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Resuscitation Oct 2021To evaluate the relationship between the accessibility of automatic external defibrillators (AEDs) and the survival rate of patients who have out-of-hospital cardiac... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis
OBJECTIVE
To evaluate the relationship between the accessibility of automatic external defibrillators (AEDs) and the survival rate of patients who have out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA).
METHODS
The systematic review was conducted according to the Cochrane Handbook of Systematic Reviews. We searched the Chinese and English literature databases from 2009 to 2019. Study selection and data collection were conducted by three reviewers. One-month survival rates of OHCA with different AEDs accessibility were estimated using meta-analysis.
RESULTS
Overall 16 studies with 55,537 participants were included. The overall one-month survival rate for OHCA was 27.4%. The one-month survival rate was 35.2% for people receiving AEDs within 5 min, 36.6% between 5 min to 10 min, and 28.4% for longer than 10 min. By distance between the location of the AEDs and the location of the cardiac arrest, the one-month survival rate was 37.1% for those ≤100 m, 22.0% for 100 m-200 m, and 12.8% for >200 m, respectively. The one-month survival rate was 39.3% in schools, sports venues and airports compared with 23.5% in other sites. The number of AEDs allocation was positively correlated, while the time and distance were negatively correlated with the one-month survival rate adjusted for other factors, but they were all non-significant correlations.
CONCLUSION
The improvement of accessibility of AEDs may increase the survival rate of OHCA and the survival rate may be higher in playgrounds, airports, and schools equipped with AEDs. However, the strength of evidence was limited by the considerably heterogeneity of included studies. Verification of these findings in further studies is warranted.
Topics: Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation; Defibrillators; Humans; Out-of-Hospital Cardiac Arrest; Survival Rate
PubMed: 34453997
DOI: 10.1016/j.resuscitation.2021.08.035 -
Journal of Environmental Management Jan 2023Biochar may be potentially used as a rhizobial carrier due to its specific chemical compositions and surface properties, but the relationship between these properties...
Biochar may be potentially used as a rhizobial carrier due to its specific chemical compositions and surface properties, but the relationship between these properties and rhizobial survival rate is largely unknown. Here, we analysed the physicochemical characteristics and carrier potential of six types of biochars made from various feedstocks at 600 °C using slow pyrolysis method, and results were compared with conventional carrier material peat. Liquid suspension of Bradyrhziobium japonicum CB1809 was used to inoculate all the carrier materials. Shelf life and survival rate was determined via colony forming unit (CFU) method for up to 90 days under two storage temperature conditions (28 °C and 38 °C). The determined physicochemical characteristics of biochars were categorized into major elements, trace elements, relative ratios, surface morphology, functional groups, and key basic properties; and their interaction to shelf life was analysed using hypothesis-oriented structure equation modelling (path analysis). Results revealed that different types of biochars had different capacity to impact on shelf life due to their different physicochemical properties. Among all biochars pine wood BC was the most suitable carrier with the highest counts of 10.11 Log 10 CFU g and 9.76 Log 10 CFU g at the end of 90 days at 28 °C and 38 °C storage, respectively. Path analysis revealed that rhizobial shelf life was largely explained by total carbon (TC), manganese (Mn), specific surface area (SSA), pore size, CO (ketonic carbon), and O-CO (carboxyl carbon) functional groups, and all these indicators exhibited positive direct impact on shelf life. Pinewood BC showed the highest values of Mn, SSA, pore size and functional groups (CO and O-CO), contributing to its highest rhizobial shelf life and survival rate among other biochars and peat tested.
Topics: Rhizobium; Survival Rate; Charcoal; Soil; Carbon; Temperature; Surface Properties
PubMed: 36347218
DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2022.116594 -
Minerva Pediatrics Dec 2021The Italian Cancer Registry Association has estimated that for the five-year period 2016-2020, in line with the previous five years, approximately 7000 neoplasms have...
