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Current Medical Imaging 2021The strategy used for the treatment of given brain cancer is critical in determining the post effects and survival. An oncological diagnosis of tumor evaluates a range... (Review)
Review
The strategy used for the treatment of given brain cancer is critical in determining the post effects and survival. An oncological diagnosis of tumor evaluates a range of parameters such as shape, size, volume, location and neurological complexity that define the symptomatic severity. The evaluation determines a suitable treatment approach chosen from a range of options such as surgery, chemotherapy, hormone therapy, radiation therapy and other targeted therapies. Often, a combination of such therapies is applied to achieve superior results. Radiotherapy serves as a better treatment strategy because of a higher survival rate. It offers the flexibility of synergy with other treatment strategies and fewer side effects on organs at risk. This review presents a radiobiological perspective in the treatment of brain tumor. The cause, symptoms, diagnosis, treatment, post-treatment effects and the framework involved in its elimination are summarized.
Topics: Brain Neoplasms; Humans; Radiobiology; Survival Rate
PubMed: 33573575
DOI: 10.2174/1573405617666210126160206 -
Journal of Biological Regulators and... 2021Radiotherapy to head and neck has always been considered as a risk factor for rehabilitation with dental implants. Nevertheless, recent data suggest that overall, 5-year... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis
Radiotherapy to head and neck has always been considered as a risk factor for rehabilitation with dental implants. Nevertheless, recent data suggest that overall, 5-year implant survival in irradiated patients can be greater than 90%. The purpose of this review was to compare the implant survival rates of irradiated and non-radiated head and neck cancer sites, and discuss the outcomes, through a systematic review approach of prospective and retrospective studies. Electronic searches were performed in the EMBASE, Cochrane, and PubMed/Medline databases up to 2019 Dec, to identify retrospective and prospective clinical studies addressing the subject. This systematic review was conducted according to Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines. The primary variables collected from the studies were the site of tumor, age and sex of the patient, site of implant placement, radiation dosage, frequency and duration of radiotherapy, follow-up duration, implant survival and stability, hard and soft tissue changes after implant placement, any type of biological and mechanical complication, and oral health quality of life (QOL). Fifteen studies including 1097 patients and a total of 4637 implants placed in irradiated and non-irradiated sites, with a follow up duration varying from 6 to 120 months, were selected for the systematic review. The results of the quantitative synthesis suggested statistically significantly better survival rate of implants placed in nonradiated sites, as compared to irradiated sites (p<0.00001). However, the cumulative survival rates over a period of 7-10 years were reported to be comparable. Quality of life (QOL) after implant rehabilitation was not found to be significantly different between the compared groups. Due to the limited number of information, insufficient data was available to draw conclusion on peri-implant complication rate. No relationship was found between age, gender, and implant survival rates. Implant placement in irradiated sites is challenging and often warrants protocol modifications. Although statistically the survival rates at irradiated sites were lower in comparison to non-radiated sites, a strict inclusion criterion in patient selection, timing of implant placement after radiotherapy, radiation dosage and regular oral hygiene maintenance could minimize the chances of implant failure in irradiated patients.
Topics: Dental Implants; Humans; Prospective Studies; Quality of Life; Retrospective Studies; Survival Rate
PubMed: 34281302
DOI: 10.23812/21-2supp1-5 -
Scientific Reports Apr 2021Patients with brain metastases (BM) can benefit from radiotherapy (RT), although the long-term benefits of RT remain unclear. We searched a Korean national health...
