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Mechanisms of Ageing and Development Oct 2020Calcium signaling in vascular smooth muscle is crucial for arterial tone regulation and vascular function. Several proteins, including Ca channels, function in an... (Review)
Review
Calcium signaling in vascular smooth muscle is crucial for arterial tone regulation and vascular function. Several proteins, including Ca channels, function in an orchestrated fashion so that blood vessels can sense and respond to physiological stimuli such as changes in intravascular pressure. Activation of the voltage-dependent Ca channel, Cav1.2, leads to Ca influx and consequently arterial tone development and vasoconstriction. Unique among Ca channels, the vascular Cav3.2 T-type channel mediates feedback inhibition of arterial tone-and therefore causes vasodilation-of resistance arteries by virtue of functional association with hyperpolarizing ion channels. During aging, several signaling modalities are altered along with vascular remodeling. There is a growing appreciation of how calcium channel signaling alters with aging and how this may affect vascular function. Here, we discuss key determinants of arterial tone development and the crucial involvement of Ca channels. We next provide an updated view of key changes in Ca channel expression and function during aging and how these affect vascular function. Further, this article synthesizes new questions in light of recent developments. We hope that these questions will outline a roadmap for new research, which, undoubtedly, will unravel a more comprehensive picture of arterial tone dysfunction during aging.
Topics: Aging; Animals; Arteries; Blood Pressure; Calcium Signaling; Humans; Muscle, Smooth, Vascular; Vasoconstriction
PubMed: 32918949
DOI: 10.1016/j.mad.2020.111336 -
Current Hypertension Reports May 2022The regulation of blood pressure is conventionally conceptualised into the product of "circulating blood volume" and "vasoconstriction components". Over the last few... (Review)
Review
PURPOSE OF REVIEW
The regulation of blood pressure is conventionally conceptualised into the product of "circulating blood volume" and "vasoconstriction components". Over the last few years, however, demonstration of tissue sodium storage challenged this dichotomous view.
RECENT FINDINGS
We review the available evidence pertaining to this phenomenon and the early association made with blood pressure; we discuss open questions regarding its originally proposed hypertonic nature, recently challenged by the suggestion of a systemic, isotonic, water paralleled accumulation that mirrors absolute or relative extracellular volume expansion; we present the established and speculate on the putative implications of this extravascular sodium excess, in either volume-associated or -independent form, on blood pressure regulation; finally, we highlight the prevalence of high tissue sodium in cardiovascular, metabolic and inflammatory conditions other than hypertension. We conclude on approaches to reduce sodium excess and on the potential of emerging imaging technologies in hypertension and other conditions.
Topics: Blood Pressure; Blood Volume; Humans; Hypertension; Sodium; Vasoconstriction
PubMed: 35192140
DOI: 10.1007/s11906-022-01180-x -
Interventional Cardiology Clinics Jul 2020Passing contrast media through the renal vascular bed leads to vasoconstriction. The perfusion decrease leads to ischemia of tubular cells. Through ischemia and direct... (Review)
Review
Passing contrast media through the renal vascular bed leads to vasoconstriction. The perfusion decrease leads to ischemia of tubular cells. Through ischemia and direct toxicity to renal tubular cells, reactive oxygen species formation is increased, enhancing the effect of vasoconstrictive mediators and decreasing the bioavailability of vasodilative mediators. Reactive oxygen species formation leads to oxidative damage to tubular cells. These interacting pathways lead to tubular necrosis. In the pathophysiology of contrast-induced acute kidney injury, low osmolar and iso-osmolar agents have theoretic advantages and disadvantages; however, clinically the difference in incidence of contrast-induced acute kidney injury has not changed.
Topics: Acute Kidney Injury; Contrast Media; Drug-Related Side Effects and Adverse Reactions; Humans; Incidence; Kidney; Kidney Tubules; Necrosis; Osmolar Concentration; Reactive Oxygen Species; Vasoconstriction
PubMed: 32471670
DOI: 10.1016/j.iccl.2020.03.001 -
Current Vascular Pharmacology 2022Interleukin-10 (IL-10) is an important immunomodulatory cytokine, initially characterized as an anti-inflammatory agent released by immune cells during infectious and...
Interleukin-10 (IL-10) is an important immunomodulatory cytokine, initially characterized as an anti-inflammatory agent released by immune cells during infectious and inflammatory processes. IL-10 exhibits biological functions that extend to the regulation of different intracellular signaling pathways directly associated with vascular function. This cytokine plays a vital role in vascular tone regulation by changing important proteins involved in vasoconstriction and vasodilation. Numerous investigations covered here have shown that therapeutic strategies inducing IL-10 exert anti-inflammatory, anti-hypertrophic, anti-hyperplastic, anti-apoptotic and antihypertensive effects. This non-systematic review summarizes the modulating effects mediated by IL-10 in vascular tissue, particularly on vascular tone, and the intracellular pathway induced by this cytokine. We also highlight the advances in IL-10 manipulation as a therapeutic target in different cardiovascular pathophysiologies, including the physiological implications in animals and humans. Finally, the review illustrates current and potential future perspectives of the potential use of IL-10 in clinical trials based on the clinical evidence.
