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Microbiology Spectrum Dec 20225-Fluorouracil (5-FU), irinotecan (CPT-11), oxaliplatin (L-OHP), and calcium folinate (CF) are widely used chemotherapeutic drugs to treat colorectal cancer. However,...
Chemotherapeutic Drugs Induce Different Gut Microbiota Disorder Pattern and NOD/RIP2/NF-κB Signaling Pathway Activation That Lead to Different Degrees of Intestinal Injury.
5-Fluorouracil (5-FU), irinotecan (CPT-11), oxaliplatin (L-OHP), and calcium folinate (CF) are widely used chemotherapeutic drugs to treat colorectal cancer. However, chemotherapeutic use is often accompanied by intestinal inflammation and gut microbiota disorder. Changes in gut microbiota may destroy the intestinal barrier, which contributes to the severity of intestinal injury. However, intestinal injury and gut microbiota disorder have yet to be compared among 5-FU, CPT-11, L-OHP, and CF in detail, thereby limiting the development of targeted detoxification therapy after chemotherapy. In this study, a model of chemotherapy-induced intestinal injury in tumor-bearing mice was established by intraperitoneally injecting chemotherapeutic drugs at a clinically equivalent dose. 16S rRNA gene sequencing was used to detect gut microbiota. We found that 5-FU, CPT-11, and l-OHP caused intestinal injury, inflammatory cytokine (gamma interferon [IFN-γ], tumor necrosis factor alpha [TNF-α], interleukin-1β [IL-1β], and IL-6) secretion, and gut microbiota disorder. We established a complex but clear network between the pattern of changes in gut microbiota and degree of intestinal damage induced by different chemotherapeutic drugs. L-OHP caused the most severe damage in the intestine and disorder of the gut microbiota and showed a considerable overlap of the pattern of changes in microbiota with 5-FU and CPT-11. Analysis by Phylogenetic Investigation of Communities by Reconstruction of Unobserved States (PICRUSt v.1.0) showed that the microbiota disorder pattern induced by 5-FU, CPT-11, and L-OHP was related to the NOD-like signaling pathway. Therefore, we detected the protein expression of the NOD/RIP2/NF-κB signaling pathway and found that L-OHP most activated this pathway. Redundancy analysis/canonical correlation analysis (RDA/CCA) revealed that , , , , , , , Proteus, Escherichia , , , Streptococcus, and " Saccharimonas" were highly correlated with the NOD/RIP2/NF-κB signaling pathway and influenced by chemotherapeutic drugs. Chemotherapy-induced intestinal injury limits the clinical use of drugs. Intestinal injury involves multiple signaling pathways and gut microbiota disruption. Our results suggested that the degree of intestinal injury caused by different drugs of the first-line colorectal chemotherapy regimen is related to the pattern of changes in microbiota. The activation of the NOD/RIP2/NF-κB signaling pathway was also related to the pattern of changes in microbiota. l-OHP caused the most severe damage to the intestine and showed a considerable overlap of the pattern of changes in microbiota with 5-FU and CPT-11. Thirteen bacterial genera were related to different levels of intestinal injury and correlated with the NOD/RIP2/NF-κB pathway. Here, we established a network of different chemotherapeutic drugs, gut microbiota, and the NOD/RIP2/NF-κB signaling pathway. This study likely provided a new basis for further elucidating the mechanism and clinical treatment of intestinal injury caused by chemotherapy.
Topics: Animals; Mice; Antineoplastic Agents; Fluorouracil; Gastrointestinal Microbiome; Intestinal Diseases; Irinotecan; NF-kappa B; Oxaliplatin; Phylogeny; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; Signal Transduction
PubMed: 36222691
DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.01677-22 -
International Journal of Molecular... Sep 2022Lipidic metabolites play essential roles in host physiological health and growth performance, serving as the major structural and signaling components of membranes,...
Lipidomics for Determining Giant Panda Responses in Serum and Feces Following Exposure to Different Amount of Bamboo Shoot Consumption: A First Step towards Lipidomic Atlas of Bamboo, Giant Panda Serum and Feces by Means of GC-MS and UHPLC-HRMS/MS.