Patients with brain metastases (BM) can benefit from radiotherapy (RT), although the long-term benefits of RT remain unclear. We searched a Korean national health insurance claims database and identified 135,740 patients with newly diagnosed BM during 2002-2017. Propensity score matching (PSM) was used to evaluate survival according to RT modality, which included whole-brain radiotherapy (WBRT) and/or stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS). The 84,986 eligible patients were followed for a median interval of 6.6 months, and 37,046 patients underwent RT (43.6%). After the PSM, patients who underwent RT had significantly better overall survival after 1 year (42.4% vs. 35.3%, P < 0.001), although there was no significant difference at 2.6 years, and patients who did not undergo RT had better survival after 5 years. Among patients with BM from lung cancer, RT was also associated with a survival difference after 1 year (57.3% vs. 32.8%, P < 0.001) and a median survival increase of 3.7 months. The 1-year overall survival rate was significantly better for SRS than for WBRT (46.4% vs. 38.8%, P < 0.001). Among Korean patients with BM, especially patients with primary lung cancer, RT improved the short-term survival rate, and SRS appears to be more useful than WBRT in this setting.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Brain Neoplasms; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Radiosurgery; Retrospective Studies; Survival Rate
PubMed: 33850188
DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-87357-x -
Cardiology Clinics Nov 2019Advances in cancer therapies have significantly improved patient outcomes. However, with improvements in survival, the toxicities associated with cancer therapy have... (Review)
Review
Advances in cancer therapies have significantly improved patient outcomes. However, with improvements in survival, the toxicities associated with cancer therapy have become of paramount importance and oncologists are faced with the challenge of establishing therapeutic efficacy while minimizing toxicity. Cardiovascular disease represents a significant risk to survivors of childhood cancer and is a major cause of morbidity and mortality. This article outlines the current state of knowledge regarding cardiotoxicity in children undergoing cancer therapies, including the impact of specific oncologic therapies, recommendations for cardiovascular screening, the management of established cardiac disease, and the evolving field of pediatric cardio-oncology.
Topics: Antineoplastic Agents; Cancer Survivors; Cardiotoxicity; Cardiovascular Diseases; Child; Global Health; Humans; Incidence; Neoplasms; Risk Factors; Survival Rate
PubMed: 31587793
DOI: 10.1016/j.ccl.2019.07.002 -
Medicine Nov 2022Osteonecrosis of the femoral head (ONFH) is a progressive disease, and transtrochanteric rotational osteotomy (TRO) is a promising option to treat hip preservation.... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis Review
BACKGROUND
Osteonecrosis of the femoral head (ONFH) is a progressive disease, and transtrochanteric rotational osteotomy (TRO) is a promising option to treat hip preservation. Compared with outcomes of non-Asian patients, those of Asian patients are different. Once ONFH has progressed to the stage of collapse, total hip arthroplasty (THA) is an unavoidable surgical procedure. However, patients treated with TRO still have a certain rate of femoral head collapse. A meta-analysis was done to comprehensively understand the outcome of TRO surgery for ONFH, in which conversion to THA was used as an endpoint event or the survival rate of patients with ONFH after TRO surgery as an indicator.
METHODS
We retrieved electronic databases from the inception of the study until June 2022, using the survival rate after TRO surgery or that after conversion to the endpoint event of THA as the effect indicator. The Risk Difference Independent unmatched samples of counting information with 95% confidence intervals (CI) were used to calculate the outcome. Also, subgroup analysis was carried out for Asian and non-Asian patients. Heterogeneity and publication bias analyses were also done for the included studies.
RESULTS
We pooled 19 studies, all of which were about applying TRO procedure for ONFH. There were 15 cohort studies, 4 case-control studies, and no randomized controlled studies. Based on the information extracted from the reported above (we extracted the relevant independent effect values separately for the case-control studies), this meta-analysis was performed based on a fixed-effect model, and META analysis was performed for an independent unpaired group of the samples. The total hip survival rate after TRO in ONFH was 0.58(95% CI = 0.45-0.72), The survival rate for Asians was: 0.68 (95% CI = 0.51-0.85) and for non-Asians was: 0.41 (95% CI = 0.17-0.64), respectively.
CONCLUSIONS
The application of TRO surgery in ONFH can effectively relieve patients' symptoms and they enjoy n a high survival rate, especially for Asian patients. This makes it a promising surgical technique.
Topics: Adult; Humans; Arthroplasty, Replacement, Hip; Femur Head; Osteonecrosis; Osteotomy; Survival Rate; Translocation, Genetic
PubMed: 36451500
DOI: 10.1097/MD.0000000000031777 -
BMC Cancer Jun 2023Ovarian cancer is amongst one of the most commonly occurring cancers affecting women, and the leading cause of gynecologic related cancer death. Its poor prognosis and... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis
BACKGROUND
Ovarian cancer is amongst one of the most commonly occurring cancers affecting women, and the leading cause of gynecologic related cancer death. Its poor prognosis and high mortality rates can be attributed to the absence of specific signs and symptoms until advance stages, which frequently leads to late diagnosis. Survival rate of patients diagnosed with ovarian cancer can be used in order to better assess current standard of care; the aim of this study is to evaluate the survival rate of ovarian cancer patients in Asia.
