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International Journal of Occupational... Dec 2020This article reviews 60 studies examining safety climates related to manufacturing. The study identifies several conceptual and methodological limitations associated... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis Review
This article reviews 60 studies examining safety climates related to manufacturing. The study identifies several conceptual and methodological limitations associated with developing safety climate measurements, such as lack of a rigorous validation process, problematic sample sizes and composition. Within the reviewed studies, several factors were used to measure safety climates. Management commitment to safety and associated training and procedures were most common, followed by workers' attitudes and commitment. The most frequently used factors should reflect the fact that prevention of work-related accidents and injuries depends on both the organization's and workers' actions. Most studies made no attempt to establish discriminate and convergent validities of the tools used. We recommend that rather than construct more questionnaires, researchers should correlate safety climate constructs with existing safety performance metrics to establish convergent and discriminate validities. The accident rate in manufacturing industries is sufficient to measure safety performance and assess the discriminate validity of these tools.
Topics: Attitude; Commerce; Humans; Manufacturing Industry; Organizational Culture; Safety; Safety Management; Surveys and Questionnaires
PubMed: 29856289
DOI: 10.1080/10803548.2018.1476203 -
Journal of Education and Health... 2021Ancient history mentions the dominance of men in nursing; however, now nursing has a feminine image, and globally more than 90% of nursing workforce is females....
BACKGROUND
Ancient history mentions the dominance of men in nursing; however, now nursing has a feminine image, and globally more than 90% of nursing workforce is females. Recently, more number of males are attracted to nursing, but there is a paucity of literature on the attitude of people about men in nursing may be because of a lack of measurement scales available for this purpose. The aim of this study was to develop and validate a new scale measuring attitude of people toward men in nursing.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
The present study was conducted at a tertiary care hospital and used an exploratory sequential design with an instrument development model. A total of 400 participants were selected using the simple random sampling technique. The reliability, content validity, face validity, and construct validity of this newly developed scale were computed. For data analyses SPSS AMOS version 23 was used for performing exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses.
RESULTS
The new scale "AMnQ" consists of 15 items under three factors: (I) nursing is feministic and professionally low, (II) higher suitability of male nurses in technical and challenging situations, and (III) synonymy of empathy and care with a female. The final model with 15 items of AMnQ scale was validated by confirmatory factor analysis and showed a good fit to data. The Cronbach's α for the overall scale was 0.87, and for Factors I, II, and III, it was 0.80, 0.88, and 0.89, respectively.
CONCLUSIONS
The "AMnQ" is a valid, reliable scale to assess the attitude of patients, nurses, physicians, and nursing students toward men in nursing. There is an assumption that nursing is a feminine profession; therefore, a valid and reliable scale to measure the attitude of people toward men in nursing will help to generate pieces of evidence on this subject, so that policymakers can make unbiased decisions on liberalizing entry of men in nursing.
PubMed: 34084801
DOI: 10.4103/jehp.jehp_530_20 -
Disability and Rehabilitation Aug 2023The aim of this study was to adapt the Upper Extremity Functional Index (UEFI) to an Italian population affected by Facioscapulohumeral muscular dystrophy (FSHD) by...
PURPOSE
The aim of this study was to adapt the Upper Extremity Functional Index (UEFI) to an Italian population affected by Facioscapulohumeral muscular dystrophy (FSHD) by translating and validating this instrument in an Italian cohort.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
Five Italian FSHD patients were interviewed regarding the form and content of the translated instrument. Subsequently, fifty-two patients were recruited for the validation purpose by serially completing the UEFI-IT and a battery of clinical assessments and questionnaires. Finally, a subset of thirty-nine patients underwent test-retest reliability.
RESULTS
The Italian translation of the UEFI was highly relevant to patients, had a level of test-retest reliability from "good" to "excellent" (ICC = 0.90 with 95% confidence interval between 0.82 and 0.95), and a satisfactory internal consistency (Cronbach's alpha = 0.96). Participants confirmed the usefulness and clearness of the tool in cultural validity. In known group validity, the UEFI-IT was significantly lower in patients unable to walk (24.10 ± 11.33 vs 55.71 ± 13.98, < .0001; AUC = 0.9631) and in patients with longer disease duration (43.43 ± 17.16 vs 58.14 ± 13.71, = 0.0034; AUC = 0.7359). Finally, the concurrent validity showed strong associations between the UEFI-IT and motor assessments, pain perception, and quality-of-life evaluations.
CONCLUSIONS
Overall, the UEFI-IT is an appropriate, valid, and reliable outcome measure for Italian-speaking FSHD patients.
PubMed: 37578105
DOI: 10.1080/09638288.2023.2245749 -
Revista Brasileira de Enfermagem 2021to describe the process of validating a multimedia application on a mobile platform to promote foot care for people with diabetes.
