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American Journal of Speech-language... Jul 2019Purpose The current article presents data from 2 studies on clinical groups of children referred for speech assessment. The aims of these studies are to validate the...
Purpose The current article presents data from 2 studies on clinical groups of children referred for speech assessment. The aims of these studies are to validate the Computer Articulation Instrument (CAI) with the known-group validation method and to determine the differential diagnostic power of the resulting speech profiles. Method Study 1 examined known-group validity by comparing the scores of 93 children diagnosed with speech-language difficulties on the picture naming (PN) task of the CAI with intelligibility judgments given by speech-language pathologists. In Study 2, the speech profiles of 41 children diagnosed with speech sound disorders (SSDs), consisting of 4-6 factor scores extracted from the 4 tasks of the CAI, namely, PN, nonword imitation (NWI), word and nonword repetition, and maximum repetition rate (MRR), were validated against clinical judgments of severity of the SSD given by speech-language pathologists. Results In Study 1, a repeated-measures analysis of variance revealed a significant effect of intelligibility level on the PN performance of the CAI and there were highly significant correlations between intelligibility and PN performance in the expected direction. Neither intelligibility level nor PN performance was related to nonverbal intelligence and language scores. The analysis of variance and a series of t tests in Study 2 revealed significant differences between the moderate and severe groups for the CAI factors based on PN and NWI and the bisyllabic and trisyllabic sequences of MRR, but not for the factor word and nonword proportion of whole-word variability based on word and nonword repetition, and the monosyllabic sequences of MRR. These results suggest that, especially, the tasks PN, NWI, and the bisyllabic and trisyllabic sequences of MRR are most sensitive for diagnosing SSDs. Conclusions The findings of these 2 studies support the known-group validity of the CAI. Together with the results of a previous study of our group on reliability and validity ( van Haaften et al., 2019 ), we can conclude that the CAI is a reliable and valid tool for assessment of children with SSDs.
Topics: Child; Child, Preschool; Female; Humans; Male; Reproducibility of Results; Severity of Illness Index; Speech Intelligibility; Speech Production Measurement; Speech Sound Disorder; Word Association Tests
PubMed: 31306602
DOI: 10.1044/2018_AJSLP-MSC18-18-0112 -
World Development Apr 2023Sustainable Development Goal 6 aims to ensure access to water and sanitation for all, and target 6.2 emphasizes "paying special attention to the needs of women and...
The Agency, Resources, and Institutional Structures for Sanitation-related Empowerment (ARISE) Scales: Development and validation of measures of women's empowerment in urban sanitation for low- and middle-income countries.
Sustainable Development Goal 6 aims to ensure access to water and sanitation for all, and target 6.2 emphasizes "paying special attention to the needs of women and girls". Research documenting how water, sanitation and hygiene (WASH) conditions impact women's and girls' lives is growing. However, no rigorously validated survey instruments exist for measuring empowerment within the WASH sector. The objective of our study was to develop and validate survey instruments to measure sub-domains of women's empowerment in relation to sanitation in urban areas of low- and middle-income countries. We followed a multi-phased, theory-informed approach that included factor analysis and item response theory methods, as well as reliability and validity testing, to analyze cross-sectional data collected from women in two cities: Tiruchirappalli, India (N = 996) and Kampala, Uganda (N = 1,024). Through rigorous evaluation of conceptually grounded question (item) sets, we identify a set of valid, comprehensive scales. The Agency, Resources, and Institutional Structures for Sanitation-related Empowerment (ARISE) scales represent 16 sub-domains of sanitation-related empowerment, each of which can be used alone or in combination with others, as needed. The ARISE scales are the only set of psychometrically validated metrics for the measurement of women's empowerment in WASH. In addition to the scales, we provide six indices to assess women's direct experiences with sub-domains of sanitation-related empowerment, as well as validated item sets related to menstruation, which are available as optional add-on measures for those who menstruate. The ARISE scales and associated survey modules respond to an established need for an increased focus on empowerment in WASH. We provide researchers and implementers with tools to measure sub-constructs of empowerment in a valid and reliable way, to generate data for better targeting, design, implementation, and evaluation of strategies to improve women's empowerment in the context of urban sanitation at the program and policy level.
PubMed: 37013085
DOI: 10.1016/j.worlddev.2023.106183 -
Health Expectations : An International... Dec 2023Health literacy (HL) about healthy cognitive aging is essential in preventing cognitive decline and promoting cognitive well-being. It is important that one such HL...
