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Scientific Reports Jan 2021Once the body dies, the indigenous microbes of the host begin to break down the body from the inside and play a key role thereafter. This study aimed to investigate the...
Once the body dies, the indigenous microbes of the host begin to break down the body from the inside and play a key role thereafter. This study aimed to investigate the probable shift in the composition of the rectal microbiota at different time intervals up to 15 days after death and to explore bacterial taxa important for estimating the time since death. At the phylum level, Proteobacteria and Firmicutes showed major shifts when checked at 11 different intervals and emerged at most of the postmortem intervals. At the species level, Enterococcus faecalis and Proteus mirabilis showed a downward and upward trend, respectively, after day 5 postmortem. The phylum-, family-, genus-, and species-taxon richness decreased initially and then increased considerably. The turning point occurred on day 9, when the genus, rather than the phylum, family, or species, provided the most information for estimating the time since death. We constructed a prediction model using genus-level data from high-throughput sequencing, and seven bacterial taxa, namely, Enterococcus, Proteus, Lactobacillus, unidentified Clostridiales, Vagococcus, unidentified Corynebacteriaceae, and unidentified Enterobacteriaceae, were included in this model. The abovementioned bacteria showed potential for estimating the shortest time since death.
Topics: Animals; Bacteria; DNA, Bacterial; Gastrointestinal Microbiome; Postmortem Changes; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley
PubMed: 33420339
DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-80633-2 -
European Review For Medical and... Dec 2020The aim of this study was to investigate the associations between obstructive sleep apnea hypopnea syndrome (OSAHS) complicated by cerebral infarction and intestinal...
OBJECTIVE
The aim of this study was to investigate the associations between obstructive sleep apnea hypopnea syndrome (OSAHS) complicated by cerebral infarction and intestinal flora, inflammatory factors, homocysteine, and adiponectin expression.
PATIENTS AND METHODS
A total of 30 healthy volunteers (control group), 28 patients with simple cerebral infarction (cerebral infarction group) and 28 patients with OSAHS complicated by cerebral infarction (OSAHS + cerebral infarction group) were enrolled as research objects. The fecal bacterial DNA of research objects was extracted and subject to 16S ribosomal ribonucleic acid sequencing. Furthermore, the levels of inflammatory factors, homocysteine and adiponectin in the peripheral blood were detected.
RESULTS
Compared with control group, cerebral infarction group exhibited significantly higher levels of interleukin-4 (IL-4), tumor necrosis factor-beta (TNF-β), IL-1β and C-reactive protein (CRP) (p<0.05). However, the levels of TNF-β, IL-1β and CRP in OSAHS + cerebral infarction group were notably higher than those in cerebral infarction group (p<0.05). The levels of myeloperoxidase (MPO) and malondialdehyde (MDA) were remarkably higher in cerebral infarction group than those in the control group (p<0.05). However, they were significantly higher in OSAHS + cerebral infarction group than cerebral infarction group (p<0.05). Compared with control group, cerebral infarction group exerted a noticeably higher level of homocysteine (p<0.05). However, homocysteine level was markedly higher in OSAHS + cerebral infarction group than that in cerebral infarction group (p<0.05). Adiponectin level was significantly lower in cerebral infarction group than that in the control group (p<0.05). Meanwhile, it was evidently lower in OSAHS + cerebral infarction group than that in the cerebral infarction group (p<0.05). Control group had the highest abundance of Actinobacteria, and cerebral infarction group exhibited the highest abundance of Coriobacteriales, Vagococcus, Sphingobacteriales and Adlercreutzia. However, OSAHS + cerebral infarction group exhibited the highest abundance of Bifidobacterium, Parascardovia, Metascardovia and Anaerostipes caccae. There was a strong positive correlation between Proteobacterium and Ruminococcus (r=0.9, p=0.000) and between Firmicutes and Bacteroidetes (r=0.72, p=0.004). However, there was a significant negative correlation between Firmicutes and Enterobacteriales (r=-0.45, p=0.009).
