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Cureus Dec 2022Background The cardinal area of managing fire wounds is guided by adequately evaluating the burn-induced lesion's profundity and size. Superficial second-degree burns...
Background The cardinal area of managing fire wounds is guided by adequately evaluating the burn-induced lesion's profundity and size. Superficial second-degree burns are often treated through daily reinstating with fresh sterile bandaging with appropriate topical antimicrobials to allow rapid spontaneous epithelialization. Around the world, a wide variety of substances are used to treat these wounds, from honey to synthetic biological dressings. Objective This study intended to determine honey's therapeutic potential compared with 1% silver sulfadiazine (Ag-SD) in arsenal-caused contusion medicament fulfillment. Methods A total of 70 cases were evaluated in this research work after fulfilling the required selection criteria during the study period of January 2014 to December 2014 and January 2017 to December 2017. Purposive selection criteria were adopted in the study to select research patients. The patients in Group-1 (n = 35) relied on honey as medication, while patients in Group-2 (n = 35) relied on 1% Ag-SD. Results In Group-1, exudation (68.4%) and sloughing (82.9%) were substantially reduced by Days 3 and 5 of therapeutic intervention, respectively. However, in Group-2, a reduction of exudation (17.1%) and sloughing (22.9%) occurred after Days 3 and 5 of treatment, respectively. Completion of the epithelialization process was observed among Group-1 and Group-2 cases. It was detected after Days 7 and 10 of treatment at 36.3% and 77% (Group-1) and 27% and 67% (Group-2), respectively. Around 3 ml of 1% honey was required per body surface area per dressing in Group-1. On the other hand, in Group-2, 2 gm Ag-SD was needed per body surface area per dressing. Conclusion Patients treated with honey found better clinical outcomes in managing superficial partial-thickness burns.
PubMed: 36570107
DOI: 10.7759/cureus.32842 -
Parasitology Research Oct 2023Toxoplasmosis is an infection that prevails all over the world and is caused by the obligate intracellular protozoan parasite Toxoplasma gondii (T. gondii). Promising...
Toxoplasmosis is an infection that prevails all over the world and is caused by the obligate intracellular protozoan parasite Toxoplasma gondii (T. gondii). Promising novel compounds for the treatment of T. gondii are introduced in the current investigation. In order to test their in vitro potency against T. gondii tachyzoites, six 1,2,3-triazoles-based sulfonamide scaffolds with terminal NH or OH group were prepared and investigated as sulfadiazine equivalents. When compared to sulfadiazine, which served as a positive control, hybrid molecules showed much more anti-Toxoplasma activity. The results showed that the IC of the examined compounds 3(a-f) were recoded as 0.07492 μM, 0.07455 μM, 0.0392 μM, 0.03124 μM, 0.0533 μM, and 0.01835 μM, respectively, while the sulfadiazine exhibited 0.1852 μM. The studied 1,2,3-triazole-sulfadrug molecular conjugates 3(a-f) revealed selectivity index of 10.4, 8.9, 25.4, 21, 8.3, and 29; respectively. The current study focused on the newly synthesized amino derivatives 3(d-f), as they contain the more potent amino groups which are recognized to be essential elements and promote better biological activity. Extracellular tachyzoites underwent striking morphological alterations after 2 h of treatment as seen by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Additionally, the intracellular tachyzoite exposed to the newly synthesized amino derivatives 3(d-f) for a 24-h period of treatment revealed damaged and altered morphology by transmission electron microscopic (TEM) indicating cytopathic effects. Moreover, compound 3f underwent the most pronounced changes, indicating that it had the strongest activity against T. gondii.
Topics: Sulfadiazine; Toxoplasma; Sulfanilamide; Sulfonamides; Triazoles
PubMed: 37610452
DOI: 10.1007/s00436-023-07936-x -
Journal of Family Medicine and Primary... Sep 2021Evaluation of pediatric hypereosinophilia (HE) is challenging, especially in the tropical developing countries, as appropriate diagnostic facilities may be lacking,...
