-
Acta Parasitologica Sep 2019Toxoplasma gondii is a protozoan from phylum Apicomplexa, which causes the toxoplasmosis infection; this one exhibits an apicoplast organelle which assists in the...
Pravastatin and Simvastatin Pretreatment in Combination with Pyrimethamine and Sulfadiazine Reduces Infection Process of Toxoplasma gondii Tachyzoites (RH Strain) in HeLa Cells.
PURPOSE
Toxoplasma gondii is a protozoan from phylum Apicomplexa, which causes the toxoplasmosis infection; this one exhibits an apicoplast organelle which assists in the metabolism of isoprenoids and other pivotal mediators for the parasite survival. Statins are drugs that inhibit cholesterol synthesis, blocking the conversion of the substrate HMG-CoA to mevalonate, thus preventing the initial processes of the biosynthesis of these precursors, both in humans and parasite. Our goal was to verify whether the Toxoplasma gondii (RH strain) tachyzoites form pretreated with pravastatin and simvastatin in association with pyrimethamine and sulfadiazine at low concentrations could affect the infection processes, suggesting direct action on protozoa intracellular proliferation through the inhibition of isoprenoids in the parasite's apicoplast.
METHODS
To have the adhesion, infection, and parasite proliferation during experimental infection investigated, HeLa cells (10) were subjected to a 24-hour infection by T. gondii tachyzoites forms of RH strain (5 × 10) pretreated for 30 min with pravastatin and/or simvastatin combined or not with pyrimethamine and sulfadiazine.
RESULTS
Combined with conventional drugs at low concentrations pravastatin and simvastatin inhibit the adhesion, invasion, and intracellular proliferation of T. gondii in HeLa cells which are similar to the positive control.
CONCLUSION
Pravastatin and simvastatin in association with pyrimethamine and sulfadiazine at low concentrations can be regarded as a promising, effective alternative to toxoplasmosis treatment with reduced side effects.
Topics: Antiprotozoal Agents; Cell Survival; Drug Synergism; HeLa Cells; Humans; Life Cycle Stages; Pravastatin; Pyrimethamine; Simvastatin; Sulfadiazine; Toxoplasma; Toxoplasmosis
PubMed: 31286354
DOI: 10.2478/s11686-019-00076-2 -
Chemosphere Dec 2022Oxytetracycline and sulfadiazine were widely used and they entered the environment through various channels such as domestic sewage, medical wastewater and agricultural...
Oxytetracycline and sulfadiazine were widely used and they entered the environment through various channels such as domestic sewage, medical wastewater and agricultural wastewater, causing significant ecological risk. To determine the effects of different antibiotic concentrations on submerged macrophytes, Vallisneria natans was exposed to solutions containing different concentrations of oxytetracycline and sulfadiazine (0.1 mg/L、1 mg/L、10 mg/L、50 mg/L). After 20-days exposure, we found that 10 mg/L groups had a significant effect on Vallisneria natans. Under high antibiotic concentrations, the growth of Vallisneria natans was inhibited, chloroplasts were deformed, the chlorophyll content was reduced, and antioxidant enzyme activities, such as superoxide dismutase and glutathione, were increased. There was no significant difference between the control group and groups with low antibiotic concentrations (≤1 mg/L). The N-acyl-l-homoserine lactone concentration tended to increase with increasing antibiotic concentrations. The presence of antibiotics also affected the microbial community structure of biofilms on the submerged macrophytes. For example, the higher the concentration of antibiotics, the higher the proportion of Proteobacteria. These results suggest that high concentrations of oxytetracycline and sulfadiazine can disrupt homeostasis, induce effective Vallisneria natans defense mechanisms and alter biofilms in aquatic ecosystems.
Topics: Anti-Bacterial Agents; Antioxidants; Biofilms; Chlorophyll; Glutathione; Hydrocharitaceae; Microbiota; Oxytetracycline; Plant Leaves; Sewage; Sulfadiazine; Superoxide Dismutase; Wastewater
PubMed: 35995188
DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2022.136098 -
Chemosphere Jul 2020Sorption onto clays (montmorillonite and kaolinite), oxidation and sorption by manganese oxides (synthesized MnO and natural MnO), and coupled sorption-oxidation...