CONCLUSIONS
OSAHS complicated by cerebral infarction is significantly associated with intestinal flora, inflammatory factors, homocysteine and adiponectin expression.
Topics: Adiponectin; C-Reactive Protein; Cerebral Infarction; DNA, Bacterial; Female; Gastrointestinal Microbiome; Homocysteine; Humans; Interleukin-1beta; Interleukin-4; Lymphotoxin-alpha; Male; Middle Aged; Oxidative Stress; Sleep Apnea, Obstructive
PubMed: 33378050
DOI: 10.26355/eurrev_202012_24204 -
Journal of Applied Microbiology Aug 2021Evaluation of the antibacterial activity of cultivable bacteria associated with the marine sponges Hymeniacidon perlevis and Halichondria panicea against...
AIMS
Evaluation of the antibacterial activity of cultivable bacteria associated with the marine sponges Hymeniacidon perlevis and Halichondria panicea against multi-drug-resistant Staphylococcus aureus.
METHODS AND RESULTS
One hundred and fourteen bacterial isolates were recovered from H. perlevis and H. panicea. Antibacterial action was demonstrated by 70% of the isolates against reference strain Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 29213 and by 31·6% against Pseudomonas aeruginosa ATCC 27853 in agar overlay assays. Antibacterial potential was further analysed against 36 multi-drug-resistant hospital Staphylococcus aureus strains with diverse resistance profiles. Among the 80 isolates positive against S. aureus ATCC 29213, 76·3% were active against at least one clinical S. aureus pathogen and 73·6% inhibited one or more methicillin-resistant (MRSA) and vancomycin non-susceptible S. aureus strains. In addition, 41·3% inhibited all vancomycin nonsusceptible MRSA strains.
CONCLUSIONS
Culturable bacteria associated to H. perlevis and H. panicea are promising sources of antibacterial compounds of great pharmaceutical interest.
SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY
This study was the first to explore the antibacterial potential of culturable bacteria associated with the marine sponges H. perlevis and H. panicea against MDR bacteria. This is the first report of antibacterial activity by Aquimarina, Denitrobaculum, Maribacter and Vagococcus isolates against MDR S. aureus strains, including vancomycin nonsusceptible and methicillin-resistant ones, against which new antibiotics are urgently needed.
Topics: Animals; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Bacteria; Methicillin Resistance; Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus; Porifera; Pseudomonas aeruginosa; Staphylococcus aureus; Vancomycin
PubMed: 33421270
DOI: 10.1111/jam.14999 -
The Science of the Total Environment Aug 2024Florfenicol resistance genes (FRGs) are widely present in livestock farms. The aim of this study was to evaluate the removal efficiencies of FRGs as well as the...
Florfenicol resistance genes (FRGs) are widely present in livestock farms. The aim of this study was to evaluate the removal efficiencies of FRGs as well as the relationships between FRGs, mobile genetic elements (MGEs) and bacterial communities during the natural drying (ND) and anaerobic digestion (AD) processes of manure treatment in swine farms by combining bacterial isolation, quantitative PCR and metagenomic approaches. Solid manure showed a higher abundance of FRGs than fresh manure and was the main contamination source of fexA and fexB in ND farms, whilst biogas slurry displayed a lower abundance of FRGs than the wastewater in AD farms. Moreover, fresh manure and wastewater showed a high abundance of optrA, and wastewater was the main contamination source of cfr in both ND and AD farms. Both optrA/fexA-positive enterococci and cfr/fexA-positive staphylococci were mainly isolated along the farms' treatment processes. The cfr-positive staphylococci were highly prevalent in wastewater (57.14 % - 100 %) and may be associated with nasal-derived cfr-positive porcine staphylococci. An increased abundance of Enterococcus, Jeotgalibaca and Vagococcus in the bacterial community structures may account for the high optrA abundance in wastewater and Jeotgalibaca may be another potential host of optrA. Furthermore, the abundance of FRG-related MGEs increased by 22.63 % after the ND process and decreased by 66.96 % in AD farms. A significant correlation was observed between cfr and ISEnfa4, whereas no significance was found between optrA and IS1216E, although IS1216E is the predominant insertion sequence involved in the transfer of optrA. In conclusion, manure and wastewater represented independent pollution sources of FRGs in swine farms. Associated MGEs might play a key role in the transfer and persistence of FRGs. The AD process was more efficient in the removal of FRGs than the ND method, nevertheless a longer storage of slurry may be required for a complete removal.