OBJECTIVES
Health literacy (HL) about healthy cognitive aging is essential in preventing cognitive decline and promoting cognitive well-being. It is important that one such HL module should be scientifically designed, delivered in a technically sound manner to the audience, and specific to the context. The present study thus aimed at developing and validating educational multimedia about cognitive health.
METHODS
The study followed a methodological framework and was carried out across three phases, that is, identification of themes, development and validation of educational script and design, and validation of educational multimedia. The module was scripted based on the Integrated HL framework and the recommendations made during the modified nominal group technique among the research team. Seven speech-language pathologists (SLPs), with expertise in the field of cognitive sciences, and 15 representatives of the general public validated the module using the Educational Content Validation Instrument in Health and the Patient Education Materials Assessment Tool for Audiovisual Materials questionnaire.
RESULTS
The scientific content of the educational script received satisfactory agreements among the experts (content validity index [CVI]: 0.93) and representatives of the general public (CVI: 0.86). The technical aspects of the educational multimedia were rated to have high understandability (experts: 92.8%; representatives of general public: 98.8%) and actionability (experts and representatives of general public 100%).
CONCLUSION
Overall, the developed educational multimedia scored optimally with respect to the objective, structure, relevance of the content, actionability and understandability of the multimedia. The developed module holds the potential to be used at community and national level health educational programs or awareness campaigns to enhance public knowledge and beliefs pertaining to cognitive health.
PATIENT OR PUBLIC CONTRIBUTION
SLPs with expertise in the field of cognitive science and representatives from the general public were included to validate and obtain feedback on the developed educational multimedia.
Topics: Humans; Multimedia; Health Literacy; Cognitive Aging; Educational Status; Surveys and Questionnaires
PubMed: 37635370
DOI: 10.1111/hex.13857 -
The Spanish Journal of Psychology Jun 2020Self-consciousness development takes place mainly in adolescence because the brain undergoes certain structural changes that facilitate abstract thinking and...
Self-consciousness development takes place mainly in adolescence because the brain undergoes certain structural changes that facilitate abstract thinking and metacognition, thus favoring the development of identity. Despite the importance of self-consciousness for mental health, there are no specific measurement instruments for Spanish adolescents. The objective of this study was to explore the dimensions of self-consciousness among Spanish adolescents aged between 13 and 18 years and validate the Chinese Adolescent Self-Consciousness Questionnaire (ASC) in this population. A second-order confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) was conducted in accordance with previous validations of the ASC, using R Studio and the Lavaan package, to test its adequacy in a Spanish sample. Internal consistency and temporal stability were also tested, and evidence of validity was found. The results showed a good fit to the model eliminating four items with poor fit indices, CFI = .90, TLI = .89, RMSEA = .078, 95% CI [.076, .080]. Higher self-consciousness was associated with greater self-esteem and lower depressive symptomatology. No significant gender differences were found. This study provides a valid measure to evaluate self-consciousness in Spanish adolescents. The relationship established between self-consciousness and anxiety and depression requires further study as self-consciousness is involved in the development and maintenance of adolescent psychopathology.
Topics: Adolescent; Adolescent Development; Anxiety; Awareness; Consciousness; Depression; Female; Humans; Male; Psychometrics; Self Concept; Spain
PubMed: 32600483
DOI: 10.1017/SJP.2020.17 -
Behavioral Sciences (Basel, Switzerland) Jun 2021Recent experimental and theoretical studies have shown that the assessment of students' satisfaction of their basic psychological needs () can be a powerful resource to...
Recent experimental and theoretical studies have shown that the assessment of students' satisfaction of their basic psychological needs () can be a powerful resource to identify different areas to improve their well-being, engagement, or learning achievement in school contexts. However, currently, the number of validated tools to assess the satisfaction of the BPN is very low, hindering informed decision-making strategies at the educational level. The aim of this study was to develop and validate the Basic Psychological Needs in the Classroom Scale (BPN-CS) instrument, adapting existing instruments and putting the new tool to the test. The BPN-CS was developed to measure the level of satisfaction of autonomy, competence, relatedness, and novelty in the classroom. We tested the scale on a representative sample of 1344 Spanish elementary school students from 8 to 13 years old. A series of analyses were run in order to test the internal consistency of the main factors as well as to prove the convergent and divergent validity of the instrument. In summary, the BPN-CS is presented as a reliable and valid self-report instrument to measure basic psychological needs in a classroom context with elementary school pupils in the Spanish context.
PubMed: 34202640
DOI: 10.3390/bs11070096 -
Archives of Gynecology and Obstetrics May 2022The Pelvic Floor Bother Questionnaire (PFBQ) is a self-administered instrument for determining pelvic floor dysfunction (PFD). The PFBQ was validated in English, but...