OBJECTIVE
to describe the process of validating a multimedia application on a mobile platform to promote foot care for people with diabetes.
METHOD
a technological production and methodological type study. Content and appearance were validated by 39 judges (29 nursing judges and ten information and communication technology judges and 15 people from the target audience).
RESULTS
nursing judges made it possible to validate the material with a total Content Validity Index of 0.95, a non-significant binomial test for most items and Cronbach's alpha of 0.92, information and communication technology judges with Suitability Assessment of Materials of 99.2% and the target audience with an agreement index of 98%.
CONCLUSION
the application proved to be valid and reliable for use in clinical practice as an educational technology to promote foot care for people with diabetes.
Topics: Diabetes Mellitus; Diabetic Foot; Educational Technology; Humans; Mobile Applications; Self Care; Surveys and Questionnaires
PubMed: 34037135
DOI: 10.1590/0034-7167-2020-0856 -
Journal of Nursing Measurement Dec 2023To adapt and validate the Brazilian Scale of Moral Distress in Nurses for the mental health field. A cross-sectional methodological study was carried out, adapted with...
To adapt and validate the Brazilian Scale of Moral Distress in Nurses for the mental health field. A cross-sectional methodological study was carried out, adapted with the contribution of 34 specialists, and validated by 173 mental health nurses. The validated scale consists of 37 items divided into seven factors, and they were responsible for 77.2% of variance-working conditions, advocacy for the values and rights, professional safety and autonomy, ethical violations, social conflicts, ethical-professional competence, and conflicts with the management, with Cronbach's alpha at .972 for the entire instrument, and ranging from .852 to .949 for the constructs. The results provide evidence that the adapted instrument is reliable, valid, and consistent in measuring moral distress in mental health nurses.
PubMed: 38164623
DOI: 10.1891/JNM-2023-0016 -
Annales de Chirurgie Plastique Et... Apr 2021Simulation models are increasingly important for skill acquisition during microsurgery training. Prosthetics, living and non-living biological models have been proposed...
BACKGROUND
Simulation models are increasingly important for skill acquisition during microsurgery training. Prosthetics, living and non-living biological models have been proposed in the literature in the optics of recreating real-life scenarios in a controlled environment. This study aims to validate and prove the reusability of a novel non-living biological model: the porcine placenta.
METHODS
A prospective comparative study was carried out to assess face and content validities of the proposed model, as well as the reusability and quality of the Thiel-embalming method. Participants were asked answer a questionnaire for each anastomosis they performed on porcine placental vessels of ≤2mm (small) and 2-4mm (large). Scores were classified according to different subgroups, either small or large vessels and first or second sessions. Reliability analysis of the questionnaire was carried out using Cronbach's α, to ensure an α>0.7. Median scores for each question were analyzed using boxplots and compared amongst each subgroup using a non-parametric independent Mann-Whitney U test.
RESULTS
With nine participants, the Cronbach's α for each category of question was 0.867, 0.778, 0.720 and 0.593. Statistical differences were found between responses of small and large vessels on 5/10 questions, where large vessels reported higher validity. No statistical differences were found between scores of the first and second sessions.
CONCLUSION
By evaluating face and content validity, the Thiel-embalmed porcine placenta has proven its suitability as a microsurgery model, especially for vessels of larger caliber. Qualities that distinguish this model is its reliable reusability, its low cost-effectiveness, and its ethical acceptability.
Topics: Animals; Cadaver; Embalming; Female; Humans; Placenta; Pregnancy; Prospective Studies; Reproducibility of Results; Swine
PubMed: 33388177
DOI: 10.1016/j.anplas.2020.12.001 -
European Journal of Pain (London,... Mar 2021Previous studies have shown that not only pain intensity but also impairment of quality of life and functionality are important parameters for the evaluation of...
BACKGROUND
Previous studies have shown that not only pain intensity but also impairment of quality of life and functionality are important parameters for the evaluation of treatment of chronic low back pain patients. The aim of the study was to validate a specific self-questionnaire for symptom assessment and their influence on quality of life and functionality of chronic low back pain patients (Questionnaire for Symptom Assessment in Pain disorders for back pain patients, Q-SAP).
METHODS
The self-questionnaire consists of two parts (for back and if applicable leg symptoms) and was tested in 152 chronic low back pain patients with and without radiculopathy. Test-retest reliability, exploratory factor analysis, convergent validity, criterion-related validity and the sensitivity to detect patient reported changes were investigated.
RESULTS
The questionnaire showed a good to excellent test-retest reliability. In the factor analysis nociceptive and neuropathic pain components could be separated and the highest convergent validities were shown for the painDETECT, EQ-5D-3L and the FFbH-R. The criterion-related validity showed concordance of QST and the Q-SAP Back for warmth induced pain and numbness. Regarding the sensitivity to patient-reported changes, a moderate correlation was found for both parts of the questionnaire.