Topics: Animals; Thiamphenicol; Swine; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Drug Resistance, Bacterial; Manure; Wastewater; Waste Disposal, Fluid; Animal Husbandry; Genes, Bacterial; Bacteria
PubMed: 38821272
DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.173645 -
Scientific Reports Mar 2024The study addressed a significant gap in the profiling and understanding of the gut microbiota's influence on Malaysian Malay women with gestational diabetes mellitus...
The study addressed a significant gap in the profiling and understanding of the gut microbiota's influence on Malaysian Malay women with gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM). This prospective cohort study aimed to explore the intricate relationship between gut microbiota, dietary choices, and lifestyle factors among Malay women, both with and without GDM. The research specifically focused on participants during the second (T0) and third (T1) trimesters of pregnancy in Johor Bahru, Malaysia. In Part 1 of the study, a diverse pool of pregnant women at T0 was categorized into two groups: those diagnosed with GDM and those without GDM, with a total sample size of 105 individuals. The assessments encompassed demographic, clinical, lifestyle, and dietary factors at the T0 and T1 trimesters. Part 2 of the study delved into microbiome analysis, targeting a better understanding of the gut microbiota among the participants. Stool samples were randomly collected from 50% of the individuals in each group (GDM and non-GDM) at T0 and T1. The collected samples underwent processing, and 16s rRNA metagenomic analysis was employed to study the microbial composition. The results suggested an association between elevated body weight and glucose levels, poor sleep quality, lack of physical activity, greater intake of iron and meat, and reduced fruit consumption among women with GDM compared to non-GDM groups. The microbiome analysis revealed changes in microbial composition over time, with reduced diversity observed in the GDM group during the third trimester. The genera Lactiplantibacillus, Parvibacter, Prevotellaceae UCG001, and Vagococcus positively correlated with physical activity levels in GDM women in the second trimester. Similarly, the genus Victivallis exhibited a strong positive correlation with gravida and parity. On the contrary, the genus Bacteroides and Roseburia showed a negative correlation with omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) in women without GDM in the third trimester. The study highlighted the multifaceted nature of GDM, involving a combination of lifestyle factors, dietary choices, and changes in gut microbiota composition. The findings emphasized the importance of considering these interconnected elements in understanding and managing gestational diabetes among Malaysian Malay women. Further exploration is essential to comprehend the mechanisms underlying this relationship and develop targeted interventions for effective GDM management.
Topics: Pregnancy; Humans; Female; Diabetes, Gestational; Gastrointestinal Microbiome; Prospective Studies; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; Diet; Life Style
PubMed: 38519592
DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-57627-5 -
Foods (Basel, Switzerland) Sep 2022-fermented red mold rice (RMR) has excellent physiological efficacy on lipid metabolism and liver function. This study investigated the ameliorative effects of...