Evaluation of pediatric hypereosinophilia (HE) is challenging, especially in the tropical developing countries, as appropriate diagnostic facilities may be lacking, parasitic/helminthic infections are common, and existing data on the etiology of severe eosinophilia are sparse. Second, data on long-term follow-up of these children including the temporal course of eosinophilia are also scarce. Besides, questions regarding the coexistence of multiple etiologies and their association with the severity of HE are largely unexplored. These challenges and questions often lead to diagnostic and therapeutic dilemmas. We highlight these difficulties utilizing a real-life clinical description. We emphasize the need for long-term follow-up of such children as HE may be the combinatorial effect of multiple etiologies, rather than a single cause. We also describe an unusual association of severe eosinophilia in a child with toxoplasmosis that was treated successfully with 8-week combination therapy with azithromycin and cotrimoxazole (sulfadiazine and pyrimethamine were not available).
PubMed: 34760783
DOI: 10.4103/jfmpc.jfmpc_257_21 -
Frontiers in Immunology 2022infects one-third of the world population. For decades, it has been considered a silent lifelong infection. However, chronically -infected persons may present...
Sulfadiazine Plus Pyrimethamine Therapy Reversed Multiple Behavioral and Neurocognitive Changes in Long-Term Chronic Toxoplasmosis by Reducing Brain Cyst Load and Inflammation-Related Alterations.
infects one-third of the world population. For decades, it has been considered a silent lifelong infection. However, chronically -infected persons may present psychiatric and neurocognitive changes as anxiety, depression, and memory loss. In a model of long-term chronic infection, behavioral alterations parallel neuroinflammation and systemic high cytokine levels, and may reflect brain cyst load. Recent findings support that in chronic infection an active parasite-host interplay involves an immune-mediated control of tissue cysts. Here, we tested the idea that etiological treatment in chronic phase may add advantage to intrinsic immune-mediated cyst control and impact behavioral changes. Thus, we combined sulfadiazine-plus-pyrimethamine (S+P), the first-choice therapy for toxoplasmosis, to study the association of brain cyst load and biological processes related to the immune response (neuroinflammation, blood-brain barrier -BBB- disruption and serum cytokine levels), with behavioral and neurocognitive changes of long-term chronic infection. Female C57BL/6 mice (H-2) were infected (5 cysts, ME-49 strain) and treated with S+P from 30 to 60 days postinfection (dpi), compared with vehicle (Veh)-treated and noninfected controls. At endpoints (pre-therapy, 30 dpi; S+P therapy, 60 dpi; after ceased therapy, 90 dpi), independent groups were subjected to behavioral tests, and brain tissues and sera were collected. Multiple behavioral and neurocognitive changes were detected in the early (30 dpi) and long-term (60 and 90 dpi) chronic infection. S+P therapy resolved locomotor alterations, anxiety, and depressive-like behavior, partially or transiently ameliorated hyperactivity and habituation memory loss. Analysis after therapy cessation showed that S+P therapy reduced the number of stimuli required for aversive memory consolidation. S+P therapy resulted in reduced brain cyst load, neuroinflammation and BBB disruption, and lowered systemic Th1-cytokine levels. Correlation analysis revealed association between IFNγ, TNF and MCP-1/CCL2 serum levels, brain cyst load and behavioral and neurocognitive alterations. Moreover, principal-component analysis (PCA-2D and 3D projections) highlighted distinction between clusters (noninfected; Veh-treated and S+P-treated infected). Thus, our data suggest that S+P therapy added gain to intrinsic brain cyst control and, direct or indirectly, ameliorated inflammation-related alterations, traits associated with behavioral and neurocognitive alterations.