METHODS
Systematic review was performed on articles that were published by the end of August 2021 in five international databases, including Medline / PubMed, ProQuest, Scopus, Web of Knowledge, and Google Scholar. The Newcastle-Ottawa quality evaluation form was used for cohort studies to evaluate the quality of the articles. The Cochran-Q and I tests were used to calculate the heterogeneity of the studies. The Meta-regression analysis was also done according to when the study was published.
RESULTS
A total of 667 articles were reviewed, from which 108 were included in this study because they passed the criteria. Based on a randomized model, the survival rates of ovarian cancer after 1, 3 and 5 years were respectively 73.65% (95% CI, 68.66-78.64), 61.31% (95% CI, 55.39-67.23) and 59.60% (95% CI, 56.06-63.13). Additionally, based on meta-regression analysis, there was no relationship between the year of study and survival rate.
CONCLUSIONS
The 1-year survival rate was higher than that of 3- and 5-year for ovarian cancer. This study provides invaluable information that can not only help establish better standard of care for treatment of ovarian cancer, but also assist in development of superior health interventions for prevention and treatment of the disease.
Topics: Humans; Female; Survival Rate; Ovarian Neoplasms; Asia
PubMed: 37328812
DOI: 10.1186/s12885-023-11041-8 -
The Journal of Invasive Cardiology Nov 2019
Topics: Critical Care; Decision Making; Global Health; Humans; Incidence; Quality Assurance, Health Care; Shock, Cardiogenic; Survival Rate
PubMed: 31671068
DOI: No ID Found -
Expert Review of Respiratory Medicine Sep 2020
Topics: Betacoronavirus; COVID-19; Coronavirus Infections; Global Health; Humans; Incidence; Multiple Organ Failure; Pandemics; Pneumonia, Viral; SARS-CoV-2; Survival Rate
PubMed: 32567404
DOI: 10.1080/17476348.2020.1778470 -
Circulation. Cardiovascular Quality and... Feb 2023
Topics: Humans; Out-of-Hospital Cardiac Arrest; Quality Improvement; Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation; Registries; Emergency Medical Services; Survival Rate; Incidence
PubMed: 36503277
DOI: 10.1161/CIRCOUTCOMES.122.009603 -
Resuscitation Jan 2022Mathematical optimization of automated external defibrillator (AED) placement has demonstrated potential to improve survival of out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA)....
AIM
Mathematical optimization of automated external defibrillator (AED) placement has demonstrated potential to improve survival of out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA). Existing models mostly aim to improve accessibility based on coverage radius and do not account for detailed impact of delayed defibrillation on survival. We aimed to predict OHCA survival based on time to defibrillation and developed an AED placement model to directly maximize the expected survival rate.
METHODS
We stratified OHCAs occurring in Singapore (2010-2017) based on time to defibrillation and developed a regression model to predict the Utstein survival rate. We then developed a novel AED placement model, the maximum expected survival rate (MESR) model. We compared the performance of MESR with a maximum coverage model developed for Canada that was shown to be generalizable to other settings (Denmark). The survival gain of MESR was assessed through 10-fold cross-validation for placement of 20 to 1000 new AEDs in Singapore. Statistical analysis was performed using χ and McNemar's tests.
RESULTS
During the study period, 15,345 OHCAs occurred. The power-law approximation with R of 91.33% performed best among investigated models. It predicted a survival of 54.9% with defibrillation within the first two minutes after collapse that was reduced by more than 60% without defibrillation within the first 4 minutes. MESR outperformed the maximum coverage model with P-value < 0.05 (<0.0001 in 22 of 30 experiments).
CONCLUSION
We developed a novel AED placement model based on the impact of time to defibrillation on OHCA outcomes. Mathematical optimization can improve OHCA survival.
Topics: Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation; Defibrillators; Emergency Medical Services; Humans; Out-of-Hospital Cardiac Arrest; Retrospective Studies; Survival Rate
PubMed: 34883217
DOI: 10.1016/j.resuscitation.2021.11.039