PURPOSE
The Pelvic Floor Bother Questionnaire (PFBQ) is a self-administered instrument for determining pelvic floor dysfunction (PFD). The PFBQ was validated in English, but lately in other languages. However, a Chinese version has not been established. Thus, we aimed at validating a Chinese PFBQ version.
METHODS
We used a translation-back method to develop a PFBQ Chinese version and validated in 102 women, 51 with at least one PFD symptom participated in the patient group, and 51 without PFD in the control group. Construct validity was assessed by comparing groups and a content validity index (CVI) determined. For test-retest reliability, participants completed the questionnaire twice within 1-week interval and the interclass correlation coefficient (ICC) was determined. Internal consistency was calculated using Cronbach's statistics.
RESULTS
Missing information after applying the translated PFBQ did not exceed 4% of any questions. Total scores between control and PFD women were significantly different (2.94 ± 1.84 vs. 10.29 ± 6.64; P < 0.001). The CVI for all items ranged from 0.800 to 1.000, and a good reliability was corroborated (α = 0.677, ICC = 0.938).
CONCLUSION
The Chinese PFBQ version is a valid and reliable tool to identify the existence and severity of bothersome symptoms in Chinese women with PFD.
Topics: China; Female; Humans; Language; Male; Pelvic Floor; Pelvic Floor Disorders; Quality of Life; Reproducibility of Results; Surveys and Questionnaires
PubMed: 35079874
DOI: 10.1007/s00404-021-06370-7 -
Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing Apr 2022The study aimed to translate the Couple Satisfaction Index (CSI 32) into Korean, to evaluate the reliability and validity of CSI 32 and short-form (CSI 16, 4) in the...
PURPOSE
The study aimed to translate the Couple Satisfaction Index (CSI 32) into Korean, to evaluate the reliability and validity of CSI 32 and short-form (CSI 16, 4) in the Korean context, and to determine a cut-off score for Korean couples.
METHODS
Korean Versions of the Couple Satisfaction Index (K-CSI) 32 was translated, back-translated, and reviewed by five bilingual experts. Confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) was conducted with data from a sample of 218 couples (N = 436) to test construct validity. Validity and reliability were evaluated. The receiver's operating characteristics curve analysis was used to obtain the cut-off score.
RESULTS
The construct validities of K-CSI 32, 16, and 4 were verified using one-factor structures. The results of CFA showed a slightly better fit for K-CSI 16 and 4 than for K-CSI 32. Convergent validity was supported by significant positive correlations of K-CSI with Kansas Marital Satisfaction Scale, Dyadic Adjustment Scale, and Family Relationship Assessment Scale. Moreover, the significant differences in K-CSI between normal and depressive group demonstrated known-group validity. Cut-off scores of 105.5 on K-CSI 32, 50.25 on K-CSI 16, and 13.25 on K-CSI 4 were validated to identify distressed couple relationships.
CONCLUSION
For clinical practice, the reliable and valid K-CSI 32 has the potential to measure changes in couple satisfaction after couple therapy or interventions. Applying K-CSI 32 may facilitate research on couple and family relationships in nursing and contribute to the discussion on the role of couple satisfaction in mental health.
Topics: Factor Analysis, Statistical; Humans; Personal Satisfaction; Psychometrics; Reproducibility of Results; Republic of Korea; Surveys and Questionnaires
PubMed: 35575114
DOI: 10.4040/jkan.21177 -
PloS One 2023The Autism-Spectrum Quotient (AQ) measures the degree of autistic traits in clinical and non-clinical samples and has been validated in various countries and languages....
The Autism-Spectrum Quotient (AQ) measures the degree of autistic traits in clinical and non-clinical samples and has been validated in various countries and languages. However, the AQ has not been validated in Singapore, an Asian country whose population speaks predominantly English. Although previous validation studies have examined the distribution of scores, internal consistency, test-retest reliability and construct, convergent and discriminant validities in Asian countries using translated versions of the AQ and generally shown a suitable structure of the AQ, other studies testing cultural differences of the AQ have provided inconsistent results about whether differences exist in scores between Western and Asian samples. Additionally, while prior literature has consistently documented sex differences in AQ scores, findings about the relationship between personality traits and friendship quality with autistic traits have been mixed. The aim of the current study was to validate the psychometric properties of the original English AQ in a non-clinical Singaporean sample and compare their mean AQ scores to previous Western samples. In this study, psychometric properties of the original English AQ were assessed in 113 Singaporean adults (47M/66F; Mean age = 37.78; SD = 14.52) with no clinical diagnoses. They completed the AQ, the Friendship Questionnaire (FQ) and the short Big Five Inventory, with a subsample completing the AQ twice within three to six months. Results showed that AQ scores were normally distributed and the AQ had satisfactory internal consistency and test-retest reliability and it demonstrated construct, convergent and discriminant validities. Higher AQ scores were related to lower friendship quality and extraversion and higher neuroticism. The mean AQ scores of the Singaporean sample did not differ to that reported in original British sample. Together, present findings showed the original English AQ to be reliable for measuring the degree of autistic traits in a non-clinical Singaporean sample, producing comparable AQ scores and showing the same relationships to other social and personality measures and the same sex differences as has been reported in English samples. This supports the use of the AQ in Singapore for clinical and research purposes and suggests that the measurement of autistic traits in some Asian cultures is comparable to that reported in Western cultures.