Topics: Animals; Brain; Cytokines; Female; Inflammation; Memory Disorders; Mice; Mice, Inbred C57BL; Pyrimethamine; Sulfadiazine; Toxoplasmosis
PubMed: 35572567
DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.822567 -
g-CN/polyvinyl alcohol-sodium alginate aerogel for removal of typical heterocyclic drugs from water.Environmental Pollution (Barking, Essex... Feb 2023Heterocyclic drugs (HCDs) detected at high frequencies in wastewater have raised great concerns and their advanced removal has been the hotspot for safe water reuse in...
Heterocyclic drugs (HCDs) detected at high frequencies in wastewater have raised great concerns and their advanced removal has been the hotspot for safe water reuse in recent years. Two-dimensional graphitic carbon nitride (g-CN) and its photocatalytic systems are increasingly emerging, however, there are inevitable drawbacks of stacking and difficulty in recycling, resulting in decreased pollutant removal and limited application. Herein, for the first time, this paper reported a three-dimensional g-CN/polyvinyl alcohol-sodium alginate aerogel (g-CN/PVA-SA aerogel) photocatalyst synthesized by ultrasonic exfoliation and in-situ polymerization for typical HCDs (sulfadiazine (SDZ), sulfamethoxazole (SMX), and carbamazepine (CBZ)) removal in water. The reduced stacking of g-CN dispersed in PVA-SA aerogel was achieved as revealed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and X-ray diffractometer (XRD) analysis, and g-CN/PVA-SA aerogel was observed to possess encouraging degradation efficiencies and rates for SDZ (100%, 0.0249 min), SMX (100%, 0.1762 min) and CBZ (69.8%, 0.0056 min), which were improved by 50%-60% and 133%-216% compared to those of g-CN, respectively. Meanwhile, environmental impact factors such as pH and coexisting ions had less impact on the degradation of SDZ and SMX by g-CN/PVA-SA aerogel. The novel aerogel also had a good recyclability, with less than 5% reduction in degradation efficiency after five cycles observed. The photodegradation of SDZ, SMX and CBZ was confirmed to be driven by ⋅O and h through scavenger-quenching experiments. The new low carbon and recyclable g-CN/PVA-SA aerogel reported in this study indicated a good potential for efficient removal of HCDs from water, which provides an alternative strategy for advanced purification and safe reuse of wastewater.
Topics: Polyvinyl Alcohol; Alginates; Wastewater; Carbon; Sulfadiazine; Sulfamethoxazole; Carbamazepine; Catalysis
PubMed: 36634858
DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2023.121057 -
Annals of Medicine and Surgery (2012) Mar 2022Sepsis is one of the main causes in burn victim's mortality. The use of negative pressure wound therapy (NPWT) provides an ideal environment to accelerate wound healing....
BACKGROUND
Sepsis is one of the main causes in burn victim's mortality. The use of negative pressure wound therapy (NPWT) provides an ideal environment to accelerate wound healing. We compare the use of normal saline (NS), intermittent NPWT, continuous NPWT and silver sulfadiazine in wound healing process.
METHOD
This study involved 6 Yorkshire pigs; each pig was induced with 20 burns on the flank area. Burns were divided into 4 treatment groups: NS gauze, intermittent NPWT, continuous NPWT, and silver sulfadiazine dressing. Burns were evaluated on day 1,3,7,14, and 21 for its morphology and bacterial colonization and on day 14 and 21 for the remaining burn surface area.
RESULT
Wound that received NPWT therapy appeared better in both granulation and crust formation. Remaining burn surface area (mm) on day 14 in NS group, intermittent NPWT, continuous NPWT, and silver sulfadiazine were 107.43 ± 83.43, 178.07 ± 74.83, 146.10 ± 69.1, 126.03 ± 83.22, respectively( = 0.457); on day 21 in NS group, intermittent NPWT, continuous NPWT, and silver sulfadiazine were 13.16 ± 16.86, 59.49 ± 20.72, 54.79 ± 46.59, 48.95 ± 39.84, respectively(=0.169). There were no significant differences in each treatment group bacterial colonization(>0.05). There were no significant correlation between bacterial colonization and remaining burn surface area (>0.05).