Sorption onto clays (montmorillonite and kaolinite), oxidation and sorption by manganese oxides (synthesized MnO and natural MnO), and coupled sorption-oxidation experiments were conducted for the removal of antibiotics sulfadiazine (SDZ) and ciprofloxacin (CIP) at pH 5 and 8. Individual sorption and oxidation modelling were carried out using the first-order kinetic model. A coupled sorption-oxidation kinetic model was developed to predict the simultaneous sorption and oxidation process. The coupled sorption-oxidation enhanced the antibiotic sorption, with the first-order sorption rate constants in the simultaneous presence of clays and manganese oxides (k) being higher than those with clays only (k). In contrast, a depression was observed; the first-order oxidation and sorption combination rate constants in the simultaneous presence of manganese oxides and clays (k) were lower than those with manganese oxides only (k). In the coupled sorption-oxidation reaction, 13.5-62.5% of SDZ and CIP removal was attributed to the sorption. The SDZ and CIP species distributions at pH 5 affected the coupled sorption and oxidation systems more than those at pH 8. The best removal efficiency was achieved by the montmorillonite-synthesized MnO combination, mainly due to the higher surface area (A) and pore size of montmorillonite and synthesized MnO combination compared to other clays and manganese oxides combinations.
Topics: Adsorption; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Bentonite; Ciprofloxacin; Clay; Environmental Restoration and Remediation; Kaolin; Kinetics; Manganese; Manganese Compounds; Models, Chemical; Oxidation-Reduction; Oxides; Sulfadiazine
PubMed: 32113100
DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2020.126251 -
Environmental Research May 2024In recent years, the increasing detection of emerging pollutants (particularly antibiotics, such as sulfonamides) in agricultural soils and water bodies has raised...
In recent years, the increasing detection of emerging pollutants (particularly antibiotics, such as sulfonamides) in agricultural soils and water bodies has raised growing concern about related environmental and health problems. In the current research, sulfadiazine (SDZ) adsorption was studied for three raw and chemically modified clays. The experiments were carried out for increasing doses of the antibiotic (0, 1, 5, 10, 20, and 40 μmol L) at ambient temperature and natural pH with a contact time of 24 h. The eventual fitting to Freundlich, Langmuir and Linear adsorption models, as well as residual concentrations of antibiotics after adsorption, was assessed. The results obtained showed that one of the clays (HJ1) adsorbed more SDZ (reaching 99.9 % when 40 μmol L of SDZ were added) than the other clay materials, followed by the acid-activated AM clay (which reached 99.4 % for the same SDZ concentration added). The adsorption of SDZ followed a linear adsorption isotherm, suggesting that hydrophobic interactions, rather than cation exchange, played a significant role in SDZ retention. Concerning the adsorption data, the best adjustment corresponded to the Freundlich model. The highest Freundlich KF scores were obtained for the AM acid-treated and raw HJ1 clays (606.051 and 312.969 L μmol kg, respectively). The Freundlich n parameter ranged between 0.047 and 1.506. Regarding desorption, the highest value corresponded to the AM clay, being generally <10 % for raw clays, <8 % for base-activated clays, and <6 % for acid-activated clays. Chemical modifications contributed to improve the adsorption capacity of the AM clay, especially when the highest concentrations of the antibiotic were added. The results of this research can be considered relevant as regard environmental and public health assessment since they estimate the feasibility of three Tunisian clays in SDZ removal from aqueous solutions.
Topics: Clay; Sulfadiazine; Adsorption; Tunisia; Anti-Bacterial Agents
PubMed: 38301763
DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2024.118309 -
International Journal of Nanomedicine 2023Silver sulfadiazine (AgSD) is widely used in burn wound treatment due to its broad-spectrum antibacterial activity. However, its application in wound healing is greatly...
