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Microorganisms May 2023Oral dysbiosis has long been associated with pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC). In this work, we explore the relationship between the oral and tumor microbiomes of...
Oral dysbiosis has long been associated with pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC). In this work, we explore the relationship between the oral and tumor microbiomes of patients diagnosed with PDAC. Salivary and tumor microbiomes were analyzed using a variety of sequencing methods, resulting in a high prevalence and relative abundance of oral bacteria, particularly and , within tumor tissue. The most prevalent and abundant taxon found within both saliva and tumor tissue samples, , was cultured from patient saliva, sequenced and annotated, identifying genes that potentially contribute to tumorigenesis. High sequence similarity was observed between sequences recovered from patient matched saliva and tumor tissue, indicating that the taxa found in PDAC tumors may derive from the mouth. These findings may have clinical implications in the care and treatment of patients diagnosed with PDAC.
PubMed: 37374966
DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms11061466 -
BMC Microbiology Nov 2023Infantile cholestasis (IC) is the most common hepatobiliary disease in infants, resulting in elevated direct bilirubin levels. Indeed, hepatointestinal circulation...
BACKGROUND
Infantile cholestasis (IC) is the most common hepatobiliary disease in infants, resulting in elevated direct bilirubin levels. Indeed, hepatointestinal circulation impacts bile acid and bilirubin metabolism. This study evaluates changes in the gut microbiota composition in children with IC and identifies abnormal metabolite profiles associated with microbial alterations.
RESULTS
The gut microbiota in the IC group exhibits the higher abundance of Veillonella, Streptococcus and Clostridium spp. (P < 0.05), compared to healthy infants (CON) group. Moreover, the abundance of Ruminococcus, Vibrio butyricum, Eubacterium coprostanogenes group, Intestinibacter, and Faecalibacterium were lower (P < 0.05). In terms of microbiota-derived metabolites, the levels of fatty acids (palmitoleic, α-linolenic, arachidonic, and linoleic) (P < 0.05) increased and the levels of amino acids decreased in IC group. Furthermore, the abundances of Ruminococcus, Eubacterium coprostanoligenes group, Intestinibacter and Butyrivibrio are positively correlated with proline, asparagine and aspartic acid, but negatively correlated with the α-linolenic acid, linoleic acid, palmitoleic acid and arachidonic acid. For analysis of the relationship between the microbiota and clinical index, it was found that the abundance of Veillonella and Streptococcus was positively correlated with serum bile acid content (P < 0.05), while APTT, PT and INR were negatively correlated with Faecalibalum and Ruminococcus (P < 0.05).
CONCLUSION
Microbiota dysbiosis happened in IC children, which also can lead to the abnormal metabolism, thus obstructing the absorption of enteral nutrition and aggravating liver cell damage. Veillonella, Ruminococcus and Butyrivibrio may be important microbiome related with IC and need further research.
Topics: Infant; Child; Humans; Gastrointestinal Microbiome; Cholestasis; Liver; Streptococcus; Bilirubin; Bile Acids and Salts
PubMed: 37980506
DOI: 10.1186/s12866-023-03115-1 -
Frontiers in Medicine 2023The etiology of preterm birth (PTB) is heterogeneous and not yet well known. Maternal periodontal disease has been investigated for decades and is a known risk factor...
BACKGROUND
The etiology of preterm birth (PTB) is heterogeneous and not yet well known. Maternal periodontal disease has been investigated for decades and is a known risk factor for adverse pregnancy outcomes. However, no particular bacterial species or higher taxonomic order has been found as causative of PTB, leading to studies of the whole oral microbiome. In order to determine if and how the composition of the oral microbiome is associated with PTB, we performed a large case-control study including women with term (TB) and PTB.
METHODS
We compared oral microbiomes in PTB to TB, to examine differences in the microbial richness, diversity, and differential abundance of specific taxa. We obtained oral swab samples from 152 Caucasian pregnant women who were classified as either PTB (≤36 6/7 weeks, = 61) or TB (≥38 0/7 weeks, = 91) in exclusion of any other major medical or obstetric conditions. The oral microbiomes of these women were characterized by 16S ribosomal RNA (rRNA) gene sequencing of the V3-V4 region on the MiSeq platform.
RESULTS
The dominant microorganisms at the phylum level in all pregnant women regardless of birth week outcomes as belonging to , and . The phyla and were relatively more abundant in women with a PTB than in women with a TB, while was less prevalent in women with a PTB. At the genus level, , , and were enriched in the PTB, and while many of the members of these genera could not be resolved to the species level, was shown to be increased in the PTB group.
CONCLUSION
We identified the genera , , and in the maternal oral microbiome as being associated with PTB independently of clinically apparent infection, uterine anomalies, and other pregnancy complications, including placenta previa, and placental abruption. The clarification of the role of those taxa in the etiology of PTB merits further research.
PubMed: 37608830
DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2023.1177990 -
Gut Mar 2020The significance of the liver-microbiome axis has been increasingly recognised as a major modulator of autoimmunity. The aim of this study was to take advantage of a...
OBJECTIVE
The significance of the liver-microbiome axis has been increasingly recognised as a major modulator of autoimmunity. The aim of this study was to take advantage of a large well-defined corticosteroids treatment-naïve group of patients with autoimmune hepatitis (AIH) to rigorously characterise gut dysbiosis compared with healthy controls.
DESIGN
We performed a cross-sectional study of individuals with AIH (n=91) and matched healthy controls (n=98) by 16S rRNA gene sequencing. An independent cohort of 28 patients and 34 controls was analysed to validate the results. All the patients were collected before corticosteroids therapy.