CONCLUSIONS
The Q-SAP was tested as a useful, valid and reliable tool. This new questionnaire records classical nociceptive and neuropathic pain symptoms of chronic low back pain patients depending on their local distribution. Furthermore, the questionnaire records the intensity of these symptoms and their influence on quality of life and functionality and can be used for the evaluation of treatment.
SIGNIFICANCE
The Q-SAP Back/Leg is a new self-questionnaire for CLBP patients with or without radiating leg pain that precisely assesses neuropathic and nociceptive symptoms. In contrast to other questionnaires, the Q-SAP Back/Leg evaluates not only symptom intensities but also their impact on the patient's quality of life and functionality. Furthermore, this questionnaire requests the symptoms depending on their anatomical distribution.
Topics: Humans; Low Back Pain; Quality of Life; Reproducibility of Results; Surveys and Questionnaires; Symptom Assessment
PubMed: 33131154
DOI: 10.1002/ejp.1690 -
Drug and Alcohol Dependence May 2022DSM-5 tobacco use disorder (TUD) nosology differs from DSM-IV nicotine dependence (ND) by including craving and DSM-IV abuse criteria, a lower threshold (≥ 2...
BACKGROUND
DSM-5 tobacco use disorder (TUD) nosology differs from DSM-IV nicotine dependence (ND) by including craving and DSM-IV abuse criteria, a lower threshold (≥ 2 criteria), and severity levels (mild; moderate; severe). We assessed concurrent and prospective validity of the DSM-5 TUD diagnosis and severity and compared validity with DSM-IV ND diagnosis.
METHODS
The sample included U.S. adults with current problematic substance use and past year cigarette smoking (N = 396). Baseline assessment collected information on DSM-IV ND and DSM-5 TUD criteria, smoking-related variables, and psychopathology. Over the following 90 days, electronic daily assessments queried smoking and cigarette craving. Variables expected to be related to TUD were validators: cigarette consumption, cigarette craving scale, Fagerström Test for Nicotine Dependence, and psychiatric disorders. Regression models estimated the association of each validator with DSM-5 TUD and severity levels, and differential association between DSM-5 TUD and DSM-IV ND diagnoses.
RESULTS
DSM-5 TUD and DSM-IV ND were associated with most baseline validators (p-values < 0.05), with significantly stronger associations with DSM-5 TUD for number of days smoked (p = 0.023) and cigarette craving scale (p = 0.007). Baseline DSM-5 TUD and DSM-IV ND predicted smoking and craving on any given day during follow-up, with stronger associations for DSM-5 TUD (association difference [95% CI%]: any smoking, 0.53 [0.27, 0.77]; number of cigarettes smoked, 1.36 [0.89, 1.78]; craving scale, 0.19 [0.09, 0.28]). Validators were associated with TUD severity in a dose-dependent manner.
CONCLUSION
DSM-5 TUD diagnostic measures as operationalized here demonstrated concurrent and prospective validity. Inclusion of new criteria, particularly craving, improved validity and clinical relevance.
Topics: Adult; Craving; Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders; Humans; Prospective Studies; Substance-Related Disorders; Tobacco Use Disorder
PubMed: 35338898
DOI: 10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2022.109411 -
The Cochrane Database of Systematic... Sep 2023Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic inflammatory disease of the central nervous system that affects millions of people worldwide. The disease course varies greatly... (Review)
Review
BACKGROUND
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic inflammatory disease of the central nervous system that affects millions of people worldwide. The disease course varies greatly across individuals and many disease-modifying treatments with different safety and efficacy profiles have been developed recently. Prognostic models evaluated and shown to be valid in different settings have the potential to support people with MS and their physicians during the decision-making process for treatment or disease/life management, allow stratified and more precise interpretation of interventional trials, and provide insights into disease mechanisms. Many researchers have turned to prognostic models to help predict clinical outcomes in people with MS; however, to our knowledge, no widely accepted prognostic model for MS is being used in clinical practice yet.
OBJECTIVES
To identify and summarise multivariable prognostic models, and their validation studies for quantifying the risk of clinical disease progression, worsening, and activity in adults with MS.
SEARCH METHODS
We searched MEDLINE, Embase, and the Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews from January 1996 until July 2021. We also screened the reference lists of included studies and relevant reviews, and references citing the included studies.
SELECTION CRITERIA
We included all statistically developed multivariable prognostic models aiming to predict clinical disease progression, worsening, and activity, as measured by disability, relapse, conversion to definite MS, conversion to progressive MS, or a composite of these in adult individuals with MS. We also included any studies evaluating the performance of (i.e. validating) these models. There were no restrictions based on language, data source, timing of prognostication, or timing of outcome.
DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS
Pairs of review authors independently screened titles/abstracts and full texts, extracted data using a piloted form based on the Checklist for Critical Appraisal and Data Extraction for Systematic Reviews of Prediction Modelling Studies (CHARMS), assessed risk of bias using the Prediction Model Risk Of Bias Assessment Tool (PROBAST), and assessed reporting deficiencies based on the checklist items in Transparent Reporting of a Multivariable Prediction Model for Individual Prognosis or Diagnosis (TRIPOD). The characteristics of the included models and their validations are described narratively. We planned to meta-analyse the discrimination and calibration of models with at least three external validations outside the model development study but no model met this criterion. We summarised between-study heterogeneity narratively but again could not perform the planned meta-regression.
MAIN RESULTS
We included 57 studies, from which we identified 75 model developments, 15 external validations corresponding to only 12 (16%) of the models, and six author-reported validations. Only two models were externally validated multiple times. None of the identified external validations were performed by researchers independent of those that developed the model. The outcome was related to disease progression in 39 (41%), relapses in 8 (8%), conversion to definite MS in 17 (18%), and conversion to progressive MS in 27 (28%) of the 96 models or validations. The disease and treatment-related characteristics of included participants, and definitions of considered predictors and outcome, were highly heterogeneous amongst the studies. Based on the publication year, we observed an increase in the percent of participants on treatment, diversification of the diagnostic criteria used, an increase in consideration of biomarkers or treatment as predictors, and increased use of machine learning methods over time. Usability and reproducibility All identified models contained at least one predictor requiring the skills of a medical specialist for measurement or assessment. Most of the models (44; 59%) contained predictors that require specialist equipment likely to be absent from primary care or standard hospital settings. Over half (52%) of the developed models were not accompanied by model coefficients, tools, or instructions, which hinders their application, independent validation or reproduction. The data used in model developments were made publicly available or reported to be available on request only in a few studies (two and six, respectively). Risk of bias We rated all but one of the model developments or validations as having high overall risk of bias. The main reason for this was the statistical methods used for the development or evaluation of prognostic models; we rated all but two of the included model developments or validations as having high risk of bias in the analysis domain. None of the model developments that were externally validated or these models' external validations had low risk of bias. There were concerns related to applicability of the models to our research question in over one-third (38%) of the models or their validations. Reporting deficiencies Reporting was poor overall and there was no observable increase in the quality of reporting over time. The items that were unclearly reported or not reported at all for most of the included models or validations were related to sample size justification, blinding of outcome assessors, details of the full model or how to obtain predictions from it, amount of missing data, and treatments received by the participants. Reporting of preferred model performance measures of discrimination and calibration was suboptimal.
AUTHORS' CONCLUSIONS
The current evidence is not sufficient for recommending the use of any of the published prognostic prediction models for people with MS in clinical routine today due to lack of independent external validations. The MS prognostic research community should adhere to the current reporting and methodological guidelines and conduct many more state-of-the-art external validation studies for the existing or newly developed models.
Topics: Adult; Humans; Prognosis; Multiple Sclerosis; Reproducibility of Results; Systematic Reviews as Topic; Disease Progression
PubMed: 37681561
DOI: 10.1002/14651858.CD013606.pub2 -
International Journal of Environmental... Jul 2022Public open spaces (POS) are "publicly owned spaces such as parks, green areas, squares, marketplaces, streets and highways which are of public access". Some attributes...
Public open spaces (POS) are "publicly owned spaces such as parks, green areas, squares, marketplaces, streets and highways which are of public access". Some attributes could increase or decrease participants' attendance. Thus, reliable and valid audit tools are needed in order to measure these attributes. This study aimed to develop and validate a tool to assess POS features within the Mexico City context. The Mexican Public Open Spaces Tool (MexPOS) was developed based on (1) two validated POS audit tools, (2) several visits to the POS, (3) pilot testing, and (4) multiple work sessions with a group of specialists. The original tool included 181 items divided into nine sections. Trained personnel visited and evaluated 944 POS in Mexico City. An exploratory factor analysis was performed to examine the construct validity of the items and the relationship between the subscales. The final model resulted in seven factors: (1) Food and Wellness Environment (α = 0.15), (2) Maintenance (α = 0.81), (3) Amenities (α = 0.72), (4) Legibility (α = 0.59), (5) Security (α = 0.48), (6) Perceived Environment (α = 0.65), and (7) Urban Environment (α = 0.58). Our study highlights the relevance of using a validated tool to measure POS characteristics related to participants' attendance to help assess infrastructure improvements and identify priority areas for changing socio-urban environments for physical activity.
Topics: Cities; Environment Design; Exercise; Humans; Mexico
PubMed: 35805857
DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19138198