-fermented red mold rice (RMR) has excellent physiological efficacy on lipid metabolism and liver function. This study investigated the ameliorative effects of monascuspiloin (MP) from RMR on alcoholic liver injury in mice, and further clarified its mechanism of action. Results showed that MP intervention obviously ameliorated lipid metabolism and liver function in mice with over-drinking. In addition, dietary MP intervention reduced liver MDA levels and increased liver CAT, SOD, and GSH levels, thus alleviating liver oxidative stress induced by excessive drinking. 16S rRNA amplicon sequencing showed that MP intervention was beneficial to ameliorate intestinal microbiota dysbiosis by elevating the proportion of norank_f_, , , , , etc., but decreasing the proportion of , norank_f_, _UCG-001, , norank_f_, unclassified_f_, etc. Additionally, correlation network analysis indicated that the key intestinal bacterial taxa intervened by MP were closely related to some biochemical parameters of lipid metabolism, liver function, and oxidative stress. Moreover, liver metabolomics analysis revealed that dietary MP supplementation significantly regulated the levels of 75 metabolites in the liver, which were involved in the synthesis and degradation of ketone bodies, taurine, and hypotaurine metabolism, and other metabolic pathways. Furthermore, dietary MP intervention regulated gene transcription and protein expression associated with hepatic lipid metabolism and oxidative stress. In short, these findings suggest that MP mitigates alcohol-induced liver injury by regulating the intestinal microbiome and liver metabolic pathway, and thus can serve as a functional component to prevent liver disease.
PubMed: 36230124
DOI: 10.3390/foods11193048 -
Proceedings of the National Academy of... Jun 2021While it is well recognized that the environmental resistome is global, diverse, and augmented by human activities, it has been difficult to assess risk because of the...
While it is well recognized that the environmental resistome is global, diverse, and augmented by human activities, it has been difficult to assess risk because of the inability to culture many environmental organisms, and it is difficult to evaluate risk from current sequence-based environmental methods. The four most important criteria to determine risk are whether the antibiotic-resistance genes (ARGs) are a complete, potentially functional complement; if they are linked with other resistances; whether they are mobile; and the identity of their host. Long-read sequencing fills this important gap between culture and short sequence-based methods. To address these criteria, we collected feces from a ceftiofur-treated cow, enriched the samples in the presence of antibiotics to favor ARG functionality, and sequenced long reads using Nanopore and PacBio technologies. Multidrug-resistance genes comprised 58% of resistome abundance, but only 0.8% of them were plasmid associated; fluroquinolone-, aminoglycoside-, macrolide-lincosamide-streptogramin (MLS)-, and β-lactam-resistance genes accounted for 2.7 to 12.3% of resistome abundance but with 19 to 78% located on plasmids. A variety of plasmid types were assembled, some of which share low similarity to plasmids in current databases. Enterobacteriaceae were dominant hosts of antibiotic-resistant plasmids; physical linkage of extended-spectrum β-lactamase genes (, , , and ) was largely found with aminoglycoside-, MLS-, tetracycline-, trimethoprim-, phenicol-, sulfonamide-, and mercury-resistance genes. A draft circular chromosome of was assembled; it carries MLS-, tetracycline- (including and on an integrative conjugative element), and trimethoprim-resistance genes flanked by many transposase genes and insertion sequences, implying that they remain transferrable.
Topics: Animals; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Base Sequence; Cattle; Drug Resistance, Microbial; Environmental Microbiology; Feces; Gene Regulatory Networks; Genes, Bacterial; Genetic Linkage; Genetic Variation; Host Specificity; Microbiota; Phylogeny; Plasmids; Sequence Analysis, DNA
PubMed: 34161269
DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2024464118 -
International Journal of Medical... 2019: Accumulating evidence has shown that neuropsychiatric disorders are associated with gut microbiota through the gut-brain axis. However, the effects of antidepressant...
: Accumulating evidence has shown that neuropsychiatric disorders are associated with gut microbiota through the gut-brain axis. However, the effects of antidepressant treatment on gut microbiota are rarely studied. Here, we investigated whether stress led to gut microbiota changes and whether fluoxetine plays a role in microbiota alteration. : We investigated changes in gut microbiota in a depression model induced by chronic unpredicted mild stress (CUMS) and a restoration model by applying the classic antidepressant drug fluoxetine. : We found that stress led to low bacterial diversity, simpler bacterial network, and increased abundance of pathogens, such as , and conditional pathogens, such as , , and However, these changes were attenuated by fluoxetine directly and indirectly. Furthermore, the correlation analysis indicated strong correlations between gut microbiota and anxiety- and depression-like behaviors. : This study revealed that fluoxetine led to restoration of dysbiosis induced by stress stimulation, which may imply a possible pathway through which one CNS target drug plays its role in reshaping the gut microbiota.