Topics: Animals; Anti-Inflammatory Agents; Antihypertensive Agents; Cytokines; Humans; Interleukin-10; Vasoconstriction
PubMed: 34961448
DOI: 10.2174/1570161120666211227143459 -
Current Opinion in Pharmacology Apr 2021The intrinsic vascular smooth muscle contraction and vasoconstriction show time-of-day variations, contributing to the blood pressure circadian rhythm, which is... (Review)
Review
The intrinsic vascular smooth muscle contraction and vasoconstriction show time-of-day variations, contributing to the blood pressure circadian rhythm, which is essential for cardiovascular health. This brief review provides an overview of our current understanding of the mechanisms underlying the time-of-day variations of vascular smooth muscle contraction. We discuss the potential contribution of the time-of-day variations of vasoconstriction to the physiological blood pressure circadian rhythm. Finally, we survey the data obtained in the type 2 diabetic db/db mouse model that demonstrate the alterations of the time-of-day variations of vasoconstriction and the nondipping blood pressure in diabetes.
Topics: Animals; Blood Pressure; Circadian Rhythm; Diabetes Mellitus; Mice; Vasoconstriction
PubMed: 33721615
DOI: 10.1016/j.coph.2021.02.001 -
Annual Review of Physiology Feb 2023Resistance arteries and arterioles evolved as specialized blood vessels serving two important functions: () regulating peripheral vascular resistance and blood pressure... (Review)
Review
Resistance arteries and arterioles evolved as specialized blood vessels serving two important functions: () regulating peripheral vascular resistance and blood pressure and () matching oxygen and nutrient delivery to metabolic demands of organs. These functions require control of vessel lumen cross-sectional area (vascular tone) via coordinated vascular cell responses governed by precise spatial-temporal communication between intracellular signaling pathways. Herein, we provide a contemporary overview of the significant roles that redox switches play in calcium signaling for orchestrated endothelial, smooth muscle, and red blood cell control of arterial vascular tone. Three interrelated themes are the focus: () smooth muscle to endothelial communication for vasoconstriction, () endothelial to smooth muscle cell cross talk for vasodilation, and () oxygen and red blood cell interregulation of vascular tone and blood flow. We intend for this thematic framework to highlight gaps in our current knowledge and potentially spark interest for cross-disciplinary studies moving forward.
Topics: Humans; Microcirculation; Vasodilation; Vasoconstriction; Oxidation-Reduction; Oxygen
PubMed: 36763969
DOI: 10.1146/annurev-physiol-031522-021457 -
Experimental Physiology Apr 2023
Topics: Humans; Oxygen; Vasoconstriction; Iron; Hypoxia; Pulmonary Disease, Chronic Obstructive; Pulmonary Gas Exchange; Pulmonary Circulation
PubMed: 36744659
DOI: 10.1113/EP091078 -
Experimental Physiology Feb 2021This short review was prompted by The Physiological Society's recent online symposium on variability. It does not deal with a specific methodology, but rather with the...
This short review was prompted by The Physiological Society's recent online symposium on variability. It does not deal with a specific methodology, but rather with the myth that certain environmentally-induced clinical conditions can be identified, quantified, simplified and monitored with a single methodology. Although this might be possible with some clinical conditions, others resist the prevailing reductionist approach of minimizing rather than exploring variation in pathogenesis and pathology, and will not be understood fully until the variation in cause and effect are embraced. This is likely to require comprehensive methodologies and collaboration.
Topics: Adaptation, Physiological; Animals; Cold Injury; Humans; Vasoconstriction
PubMed: 33174651
DOI: 10.1113/EP089147 -
Intensive Care Medicine Mar 2024
Topics: Humans; Vasoconstriction; Shock, Septic
PubMed: 38358543
DOI: 10.1007/s00134-024-07332-8 -
Bioscience Reports Nov 2022The essential role of the endothelium in vascular homeostasis is associated with the release of endothelium-dependent relaxing and contractile factors (EDRF and EDCF,...
The essential role of the endothelium in vascular homeostasis is associated with the release of endothelium-dependent relaxing and contractile factors (EDRF and EDCF, respectively). Different from arteries, where these factors are widely studied, the vasoactive factors derived from the venous endothelium have been given less attention. There is evidence for a role of the nitric oxide (NO), endothelium-dependent hyperpolarization (EDH) mechanism, and cyclooxygenase (COX)-derived metabolites as EDRFs; while the EDCFs need to be better evaluated since no consensus has been reached about their identity in venous vessels. The imbalance between the synthesis, bioavailability, and/or action of EDRFs and/or EDCFs results in a pathological process known as endothelial dysfunction, which leads to reduced vasodilation and/or increased vasoconstriction. In the venous system, endothelial dysfunction is relevant since reduced venodilation may increase venous tone and decrease venous compliance, thus enhancing mean circulatory filling pressure, which maintains or modify cardiac workload contributing to the etiology of cardiovascular diseases. Interestingly, some alterations in venous function appear at the early stages (or even before) the establishment of these diseases. However, if the venous endothelium dysfunction is involved in these alterations is not yet fully understood and requires further studies. In this sense, the present study aims to review the current knowledge on venous endothelial function and dysfunction, and the general state of the venous tone in two important cardiovascular diseases of high incidence and morbimortality worldwide: hypertension and heart failure.
Topics: Humans; Cardiovascular Diseases; Endothelium, Vascular; Vasodilation; Vasoconstriction; Nitric Oxide; Hypertension
PubMed: 36281946
DOI: 10.1042/BSR20220285