Topics: Adult; Female; Humans; Male; Asian People; Autistic Disorder; Language; Reproducibility of Results; Surveys and Questionnaires; Singapore; Young Adult; Middle Aged
PubMed: 37768932
DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0291726 -
Journal of Medical Internet Research Feb 2023There is a wide variation in the quality of information available to patients on the treatment of the diseases afflicting them. To help patients find clear and...
BACKGROUND
There is a wide variation in the quality of information available to patients on the treatment of the diseases afflicting them. To help patients find clear and accessible information, many scales have been designed to evaluate the quality of health information, including the Patient Education Materials Assessment Tool; the Suitability Assessment of Materials for evaluation of health-related information for adults; and DISCERN, an instrument for judging the quality of written consumer health information on treatment choices. These instruments are primarily in English. Few of them have been translated and adapted into simplified Chinese tools for health information assessment in China.
OBJECTIVE
This study aimed to translate and adapt DISCERN into the first simplified Chinese version and validate the psychometric properties of this newly developed scale for judging the quality of patient-oriented health information on treatment choices.
METHODS
First, we translated DISCERN into simplified Chinese using rigorous guidelines for translation and validation studies. We tested the translation equivalence and measured the content validity index. We then presented the simplified Chinese instrument to 3 health educators and asked them to use it to assess the quality of 15 lung cancer-related materials. We calculated the Cohen κ coefficient and Cronbach α for all items and for the entire scale to determine the reliability of the new tool.
RESULTS
We decided on the simplified Chinese version of the DISCERN instrument (C-DISCERN) after resolving all problems in translation, adaptation, and content validation. The C-DISCERN was valid and reliable: the content validity index was 0.98 (47/48, 98% of the items) for clarity and 0.94 (45/48, 94% of the items) for relevance, the Cronbach α for internal consistency was .93 (95% CI 0.699-1.428) for the whole translated scale, and the Cohen κ coefficient for internal consistency was 0.53 (95% CI 0.417-0.698).
CONCLUSIONS
C-DISCERN is the first simplified Chinese version of the DISCERN instrument. Its validity and reliability have been attested to assess the quality of patient-targeted information for treatment choices.
Topics: Adult; Humans; Reproducibility of Results; Translating; Language; Consumer Health Information; Psychometrics; China; Surveys and Questionnaires
PubMed: 36729573
DOI: 10.2196/40733 -
BMJ Open Sport & Exercise Medicine 2020Global navigation satellite systems (GNSS) and local positioning systems (LPS) are to date common tools to measure external training load in athletes. The aim of this... (Review)
Review
BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVE
Global navigation satellite systems (GNSS) and local positioning systems (LPS) are to date common tools to measure external training load in athletes. The aim of this scoping review was to map out and critically appraise the methods used to validate different GNSS and LPS used in team sports.
METHOD
A total of 48 studies met the eligibility criteria and were included in the review. The reference systems applied in the validations, and the parameters investigated were extracted from the studies.
RESULTS
The results show a substantial range of reference systems used to validate GNSS and LPS and a substantial number of investigated parameters. The majority of the validation studies have employed relatively simple field-based research designs, with use of measure tape/known distance as reference measure for distance. Timing gates and radar guns were frequently used as reference system for average and peak speed. Fewer studies have used reference system that allow for validation of instantaneous dynamic position, such as infrared camera-based motion capture systems.
CONCLUSIONS
Because most validation studies use simple and cost-effective reference systems which do not allow to quantify the exact path athletes travel and hence misjudge the true path length and speed, caution should be taken when interpreting the results of validation studies, especially when comparing results between studies. Studies validating instantaneous dynamic position-based measures is warranted, since they may have a wider application and enable comparisons both between studies and over time.
PubMed: 33062300
DOI: 10.1136/bmjsem-2020-000794