CONCLUSION
While morphologically, the wound in NPWT treatment groups appeared better in granulation and crust formation, the remaining wound surface area and the number of bacterial colonization were not significantly difference compared to standard therapy (silver sulfadiazine and NS gauze). There were no significant correlation between the amount of bacterial colonization and remaining wound surface area on every treatment group.
PubMed: 35386807
DOI: 10.1016/j.amsu.2022.103367 -
Journal of Environmental Sciences... Aug 2023Sulfadiazine (SD) is a common antibiotic administered to treat bacterial infections in livestock, and its fate and migration are greatly affected by dissolved organic...
Sulfadiazine (SD) is a common antibiotic administered to treat bacterial infections in livestock, and its fate and migration are greatly affected by dissolved organic matter (DOM). The soil infiltration system [a typical low-impact development (LID) facility] can significantly alter DOM properties during runoff pollution, thus affecting the complexation of SD with DOM. Here, the binding characteristics of different DOM components and SD in the soil infiltration system were explored using spectroscopic techniques (excitation-emission matrices, parallel factor analysis, and synchronous fluorescence spectroscopy). Combined with the weakening of DOM fluorescence intensity and 78.63% reduction in mean SD concentration following treatment, synchronous degradation may have occurred. The binding sequence of SD and DOM fluorophores was further explored using two-dimensional correlation spectroscopy. Effluent DOM showed greater sensitivity to SD and more binding sites than influent DOM. Moreover, hydrophobic protein-like substances exhibited higher log K values than other fluorescent components, indicating that protein-like components play significant roles in SD complexation. The soil percolation system improved the complexation stability and binding sequence of fulvic-like substances. Thus, SD-DOM can be intercepted and degraded using LID facilities to reduce the risk of SD in aquatic environments.
Topics: Humic Substances; Dissolved Organic Matter; Sulfadiazine; Soil; Spectrometry, Fluorescence; Factor Analysis, Statistical
PubMed: 37032038
DOI: 10.1016/j.jes.2022.10.010 -
Environmental Technology Sep 2023In order to overcome the shortcomings in the traditional Fenton process, Fe(III)-EDDS-activated persulfate advanced oxidation process under irradiation is carried out as...
In order to overcome the shortcomings in the traditional Fenton process, Fe(III)-EDDS-activated persulfate advanced oxidation process under irradiation is carried out as a promising technology. The photodegradation of sulfadiazine (SD) in Fe(III)-EDDS-activated persulfate system was investigated in this paper. The results showed that SD could be effectively degraded in Fe(III)-EDDS//hv system. The effects of Fe(III):EDDS molar ratio, the concentration of Fe(III)-EDDS, and the concentration of on SD degradation were explored. At neutral pH, when Fe(III):EDDS = 1:1, Fe(III)-EDDS = 0.1 mM, = 1.5 mM, the best SD degradation was achieved. The experiment of external influence factors showed that the degradation of SD could be obviously inhibited by the presence of , , whereas the degradation of SD was almost unaffected by the addition ofCl. The degradation of SD could be slightly inhibited by the presence of humic acid and NO. The effect of pH on SD degradation was investigated, and SD could be degraded effectively in the pH range of 3-9. ESR proved that O, ·OH, , and O were produced in the process. and ·OH were identified as the main radicals while O also played non-ignorable role. Eleven intermediate products of SD were analysed. The C = N, S-N, and S-C bonds of SD were attacked by radicals firstly, leading to a series of reactions that eventually resulted in the destruction of SD molecules and the formation of small organic molecules.
Topics: Ferric Compounds; Photolysis; Sulfadiazine; Humic Substances; Oxidation-Reduction
PubMed: 35389823
DOI: 10.1080/09593330.2022.2064238 -
Minerva Surgery Feb 2024Hyaluronic acid (HA) is a natural unbranched polymer that belongs to a group of heteropolysaccharide glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) that are major components of the...