Topics: Animals; Antidepressive Agents, Second-Generation; Anxiety; Depressive Disorder; Disease Models, Animal; Dysbiosis; Fluoxetine; Gastrointestinal Microbiome; Male; Mice, Inbred C57BL; Stress, Psychological
PubMed: 31588192
DOI: 10.7150/ijms.37322 -
Microorganisms Nov 2023Microbial communities can undergo significant successional changes during decay and decomposition, potentially providing valuable insights for determining the postmortem...
Microbial communities can undergo significant successional changes during decay and decomposition, potentially providing valuable insights for determining the postmortem interval (PMI). The microbiota produce various gases that cause cadaver bloating, and rupture releases nutrient-rich bodily fluids into the environment, altering the soil microbiota around the carcasses. In this study, we aimed to investigate the underlying principles governing the succession of microbial communities during the decomposition of pig carcasses and the soil beneath the carcasses. At early decay, the phylum and were the most abundant in both the winter and summer pig rectum. However, became the most abundant in the winter pig rectum in late decay. Using genus as a biomarker to estimate the PMI could get the MAE from 1.375 days to 2.478 days based on the RF model. The abundance of bacterial communities showed a decreasing trend with prolonged decomposition time. There were statistically significant differences in microbial diversity in the two periods (pre-rupture and post-rupture) of the four groups (WPG 0-8Dvs. WPG 16-40D, < 0.0001; WPS 0-16Dvs. WPS 24-40D, = 0.003; SPG 0D vs. SPG 8-40D, = 0.0005; and SPS 0D vs. SPS 8-40D, = 0.0208). Most of the biomarkers in the pre-rupture period belong to obligate anaerobes. In contrast, the biomarkers in the post-rupture period belong to aerobic bacteria. Furthermore, the genus shows a similar increase trend, whether in winter or summer. Together, these results suggest that microbial succession was predictable and can be developed into a forensic tool for estimating the PMI.
PubMed: 38004822
DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms11112811 -
Microorganisms Oct 2021Lactic acid bacteria (LAB) are probiotic candidates that may restore the balance of microbiota populations in intestinal microbial ecosystems by controlling pathogens...
Lactic acid bacteria (LAB) are probiotic candidates that may restore the balance of microbiota populations in intestinal microbial ecosystems by controlling pathogens and thereby promoting host health. The goal of this study was to isolate potential probiotic LAB strains and characterize their antimicrobial abilities against pathogens in intestinal microbiota. Among 54 LAB strains isolated from fermented products, five LAB strains (NSMJ15, NSMJ16, NSMJ23, NSMJ42, and NFFJ04) were selected as potential probiotic candidates based on in vitro assays of acid and bile salt tolerance, cell surface hydrophobicity, adhesion to the intestinal epithelium, and antagonistic activity. Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA genes showed that they have high similarities of 99.58-100% to strains NSMJ15 and NFFJ04, NSMJ16, NSMJ23, and NSMJ42. To characterize their antimicrobial abilities against pathogens in intestinal microbiota, the impact of cell-free supernatant (CFS) treatment in 10% (/) fecal suspensions prepared using pooled cattle feces was investigated using in vitro batch cultures. Bacterial community analysis using rRNA amplicon sequencing for control and CFS-treated fecal samples at 8 and 16 h incubation showed the compositional change after CFS treatment for all five LAB strains. The changed compositions were similar among them, but there were few variable increases or decreases in some bacterial groups. Interestingly, as major genera that could exhibit pathogenicity and antibiotic resistance, the members of , , , , and were decreased at 16 h in all CFS-treated samples. Species-level classification suggested that the five LAB strains are antagonistic to gut pathogens. This study showed the probiotic potential of the five selected LAB strains; in particular, their antimicrobial properties against pathogens present in the intestinal microbiota. These strains would therefore seem to play an important role in modulating the intestinal microbiome of the host.
PubMed: 34683462
DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms9102141