The Italian Cancer Registry Association has estimated that for the five-year period 2016-2020, in line with the previous five years, approximately 7000 neoplasms have been diagnosed among children and 4000 among adolescents. Leukemias, brain tumors and lymphomas together account for more than two-thirds of all pediatric cancers. Fortunately, the five-years survival rate has progressively improved reaching 80% thanks to the continuing improvement of therapeutic protocols but most of these cancer survivors will have at least one chronic health condition by 40 years of age. Long-term complications concern various organs and systems and have a multifactorial etiopathogenesis. Obesity, diabetes, and metabolic syndrome represent chronic diseases that affect life expectancy. Cardiovascular risk partly linked to therapies and genetic susceptibility and partly linked to the presence of obesity, diabetes and metabolic syndrome predispose childhood cancer survivors to heart failure, coronary artery disease, valvular disease, arrhythmia. Hence the cardio- metabolic risk of childhood cancer survivors can have a significant impact on their lives, families, and on society at-large. Therefore, it is very important to know the risk factors that predispose to the development of cardio-metabolic pathologies in childhood cancer survivors, the possible primary and secondary prevention strategies, the methods of surveillance and the therapeutic approaches.
Topics: Adolescent; Brain Neoplasms; Cancer Survivors; Cardiovascular Diseases; Child; Humans; Registries; Survival Rate
PubMed: 34309347
DOI: 10.23736/S2724-5276.21.06544-7 -
BMC Public Health Oct 2022Consistent improvements for overall survival (OS) have been reported for individuals with metastatic cancer. Swedish population-based registers allow national coverage...
AIMS
Consistent improvements for overall survival (OS) have been reported for individuals with metastatic cancer. Swedish population-based registers allow national coverage and long follow-up time. The aim of this study was to estimate and explore long-term OS of individuals diagnosed with metastatic cancer using Swedish nationwide health registers.
METHODS
Individuals with metastatic breast (MBC), non-small cell lung (MNSCLC), ovary (MOC) or colorectal cancer (MCRC) or metastatic malignant melanoma (MMM) were identified in the Swedish national cancer register and national patient registers. Survival was estimated and stratified by available variables. Potential cure fractions were estimated using mixture cure models.
RESULTS
In total, approximately 69,000 individuals were identified. The most common cancers were MCRC (36.2%) and MNSCLC (29.5%). Men were more frequently diagnosed with MNSCLC, MCRC, and MMM compared to women. Except for MOC, about 50% of individuals were 70 years or older at diagnosis. Throughout the study period survival differed across cancers. The longest median OS was observed for individuals with MOC and MBC. At 10 years of follow-up, the survival curves flatten at a survival rate of approximately 10% for all cancers except MNSCLC. The youngest age groups had the longest median OS. Increased survival was also observed for individuals diagnosed in 2015 and 2018 compared to individuals diagnosed during earlier years. The estimated cure fractions were 4% for MBC, 1.5% for MNSCLC, 6.8% for MCRC, 8.6% for MOC and MMM.
CONCLUSIONS
Long-term survival has been assessed across all indications except for NSCLC.. The findings may be relevant for healthcare planning to meet the needs of future patients and potential long-term survivors.
