side effects and are affordable to use. By understanding the delicate balance between immune responses that cause tissue damage and those that aid in resolution, novel strategies can be developed to target detrimental immune components while preserving the beneficial ones. Some strategies involve rebalancing the participation of immune components using various approaches, such as removing or blocking proinflammatory T cell products, expanding regulatory cells, restoring lost protective cell function, using monoclonal antibodies (moAb) to counteract inhibitory molecules, and exploiting metabolic differences between inflammatory and immuno-protective responses. These strategies can help reverse ongoing viral infections. We explain various approaches, from model studies and some clinical evidence, that achieve innate and adaptive immune rebalancing, offering insights into potential applications for controlling chronic viral-induced lesions.
Topics: Humans; Antibodies, Monoclonal; Pyrimethamine; Sulfadiazine
PubMed: 38612744
DOI: 10.3390/ijms25073935 -
Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) Oct 2022Fluorescent imaging has been expanded, as a non-invasive diagnostic modality for cancers, in recent years. Fluorescent probes in the near-infrared window can provide...
Fluorescent imaging has been expanded, as a non-invasive diagnostic modality for cancers, in recent years. Fluorescent probes in the near-infrared window can provide high sensitivity, resolution, and signal-to-noise ratio, without the use of ionizing radiation. Some fluorescent compounds with low molecular weight, such as rhodamine B (RhB) and indocyanine green (ICG), have been used in fluorescent imaging to improve imaging contrast and sensitivity; however, since these probes are excreted from the body quickly, they possess significant restrictions for imaging. To find a potential solution to this, this work investigated the synthesis and properties of novel macromolecular fluorescent compounds. Herein, water-soluble dextran fluorescent compounds (SD-Dextran-RhB) were prepared by the attachment of RhB and sulfadiazine (SD) derivatives to dextran carrier. These fluorescent compounds were then characterized through IR, H NMR, C NMR, UV, GPC, and other methods. Assays of their cellular uptake and cell cytotoxicity and fluorescent imaging were also performed. Through this study, it was found that SD-Dextran-RhB is sensitive to acidic conditions and possesses low cell cytotoxicities compared to normal 293 cells and HepG2 and HeLa tumor cells. Moreover, SD-Dextran-RhB demonstrated good fluorescent imaging in HepG2 and HeLa cells. Therefore, SD-Dextran-RhB is suitable to be potentially applied as a probe in the fluorescent imaging of tumors.
Topics: Dextrans; Fluorescent Dyes; HeLa Cells; Humans; Indocyanine Green; Rhodamines; Sulfadiazine; Water
PubMed: 36235281
DOI: 10.3390/molecules27196747 -
Journal of Hazardous Materials Feb 2024Cadmium (Cd) and antibiotic's tendency to accumulate in edible plant parts and fertile land is a worldwide issue. The combined effect of antibiotics and heavy metals on...
Cadmium (Cd) and antibiotic's tendency to accumulate in edible plant parts and fertile land is a worldwide issue. The combined effect of antibiotics and heavy metals on crops was analyzed, but not mitigation of their toxicity. This study investigated the potential of zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO NPs) to alleviate the SDZ and Cd toxicity (alone/combined) to promote spinach growth. Results revealed that the ZnO 200 mg L spray decreased the malondialdehyde (MDA) 14%, hydrogen peroxide (HO) 13%, and electrolyte leakage (EL) 7%, and increased the superoxide dismutase (SOD) 8%, peroxidase (POD) 25%, catalase (CAT) 39% and ascorbate peroxidase (APX) 12% in spinach leaves under combined SDZ+Cd (25 mg Kg +50 mg Kg) stress compared to ZnO 100 mg L spray. Likewise, ZnO NPs 200 mg L spray enhanced the zinc (Zn) 97%, iron (Fe) 86%, magnesium (Mg) 35%, manganese (Mn) 8%, and potassium (K) 23% in shoots under combined SDZ+Cd (25 mg Kg +50 mg Kg) stress compared to ZnO 100 mg L spray. Further, ZnO 200 mg L spray reduced Cd uptake in roots by 9% and shoots 15% under combined SDZ+Cd (25 mg Kg +50 mg Kg) stress compared to ZnO 100 mg L. Overall, ZnO NPs alleviated the SDZ and Cd toxicity and enhanced spinach growth in all treatments.
Topics: Zinc; Cadmium; Zinc Oxide; Spinacia oleracea; Sulfadiazine; Hydrogen Peroxide; Superoxide Dismutase; Antioxidants; Plant Roots; Soil Pollutants
PubMed: 37979422
DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2023.132903