Lipidic metabolites play essential roles in host physiological health and growth performance, serving as the major structural and signaling components of membranes, energy storage molecules, and steroid hormones. Bamboo, as wild giant pandas' exclusive diet, is the main determinant of giant pandas' lipidome, both as a direct source and through microbiota activity. Interestingly, the consumption of bamboo has attracted little attention from a lipidomic perspective. In the current study, we outline the lipidomic atlas of different parts of bamboo. By gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS), we have been able to obtain the absolute quantification of 35 fatty acids pertaining to short chain fatty acids (8), medium chain fatty acids (6), long chain fatty acids (17), and very long chain fatty acids (4), while liquid chromatography coupled to high-resolution mass spectrometry (UHPLC-HRMS/MS) allowed us to obtain the relative quantification of another 1638 lipids. Among the fatty acids quantified in absolute terms, eight showed significantly distinct concentrations among different bamboo parts. Subsequently, we investigated how the giant panda's serum and fecal lipidome adapt to the most important annual change in their diet, represented by the consumption of high amounts of bamboo shoots, typical of spring, the weight-gaining season. Five fatty acids were significantly altered in feces and two in serum, respectively, due to the different levels of bamboo shoot consumption. Furthermore, significant differences of the main bacteria strains were observed in feces between the two groups at the genus level, pertaining to , , and Correlations between giant panda fecal microbiome and lipidome were evaluated by Pearson correlation analysis. These findings suggest that a balanced diet, important for the overall lipidomic function and giant panda health, could be reached even in this remarkable case of a single food-based diet, by administering to the giant panda's combinations of different parts of bamboo, with specific lipidome profiles.
Topics: Animals; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; Fatty Acids; Feces; Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry; Hormones; Lipidomics; Lipids; Ursidae; Vegetables
PubMed: 36232846
DOI: 10.3390/ijms231911544 -
Parasites & Vectors Dec 2021As a pervasive insect that transmits a variety of pathogens to humans and animals, the housefly has abundant and diverse microbial communities in its intestines. These...
BACKGROUND
As a pervasive insect that transmits a variety of pathogens to humans and animals, the housefly has abundant and diverse microbial communities in its intestines. These gut microbes play an important role in the biology of insects and form a symbiotic relationship with the host insect. Alterations in the structure of the gut microbial community would affect larval development. Therefore, it is important to understand the mechanism regulating the influence of specific bacteria on the development of housefly larvae.
METHODS
For this study we selected the intestinal symbiotic bacterium Enterobacter hormaechei, which is beneficial to the growth and development of housefly larvae, and used it as a probiotic supplement in larval feed. 16S rRNA gene sequencing technology was used to explore the effect of E. hormaechei on the intestinal flora of housefly larvae, and plate confrontation experiments were performed to study the interaction between E. hormaechei and intestinal microorganisms.
RESULTS
The composition of the gut microflora of the larvae changed after the larvae were fed E. hormaechei, with the abundance of Pseudochrobactrum, Enterobacter and Vagococcus increasing and that of Klebsiella and Bacillus decreasing. Analysis of the structure and interaction of larval intestinal flora revealed that E. hormaechei inhibited the growth of harmful bacteria, such as Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Providencia stuartii and Providencia vermicola, and promoted the reproduction of beneficial bacteria.
CONCLUSIONS
Our study has explored the influence of specific beneficial bacteria on the intestinal flora of houseflies. The results of this study reveal the important role played by specific beneficial bacteria on the development of housefly larvae and provide insight for the development of sustained biological agents for housefly control through interference of gut microbiota.
Topics: Animals; Enterobacter; Female; Gastrointestinal Microbiome; Houseflies; Humans; Intestines; Larva; Male; Probiotics; Symbiosis
PubMed: 34876203
DOI: 10.1186/s13071-021-05053-1 -
Plants (Basel, Switzerland) Jun 2021Antimicrobials are widely applied in aquaculture for treatment of infectious diseases in fish. The increased antimicrobial resistance of fish pathogens to conventional...
Antimicrobials are widely applied in aquaculture for treatment of infectious diseases in fish. The increased antimicrobial resistance of fish pathogens to conventional antimicrobial treatment highlights the need for research on the antibacterial properties of natural products-in this case, essential oils (EOs). The aim of the present study was to detect the antimicrobial activity of the essential oils on pathogenic microorganisms found in freshwater fish. Freshwater fish isolates of spp., spp., spp., spp., spp., spp., spp., and spp. were tested for antimicrobial resistance and antimicrobial activity against 14 commercially available essential oils. Antimicrobial resistance was identified in spp. isolates against cefepime and ciprofloxacin; while all , , and isolates were fully susceptible. All tested EOs revealed antimicrobial activity against the tested freshwater fish isolates at different extents. exhibited strong antimicrobial activity against spp. (3.12 μL/mL), spp. (0.78-1.56 μL/mL), and spp. with the MIC method. EOs of and showed strong antibacterial activity against spp. and spp. (6.25 μL/mL). The study shows the antimicrobial activity of EOs against the most relevant freshwater fish pathogens and indicates the application opportunities in aquaculture.