Topics: Female; Humans; Male; Neoplasms; Neoplasms, Second Primary; Registries; Survival Rate; Sweden
PubMed: 36229841
DOI: 10.1186/s12889-022-14255-w -
Evidence-based Dentistry Dec 2022Design A retrospective study.Cohort selection Inclusion criteria included: participants of any age who had completed their fixed orthodontic treatment on both arches and... (Review)
Review
Design A retrospective study.Cohort selection Inclusion criteria included: participants of any age who had completed their fixed orthodontic treatment on both arches and were treated by the same orthodontist in their private practice; had bonded retainers for five years, which were placed immediately after the orthodontic treatment in both arches; had one of three types of bonded retainers (0.026 × 0.010 inch Bond-A-Braid, 0.038 × 0.016 inch Ortho-FlexTech and Reliance Retainium Superior Brand Lingual Retainer Wire); had a final overbite of 2-4 mm after the completion of orthodontic treatment. Subjects who got their retainers changed, repaired or removed before five years, and syndromic patients, were excluded from the study.Data analysis The participants who agreed to contribute to the study and came for the final clinical examination were assessed for the retention status and the periodontal/gingival indies. Retention and retainer status: unwanted tooth movements and time and type of retainer failure. Periodontal/gingival indies: maximum pocket depth (PD) from the lingual side for the retained teeth and bleeding on probing (BOP). The authors performed a series of analyses to compare the orthodontic retainers regarding several outcomes and demographic variables. Briefly, the authors compared the orthodontic retainers concerning: i) age and treatment duration using analysis of variance (since the data were found to be normally distributed based on the Kolmogorov-Smirnov test); ii) demographic variables and BOP using several Chi-square tests; iii) PD via the Kruskal-Wallis test; and iv) survival rate through a Cox regression model alongside log-rank test.Results In total, 118 patients were included in this study, of which, 90 were women and 28 were men, with an average age of 22.34 ± 6.44 years. There was no statistically significant difference in the survival rate between the three types of retainers or between men and women. Likewise, there was no statistically significant difference in survival rate between the different age groups for the maxilla and mandible. Different maximum and minimum failure rates were observed between teeth in the maxilla and the mandible in the three retainers' group.Conclusions No difference was found between the three types of bonded retainers in regard to the survival rate and periodontal indices.
Topics: Male; Humans; Female; Adolescent; Young Adult; Adult; Retrospective Studies; Orthodontic Appliance Design; Survival Rate; Orthodontic Retainers; Orthodontic Appliances, Fixed
PubMed: 36526843
DOI: 10.1038/s41432-022-0832-z -
Harmful Algae Jul 2020Harmful algal blooms (HABs) have had harmful effects on the health of a wide range of organisms and are becoming a noteworthy risk to fisheries, human health and...
Survey of survival rate and histological alterations of gills and hepatopancreas of the Litopenaeus vannamei juveniles caused by exposure of Margalefidinium / Cochlodinium polykrikoides isolated from the Persian Gulf.
Harmful algal blooms (HABs) have had harmful effects on the health of a wide range of organisms and are becoming a noteworthy risk to fisheries, human health and wildlife around the globe. Although the lethal influences of dinoflagellate Margalefidinium / Cochlodinium polykrikoides have been well-documented for finfish, the impacts on decapod crustacean species, especially, Litopenaeus vannamei are poorly understood. Here, we examined the exposure of L. vannamei juveniles with different M. polykrikoides densities (T1: 1 × 10, T2: 2 × 10, T3: 3 × 10, T4: 9 × 10 and T5: 30 × 10 cells ml), in order to observe possible histological alterations in gills and hepatopancreas. After 96 h exposure, shrimp exhibited increased mortality and survival rate of juveniles in control group were meaningfully (P < 0.05) higher than treatments exposed to 9 × 10 and 30 × 10 cells ml of M. polykrikoides. The lowest survival observed in treatments T4 (95.56%) and T5 (82.20 %), respectively. The juveniles exposed to high densities of M. polykrikoides had flaccid bodies and gills were yellow in color with some black spots (melanization) in pereiopods. At the end of the experiment, shrimps' hepatopancreas and gills exhibited various histological alterations. The irregular appearance of the tubular structure of the hepatopancreas, R- and B-cells reduction, separation of epithelium and myoepithelial layer, ruptured epithelial cells and degeneration of tubules were detected in the hepatopancreas of shrimps exposed to 30 × 10 cells ml. In gills of shrimp exposed to 30 × 10 cells ml, alterations in epithelial structure, increases in the number of intercellular hemocytes, and changes in tissue structure were observed. Finally, findings suggest that M. polykrikoides blooms can lead to significant impacts on survival and major histological alterations in gills and hepatopancreas organs when the density of M. polykrikoides was over 9 × 10 cells ml.