BACKGROUND
Hyaluronic acid (HA) is a natural unbranched polymer that belongs to a group of heteropolysaccharide glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) that are major components of the extracellular matrix (ECM), while silver sulfadiazine exerts antibacterial activity. In this study, we evaluated the efficacy and safety of dressings with hyaluronic acid and silver sulfadiazine in acute and chronic lesions, according to the wound bed preparation and TIME principles.
METHODS
Thirty-two patients with acute and chronic injuries participated in the study. After collecting their personal histories and making a differential diagnosis by evaluating their ankle/arm index, patients with a Winsor Index below 0.8 underwent lower extremity color Doppler echocardiography. The dressing protocol followed the principles of wound bed preparation, identifying the prevailing clinical sign by evaluating the lesion background, margins, and perilesional skin. A product containing low molecular weight hyaluronic acid (200 kDa) and silver sulfadiazine 1% was used for the dressing.
RESULTS
In the acute lesion group, the protocol we applied resulted in all injuries being healed. Of the 20 treated wounds in the chronic lesion group, 10 healed at the end of 8 weeks of treatment and 8 saw an improvement with a reduction in the lesion area.
CONCLUSIONS
Consisting of a combination of hyaluronic acid and silver sulfadiazine, the dressing is widely used in the management of acute and chronic skin wounds. In the present study, the healing rate of acute wounds was 100%; in chronic wounds, healing was reported in 50% of cases while in 40% of the remainder, we found a 40% reduction in the lesion area.
Topics: Humans; Silver Sulfadiazine; Hyaluronic Acid; Bandages; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Wound Healing; Skin Diseases
PubMed: 38037671
DOI: 10.23736/S2724-5691.23.10189-4 -
Experimental Parasitology Mar 2023Chronic toxoplasmosis which is positively correlated with many neuropsychiatric problems has no curative treatment till now; due to the resistant tissue cysts especially...
Chronic toxoplasmosis which is positively correlated with many neuropsychiatric problems has no curative treatment till now; due to the resistant tissue cysts especially in the brain. In search of an effective treatment, guanabenz-loaded polyethylene glycol poly lactic-co-glycolic acid (PEG-PLGA) nanoparticles was evaluated against chronic experimental toxoplasmosis. For this purpose, each mouse was infected with 10 cysts of Toxoplasma gondii (ME 49 strain). Treated mice received either guanabenz alone (5 mg/kg/day) in subgroup IIa or guanabenz-loaded nanoparticles by full dose in subgroup IIb or guanabenz-loaded nanoparticles by the half dose (2.5 mg/kg/day) in subgroup IIc. Subgroup Ie was treated by pyrimethamine and sulfadiazine. The treatment started on day 25 post-infection for 19 successive days. Then Parasitological, histopathological, immunohistochemical, immunological and ultrastructural morphological studies were performed. The results showed that: subgroup IIb showed the highest statistically significant reduction in the neuroinflammation and brain tissue cysts (77%) with a significant higher efficacy in comparison with pyrimethamine and sulfadiazine and showed the highest level of IFN-γ, while the lowest level was in subgroup IIa. All group II mice showed similar changes of depression and compression of the wall of the cyst. This is marked in subgroup IIb with release of crescent shaped bradyzoite outside the cyst. PEG-PLGA nanoparticles had no toxic effect on the liver or the kidney of the mice. It could be concluded that guanabenz-loaded PEG-PLGA nanoparticles could be promising and safe for treatment of chronic toxoplasmosis.
Topics: Animals; Mice; Guanabenz; Nanoparticles; Pyrimethamine; Sulfadiazine; Toxoplasma; Toxoplasmosis
PubMed: 36642299
DOI: 10.1016/j.exppara.2023.108460