PubMed: 34206270
DOI: 10.3390/plants10071265 -
International Journal of Microbiology 2023Zambia has seen rapid development in aquaculture, and in recent years, the industry has experienced disease outbreaks where fish have increasingly become a potential...
Zambia has seen rapid development in aquaculture, and in recent years, the industry has experienced disease outbreaks where fish have increasingly become a potential contributor to emerging bacterial zoonotic diseases. The aim of this study was to identify bacterial pathogens with zoonotic potential in apparently healthy fish and water from their habitat. A total of sixty-three fish were sampled, and fifty-nine water samples were collected from the habitats of these fish. Bacteria were cultured from the internal organs of fish and water, and these were identified through standard bacteriological methods comprising morphological characterization, Gram-staining, and a panel of biochemical tests. The following bacterial pathogens with zoonotic potential were identified at a farm prevalence of (13.2%), (2.1%), (2.1%), (0.7%), (6.9%), (2.1%), (0.7%), (18.1%), and (0.7). Other bacteria with varying significance as fish pathogens identified included (2.1%), (1.4%), (1.4%), (2.1%), (10.4%), (3.5%), (1.4%), (1.4%), (2.1%), (4.2%), (6.9%), (1.4%), (1.4%), (6.3%), (1.4%), (1.4%), (0.7%), and (0.7%). The current study provides baseline information for future reference and the implementation of public health guidelines with regard to potential zoonotic diseases in fish.
PubMed: 37333886
DOI: 10.1155/2023/6650378 -
The Journal of Dairy Research Aug 2020For this research communication, 90 samples of a Brazilian dairy were combined into four groups (raw material, final product, food-contact and non-food contact surfaces)...
For this research communication, 90 samples of a Brazilian dairy were combined into four groups (raw material, final product, food-contact and non-food contact surfaces) and analyzed by metataxonomics based on 16S rRNA gene sequencing. The results showed high alpha-diversity indexes for final product and non-food contact surfaces but, overall, beta-diversity indexes were low. The samples were separated in two main clusters, and the core microbiota was composed by Macrococcus, Alkaliphilus, Vagococcus, Lactobacillus, Marinilactibacillus, Streptococcus, Lysinibacillus, Staphylococcus, Clostridium, Halomonas, Lactococcus, Enterococcus, Bacillus and Psychrobacter. These results highlight that rare taxa occur in dairies, and this may aid the development of strategies for food protection.
Topics: Animals; Bacteria; Brazil; Cattle; Dairy Products; Food Microbiology; Milk
PubMed: 32883375
DOI: 10.1017/S0022029920000837 -
Journal of Agricultural and Food... Apr 2023Germs associated with insect eggs can profoundly mediate interactions between host plants and herbivores, with the potential to coordinate plant physiological reactions...
Germs associated with insect eggs can profoundly mediate interactions between host plants and herbivores, with the potential to coordinate plant physiological reactions with cascading effects on insect fitness. An experimental system was established including the oriental fruit fly (OFF, ) and tomato to examine the functions of egg-associated germs in mediating plant-herbivore interactions. OFF feeding resulted in significantly increased tannins, flavonoids, amino acids, and salicylic acid in the host tomato. These defensive responses of tomato were induced by the egg-associated germs, including , , and sp. Tannins and flavonoids had no significant feedback effects on the pupal weight of OFF, while pupal biomass was significantly decreased by tannins and flavonoids in the germ-free treatment. Metabolome analysis showed that OFF mainly induced metabolic changes in carboxylic acid derivatives. Phenylalanine significantly induced downstream metabolic changes associated with phenylpropanoid accumulation. Finally, we conclude that the effects of egg-associated germs played an important role in facilitating OFF population adaptation and growth by mediating plant defenses, which provides a new paradigm for exploring the interaction of plant-pest and implementing effective pest biocontrol.
PubMed: 37021960
DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.3c00427 -
The Science of the Total Environment Aug 2024Florfenicol resistance genes (FRGs) are widely present in livestock farms. The aim of this study was to evaluate the removal efficiencies of FRGs as well as the...