Topics: Animals; Dinoflagellida; Gills; Hepatopancreas; Indian Ocean; Survival Rate
PubMed: 32732050
DOI: 10.1016/j.hal.2020.101856 -
Southern Medical Journal Aug 2019To better understand the disproportionate burdens from cancer, cardiovascular disease, diabetes mellitus, stroke, and other chronic conditions related to energy balance,... (Randomized Controlled Trial)
Randomized Controlled Trial
OBJECTIVES
To better understand the disproportionate burdens from cancer, cardiovascular disease, diabetes mellitus, stroke, and other chronic conditions related to energy balance, we studied diet and physical activity patterns in younger and older adults in rural Appalachia by using a nonclinical, cross-sectional, community-based sampling approach.
METHODS
A total of 651 younger (ages 18-59) and 254 older (ages ≥60) Appalachians were recruited from 43 churches or community organizations. Participants answered questions about fruit and vegetable intake and physical activity. Analyses were adjusted for clustering within churches.
RESULTS
Compared with older Appalachians, younger Appalachians consumed significantly fewer fruits and vegetables ( = 0.01) and reported significantly more moderate-to-vigorous physical activity ( = 0.01). Regardless of age, engagement in healthy behaviors was suboptimal and well below national averages.
CONCLUSIONS
This community-based sample demonstrated elevated behavioral risk factors that likely contribute to some of the nation's highest rates of premature mortality. Despite suboptimal dietary intake and physical activity, results indicate some potential leverage points between the generations that may be used to improve health. For example, the older generation could benefit from engaging with their younger relatives in physical activities while advocating for a better-rounded diet. Given traditions of intergenerational connectedness, mutual aid, and self-reliance, transmission of healthier behaviors across the generations may be beneficial in the rural Appalachian context.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Appalachian Region; Cross-Sectional Studies; Exercise; Female; Health Behavior; Health Status; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Rural Population; Surveys and Questionnaires; Survival Rate; Young Adult
PubMed: 31375842
DOI: 10.14423/SMJ.0000000000001008 -
Journal of Applied Oral Science :... 2023Hall technique (HT) has been indicated for teeth with dentinal caries lesion; however, extensive cavities, with more than two surfaces still seem challenging for... (Randomized Controlled Trial)
Randomized Controlled Trial
BACKGROUND
Hall technique (HT) has been indicated for teeth with dentinal caries lesion; however, extensive cavities, with more than two surfaces still seem challenging for restorative treatment in pediatric dentistry, resulting in a higher failure rate and an increased need for retreatment.
OBJECTIVES
To compare the survival rate of the Hall technique preformed metal crown (HT) with resin composite restoration (RC) for multi-surface cavitated caries lesions in primary molars.
METHODOLOGY
In this multicenter two-arm randomized clinical trial, children between 4 and 9 years of age with at least one primary molar with cavitated caries lesion involving more than two surfaces, including one buccal or palatal/lingual surface, were selected from 17 Brazilian cities. A total of 364 teeth were allocated into two groups: (1) teeth treated with selective caries removal and RC and (2) treated with the HT. The survival rate was assessed at 6 and 12 months after the interventions. Survival analysis was performed with the Kaplan‒Meier method. Cox regression was used to determine the influence of explanatory variables on the survival rate (α=5%).
RESULTS
After 12 months, 292 teeth were re-evaluated. A total of 358 teeth were re-evaluated at least once during the study and included in the survival analysis. The HT (87.8%) resulted in a higher survival rate than RC restoration (75.7%) (p=0.004).
CONCLUSION
HT has a higher survival rate than RC as a treatment for multi-surface cavitated caries lesions in primary teeth. ClinicalTrials.gov: NCT02782390.