INTRODUCTION
Silver sulfadiazine (AgSD) is widely used in burn wound treatment due to its broad-spectrum antibacterial activity. However, its application in wound healing is greatly hindered by the low solubility of AgSD particles and their cellular cytotoxicity. Herein, we studied the safety and in vivo efficacy of nano-sized silver sulfadiazine loaded in poloxamer thermosensitive hydrogel (NS/Gel).
METHODS
In NS/Gel, silver sulfadiazine was prepared into silver sulfadiazine nanosuspension (NS) to improve the solubility and enhance its antibacterial activity, whereas the poloxamer thermosensitive hydrogel was selected as a drug carrier of NS to achieve slow drug release and reduced cytotoxicity. The acute toxicity of silver sulfadiazine nanosuspension was first evaluated in healthy mice, and its median lethal dose (LD) was calculated by the modified Karber method. Furthermore, in vivo antibacterial effect and wound healing property of NS/Gel were evaluated on the infected deep second-degree burn wound mice model.
RESULTS
The mortality ratio of mice was concentration-dependent, and the LD for silver sulfadiazine nanosuspension was estimated to be 252.1 mg/kg (230.8 to 275.4 mg/kg, 95% confidence limit). The in vivo dosages used for burn wound treatment (40-50 mg/kg) were far below LD (252.1 mg/kg). NS/Gel significantly accelerated wound healing in the deep second wound infection mice model, achieving > 85% wound contraction on day 14. in the wound region was eradicated after 7 days in NS/Gel group, while the bacterial colony count was still measurable in the control group. Histological analysis and cytokines measurement confirmed that the mice treated with NS/Gel exhibited well-organized epithelium and multiple keratinized cell layers compared to control groups with the modulated expression of IL-6, VEGF, and TGF-β.
CONCLUSION
The combination of silver sulfadiazine nanosuspension and thermo-responsive hydrogel has great potential in clinical burn wound treatment.
Topics: Mice; Animals; Silver Sulfadiazine; Hydrogels; Poloxamer; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Wound Healing; Wound Infection; Disease Models, Animal; Burns
PubMed: 36816331
DOI: 10.2147/IJN.S395004 -
Environmental Research May 2023Tetracycline (TCC) and sulfadiazine (SDZ) are two of the most consumed antibiotics for human therapies and bacterial infection treatments in aquafarming fields, but...
Tetracycline (TCC) and sulfadiazine (SDZ) are two of the most consumed antibiotics for human therapies and bacterial infection treatments in aquafarming fields, but their accumulative residues can result in negative effects on water and aquatic microorganisms. Removal techniques are therefore required to purify water before use. Herein, we concentrate on adsorptive removal of TCC and SDZ using cobalt@carbon nanotubes (Co@CNTs) derived from Co-ZIF-67. The presence of CNTs on the edge of nanocomposites was observed. Taguchi orthogonal array was designed with four variables including initial concentration (5-20 mg L), dosage (0.05-0.2 g L), time (60-240 min), and pH (2-10). Concentration and pH were found to be main contributors to adsorption of tetracycline and sulfadiazine, respectively. The optimum condition was found at concentration 5 mg L, dosage 0.2 g L, contact time 240 min, and pH 7 for both TCC and SDZ removals. Confirmation tests showed that Co@CNTs-700 removed 99.6% of TCC and 97.3% of SDZ with small errors (3-5.5%). Moreover, the kinetic and isotherm were studied, which kinetic and isotherm data were best fitted with pseudo second-order model and Langmuir. Maximum adsorption capacity values for TCC and SDZ were determined at 118.4-174.1 mg g for 180 min. We also proposed the main role of interactions such as hydrogen bonding, π-π stacking, and electrostatic attraction in the adsorption of antibiotics. With high adsorption performance, Co@CNTs-700 is expected to remove antibiotics efficiently from wastewater.