Florfenicol resistance genes (FRGs) are widely present in livestock farms. The aim of this study was to evaluate the removal efficiencies of FRGs as well as the relationships between FRGs, mobile genetic elements (MGEs) and bacterial communities during the natural drying (ND) and anaerobic digestion (AD) processes of manure treatment in swine farms by combining bacterial isolation, quantitative PCR and metagenomic approaches. Solid manure showed a higher abundance of FRGs than fresh manure and was the main contamination source of fexA and fexB in ND farms, whilst biogas slurry displayed a lower abundance of FRGs than the wastewater in AD farms. Moreover, fresh manure and wastewater showed a high abundance of optrA, and wastewater was the main contamination source of cfr in both ND and AD farms. Both optrA/fexA-positive enterococci and cfr/fexA-positive staphylococci were mainly isolated along the farms' treatment processes. The cfr-positive staphylococci were highly prevalent in wastewater (57.14 % - 100 %) and may be associated with nasal-derived cfr-positive porcine staphylococci. An increased abundance of Enterococcus, Jeotgalibaca and Vagococcus in the bacterial community structures may account for the high optrA abundance in wastewater and Jeotgalibaca may be another potential host of optrA. Furthermore, the abundance of FRG-related MGEs increased by 22.63 % after the ND process and decreased by 66.96 % in AD farms. A significant correlation was observed between cfr and ISEnfa4, whereas no significance was found between optrA and IS1216E, although IS1216E is the predominant insertion sequence involved in the transfer of optrA. In conclusion, manure and wastewater represented independent pollution sources of FRGs in swine farms. Associated MGEs might play a key role in the transfer and persistence of FRGs. The AD process was more efficient in the removal of FRGs than the ND method, nevertheless a longer storage of slurry may be required for a complete removal.
Topics: Animals; Thiamphenicol; Swine; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Drug Resistance, Bacterial; Manure; Wastewater; Waste Disposal, Fluid; Animal Husbandry; Genes, Bacterial; Bacteria
PubMed: 38821272
DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.173645 -
Journal of Cardiology Cases Oct 2019A 70-year-old male with a past history of coronary artery bypass grafting, presented with high-grade fever and rapidly progressive dyspnea for 3 days. He was febrile and...
A 70-year-old male with a past history of coronary artery bypass grafting, presented with high-grade fever and rapidly progressive dyspnea for 3 days. He was febrile and a prominent diastolic murmur was noted in the aortic area. Transesophageal echocardiography showed severe aortic regurgitation with multiple mobile vegetations attached to both supra- and infravalvular surfaces of aortic valve. Blood cultures grew which was confirmed with identification and antibiotic susceptibility test testing and S16 RNA sequencing. The patient underwent aortic valve replacement with a bioprosthetic valve. Repeat blood culture was sterile. He was continued on vancomycin injections for a total period of six weeks. Vagococcus is a unique genus of Gram-positive, catalase-negative, facultatively anaerobic cocci that was identified in 1989. The only other documented case of vagococcal endocarditis involving mitral and aortic valves had a similar rapidly progressive presentation with extensive valvular damage. infection appears to have fulminant course with sudden deterioration requiring surgical intervention. <: The objective in publishing this case report is multipronged. First is the rarity of the human infection by vagococci. The difficulty in accurate diagnosis of vagococcus from other lactobacilli. Vagococcus infection appears to have fulminant course with complete destruction of the valve involved, when compared to other lactobacilli. Therefore early and accurate diagnosis with surgical valvular replacement is the best way to manage this condition.>.
PubMed: 31969941
DOI: 10.1016/j.jccase.2019.07.001 -
Journal of Fish Diseases Mar 2020In 2018, Vagococcus salmoninarum was isolated from two lots of broodstock "coaster" brook trout (Salvelinus fontinalis) containing ~1,500 fish at the Iron River National...
In 2018, Vagococcus salmoninarum was isolated from two lots of broodstock "coaster" brook trout (Salvelinus fontinalis) containing ~1,500 fish at the Iron River National Fish Hatchery, at which time it was identified as the causative agent of a chronic coldwater streptococcosis epizootic. Clinical signs included exophthalmia, lethargy, erratic swimming and loss of equilibrium. Female fish experienced disproportionately higher morbidity and mortality than male co-inhabitants, and routinely retained eggs following spawning. The most consistent gross clinical sign was heart pallor and turbid pericardial effusion. An attempted treatment using florfenicol was ineffective at halting the epizootic, which spanned more than a year and resulted in >50% mortality before remaining fish were culled. As there is no previous documentation of V. salmoninarum at this hatchery or in this species, it is still unclear what circumstances led to this epizootic. The inability to treat this chronic disease led to the loss of valuable broodstock, hampering ongoing fishery conservation efforts in the Great Lakes Basin.
Topics: Animals; Aquaculture; Enterococcaceae; Female; Fish Diseases; Gram-Positive Bacterial Infections; Male; Trout; Wisconsin
PubMed: 32030789
DOI: 10.1111/jfd.13123