Topics: Child; Humans; Survival Rate; Dental Restoration, Permanent; Molar; Tooth, Deciduous; Dental Caries; Composite Resins
PubMed: 37820181
DOI: 10.1590/1678-7757-2023-0048 -
Annals of Global Health Dec 2019Breast cancer (BC) is one of the main problems of public health around the world. As a consequence, survival rates are one of the most salient indicators for assessing... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis
BACKGROUND
Breast cancer (BC) is one of the main problems of public health around the world. As a consequence, survival rates are one of the most salient indicators for assessing the quality of cancer control and treatment programs.
OBJECTIVES
The aim of this study is to evaluate the survival rate of breast cancer in the Eastern Mediterranean region at different periods of time.
METHODS
Medline/PubMed, ProQuest, Scopus, Embase, Web of Knowledge and Google Scholar databases until February 1, 2018. All observational studies (cross-sectional, case-control, and cohort) referring to the survival of breast cancer were included in the study. The heterogeneity and its value were examined by Cochran test and I statistics, respectively. Analysis of subgroups performed was based on geographical area and Human Development Index (HDI), using Stata 12 software.
FINDINGS
A total of 58 papers were analyzed. Based on a random effect model, the survival rates of breast cancer in different periods-1, 2, 3, 4, 5 and 10 years-were estimated at 93.9, 85, 79.8, 72.6, 69.2, 62.1 and 55.5 percent, respectively. The highest 10-year survival rate was in Iran (59.2%), and the lowest was observed in Bahrain (45%).
CONCLUSIONS
Evidence suggests that about half of the patients in this area would die before 10 years survival, which is different from more developed countries. Also, high survival rates are associated with high human development index, which can help health policy-makers to better predict the outcomes of patients.
Topics: Africa, Eastern; Africa, Northern; Breast Neoplasms; Developed Countries; Developing Countries; Female; Humans; Middle East; Survival Rate
PubMed: 31857944
DOI: 10.5334/aogh.2521 -
The Journal of ECT Jun 2021Involuntary electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) can be a lifesaving intervention for patients suffering from potentially lethal conditions who are unable to give informed...
OBJECTIVE
Involuntary electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) can be a lifesaving intervention for patients suffering from potentially lethal conditions who are unable to give informed consent. However, its use is not widespread, probably partly because of the scarce data on hard outcomes following involuntary ECT. In Denmark, involuntary ECT is only used when patients are at imminent/potential risk of dying if not receiving ECT. Here, we aimed to estimate the 1-year survival rate after the administration of involuntary ECT as a proxy for the effectiveness of this treatment.
METHODS
We conducted a register-based cohort study involving (i) all patients receiving involuntary ECT in Denmark between 2008 and 2019, (ii) age- and sex-matched patients receiving voluntary ECT, and (iii) age- and sex-matched individuals from the general population. One-year survival rates were compared via mortality rate ratios.
RESULTS
We identified 618 patients receiving involuntary ECT, 547 patients receiving voluntary ECT, and 3080 population-based controls. The survival rate in the year after involuntary ECT was 90%. For patients receiving involuntary ECT, the 1-year mortality rate ratios were 3.1 (95% confidence interval, 1.9-5.2) and 5.8 (95% confidence interval, 4.0-8.2) compared with those receiving voluntarily ECT and to the population-based controls, respectively. Risk factors for early death among patients receiving involuntary ECT were male sex, being 70 years or older and having organic mental disorder as the treatment indication.
CONCLUSIONS
Treatment with involuntary ECT is associated with a high survival rate, suggesting that the intervention is effective. However, patients receiving involuntary ECT constitute a high-risk population that should be monitored closely after this treatment.
Topics: Cohort Studies; Electroconvulsive Therapy; Humans; Male; Survival Rate
PubMed: 33337646
DOI: 10.1097/YCT.0000000000000736