Topics: Humans; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Sulfadiazine; Nanotubes, Carbon; Tetracycline; Water; Nanocomposites; Adsorption; Water Pollutants, Chemical; Kinetics; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration
PubMed: 36805897
DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2023.115516 -
International Journal of Radiation... Nov 2019This study evaluated if infection and the drug-associated infection modifies the brain radiopharmaceutical Ethylene Cystine Diethylester Dihydrochloride (Tc-ECD)...
This study evaluated if infection and the drug-associated infection modifies the brain radiopharmaceutical Ethylene Cystine Diethylester Dihydrochloride (Tc-ECD) biodistribution in mice. A total of 18 mice were divided into 3 groups. Control group (C) received distilled water and Tc-ECD; Infected group (I) received strain and Tc-ECD; Infected and Treated group (IT), in addition to infection, received association of Pyrimethamine and Sulfadiazine and Tc-ECD. The strain used in this study was TgCkRrRN3. Forty minutes after administration of the Tc-ECD, all animals were euthanized, and blood and brain samples were isolated. The counting of the radioactivity percentage per gram of tissue (%ATI/g) was calculated, and statistical analysis was performed by -test, with a level of significance of < .05. There was a significant increase in %ATI/g between groups C and I on brain (0.35 ± 0.02 and 0.45 ± 0.04; = .041) and on blood (0.80 ± 0.09 and 1.14 ± 0.31; = .049). A significant decrease in %ATI/g occurred between groups C and IT on blood (0.80 ± 0.09 and 0.54 ± 0.08; = .001) and on brain (0.35 ± 0.02 and 0.22 ± 0.04; = .049). Combined therapy of anti- drugs in infected mice reduced the uptake of Tc-ECD, probably due to its binding to plasma proteins.
Topics: Animals; Antiprotozoal Agents; Brain; Cysteine; Male; Mice; Organotechnetium Compounds; Pyrimethamine; Radiopharmaceuticals; Sulfadiazine; Tissue Distribution; Toxoplasma; Toxoplasmosis
PubMed: 31290704
DOI: 10.1080/09553002.2019.1642533 -
Environmental Pollution (Barking, Essex... Nov 2023Sulfadiazine and its derivatives (sulfonamides, SAs) could induce distinct biotoxic, metabolic and physiological abnormalities, potentially due to their subtle...
Sulfadiazine and its derivatives (sulfonamides, SAs) could induce distinct biotoxic, metabolic and physiological abnormalities, potentially due to their subtle structural differences. This study conducted an in-depth investigation on the interactions between SA homologues, i.e. sulfadiazine (SD), sulfamerazine (SD1), and sulfamethazine (SD2), and the key metabolic enzyme (glycosyltransferase, GT) in rice (Oryza sativa L.). Untargeted screening of SA metabolites revealed that GT-catalyzed glycosylation was the primary transformation pathway of SAs in rice. Molecular docking identified that the binding sites of SAs on GT (D0TZD6) were responsible for transferring sugar moiety to synthesize polysaccharides and detoxify SAs. Specifically, amino acids in the GT-binding cavity (e.g., GLY487 and CYS486) formed stable hydrogen bonds with SAs (e.g., the sulfonamide group of SD). Molecular dynamics simulations revealed that SAs induced conformational changes in GT ligand binding domain, which was supported by the significantly decreased GT activity and gene expression level. As evidenced by proteomics and metabolomics, SAs inhibited the transfer and synthesis of sugar but stimulated sugar decomposition in rice leaves, leading to the accumulation of mono- and disaccharides in rice leaves. While the differences in the increased sugar content by SD (24.3%, compared with control), SD1 (11.1%), and SD2 (6.24%) can be attributed to their number of methyl groups (0, 1, 2, respectively), which determined the steric hindrance and hydrogen bonds formation with GT. This study suggested that the disturbances on crop sugar metabolism by homologues contaminants are determined by the interaction between the contaminants and the target enzyme, and are greatly dependent on the steric hindrance effects contributed by their side chains. The results are of importance to identify priority pollutants and ensure crop quality in contaminated fields.
Topics: Oryza; Glycosyltransferases; Molecular Docking Simulation; Sulfanilamide; Sulfadiazine; Sulfonamides; Metabolic Diseases; Sugars
PubMed: 37669699
DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2023.122486 -
Journal of Otolaryngology - Head & Neck... Nov 2023Biofilm formation on voice prostheses disrupts the function and limits the lifespan of voice prostheses. There is still no effective clinical strategy for inhibiting or...
BACKGROUND
Biofilm formation on voice prostheses disrupts the function and limits the lifespan of voice prostheses. There is still no effective clinical strategy for inhibiting or removing these biofilms. Silver sulfadiazine (SSD), as an exogenous antibacterial agent, has been widely used in the prevention and treatment of infection, however, its effect on voice prosthesis biofilms is unknown. The purpose of this study was to explore the effect of SSD on the mature mixed bacterial biofilms present on voice prostheses.
METHODS
Quantitative and qualitative methods, including the plate counting method, real-time fluorescence quantitative PCR, crystal violet staining, the 2,3-bis(2-methoxy-4-nitro-5-sulfophenyl)-2H-tetrazolium-5-carboxanilide) (XTT) reduction assay, scanning electron microscopy, and laser confocal microscopy, were used to determine the effect of SSD on the number of bacterial colonies, biofilm formation ability, metabolic activity, and ultrastructure of biofilms in a mature mixed bacterial (Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus faecalis and Candida albicans) voice prosthesis biofilm model. The results were verified in vitro on mature mixed bacterial voice prosthesis biofilms from patients, and the possible mechanism of action was explored.
RESULTS
Silver sulfadiazine decreased the number of bacterial colonies on mature mixed bacterial voice prosthesis biofilm, significantly inhibited the biofilm formation ability and metabolic activity of mature voice prosthesis biofilms, inhibited the formation of the complex spatial structure of voice prosthesis biofilms, and inhibited the synthesis of polysaccharides and proteins in the biofilm extracellular matrix. The degree of inhibition and removal effect increased with SSD concentration.
CONCLUSIONS
Silver sulfadiazine can effectively inhibit and remove mature mixed bacterial voice prosthesis biofilms and decrease biofilm formation ability and metabolic activity; SSD may exert these effects by inhibiting the synthesis of polysaccharides and proteins among the extracellular polymeric substances of voice prosthesis biofilms.
Topics: Humans; Silver Sulfadiazine; Larynx, Artificial; Biofilms; Bacteria; Polysaccharides
PubMed: 37990258
DOI: 10.1186/s40463-023-00672-3 -
Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety Jan 2023Norfloxacin (NFX) and sulfadiazine (SDZ) are two widely used antibiotics belonging to fluoroquinolone and sulfonamide groups, respectively, and have become the commonly...
Norfloxacin (NFX) and sulfadiazine (SDZ) are two widely used antibiotics belonging to fluoroquinolone and sulfonamide groups, respectively, and have become the commonly detected micropollutants in aquatic environments. However, only few works have been conducted to investigate the highly probable inhibition of these antibiotic pollutants to Arthrospira platensis, which is an important species of cyanobacteria that is one of primary producers in aquatic ecosystems and should be remarkably sensitive to environmental pollutants due to its prokaryotic characteristics. Hence, the toxicological effects and removal efficiencies of NFX and SDZ in culturing A. platensis were studied by analyzing the biomass growth, photosynthetic pigments, primary biocomponents, and antibiotics concentration. The corresponding variations of these characteristics showed the higher sensitivity of A. platensis to NFX than to SDZ, indicating the specifically targeted effect of NFX on A. platensis, which could be confirmed in silico by the higher binding affinity of NFX with the critical enzyme. The obtained results illustrated the roles of NFX and SDZ on the growth of A. platensis, thus providing the great support in employing A. platensis to reduce hazards from contaminated water and recover biomass resources.
Topics: Spirulina; Norfloxacin; Sulfadiazine; Ecosystem; Biomass; Anti-Bacterial Agents
PubMed: 36592587
DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2022.114468