RESULTS
The gut microbiome of steroid treatment-naïve AIH was characterised with lower alpha-diversity (Shannon and observed operational taxonomic units, both p<0.01) and distinct overall microbial composition compared with healthy controls (p=0.002). Depletion of obligate anaerobes and expansion of potential pathobionts including were associated with disease status. Of note, , the most strongly disease-associated taxa (p=8.85E-8), positively correlated with serum level of aspartate aminotransferase and liver inflammation. Furthermore, the combination of four patients with AIH-associated genera distinguished AIH from controls with an area under curves of approximately 0.8 in both exploration and validation cohorts. In addition, multiple predicted functional modules were altered in the AIH gut microbiome, including lipopolysaccharide biosynthesis as well as metabolism of amino acids that can be processed by bacteria to produce immunomodulatory metabolites.
CONCLUSION
Our study establishes compositional and functional alterations of gut microbiome in AIH and suggests the potential for using gut microbiota as non-invasive biomarkers to assess disease activity.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Aspartate Aminotransferases; Case-Control Studies; Clostridiales; Cross-Sectional Studies; Dysbiosis; Female; Gastrointestinal Microbiome; Hepatitis, Autoimmune; Humans; Lactobacillus; Male; Middle Aged; Severity of Illness Index; Veillonella; Young Adult
PubMed: 31201284
DOI: 10.1136/gutjnl-2018-317836 -
Frontiers in Microbiology 2023Despite the growing body of evidence, the link between the gut microbiota and different types of tumors, such as colorectal, gastric, and liver cancer, is becoming more...
INTRODUCTION
Despite the growing body of evidence, the link between the gut microbiota and different types of tumors, such as colorectal, gastric, and liver cancer, is becoming more apparent. The gut microbiota can be used as a reference for evaluating various diseases, including cancer, and can also act as risk factors or preventive factors. However, the specific connection between the gut microbiota and the advancement of esophageal cancer has yet to be investigated. Therefore, the aim of this research is to clarify the possible causal influence of intestinal microorganisms on the vulnerability to esophageal cancer through the utilization of Mendelian randomization (MR) studies.
METHODS
In this study, we employed a two-sample Mendelian randomization approach to evaluate the unbiased causal association between 150 different gut microbiota types and the occurrence of esophageal cancer. Following the selection from the IEU GWAS database and SNP filtration, we utilized various MR statistical techniques on the suitable instrumental variables. These included IVW methods, employing inverse variance weighting. Additionally, we performed a range of sensitivity analyses to confirm the heterogeneity and pleiotropy of the instrumental variables, thus ensuring the reliability of the outcomes.
RESULTS
The increased likelihood of developing esophageal cancer is linked to the genetically predicted high levels of , and . Conversely, a decreased risk of esophageal cancer is associated with the high abundance of , and . No heterogeneity and pleiotropy were detected in the sensitivity analysis.
DISCUSSION
We found that 11 types of gut microbial communities are associated with esophageal cancer, thereby confirming that the gut microbiota plays a significant role in the path.
PubMed: 38107856
DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1286598 -
Frontiers in Cellular and Infection... 2024The incidence of biliary system diseases has been continuously increasing in the past decade. Biliary system diseases bring a heavy burden to humanity and society....
INTRODUCTION
The incidence of biliary system diseases has been continuously increasing in the past decade. Biliary system diseases bring a heavy burden to humanity and society. However, the specific etiology and pathogenesis are still unknown. The biliary system, as a bridge between the liver and intestine, plays an indispensable role in maintaining the physiological metabolism of the body. Therefore, prevention and treatment of biliary diseases are crucial. It is worth noting that the microorganisms participate in the lipid metabolism of the bile duct, especially the largest proportion of intestinal bacteria.
METHODS
We systematically reviewed the intestinal microbiota in patients with gallstones (GS), non-calculous biliary inflammatory, and biliary tract cancer (BTC). And searched Pubmed, Embase and Web of science for research studies published up to November 2023.
RESULTS
We found that the abundance of Faecalibacterium genus is decreased in GS, primary sclerosing cholangitis (PSC), primary biliary cholangitis (PBC) and BTC. Veillonella, Lactobacillus, Streptococcus and Enterococcus genus were significantly increased in PSC, PBC and BTC. Interestingly, we found that the relative abundance of Clostridium was generally reduced in GS, PBC and BTC. However, Clostridium was generally increased in PSC.
DISCUSSION
The existing research mostly focuses on exploring the mechanisms of bacteria targeting a single disease. Lacking comparison of multiple diseases and changes in bacteria during the disease process. We hope to provide biomarkers forearly diagnosis of biliary system diseases and provide new directions for the mechanism of intestinal microbiota in biliary diseases.
Topics: Humans; Gastrointestinal Microbiome; Cholangitis, Sclerosing; Biliary Tract; Liver; Biomarkers; Bacteria
PubMed: 38558851
DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2024.1362933 -
JDR Clinical and Translational Research Jul 2021To compare the oral microbiota of Sjögren's syndrome (SS) with that of healthy subjects (HS).
OBJECTIVE
To compare the oral microbiota of Sjögren's syndrome (SS) with that of healthy subjects (HS).
METHODS
Supragingival and subgingival biofilm samples were collected from the mesial-buccal tooth surfaces of SS patients (n = 57) and age- and sex-matched HS (n = 53). Unstimulated saliva and 8 oral tissue samples were taken using a buccal brush. Caries and periodontal measures were recorded. All supragingival samples and a subgroup of 24 SS and 28 HS subgingival samples, as well as 32 SS and 11 HS saliva and oral tissue samples, were analyzed for their content of 41 bacterial species using checkerboard DNA-DNA hybridization. Mean levels (×10 ± SEM) and percentage of DNA probe counts of each species were determined for each sample site and averaged within subjects in the 2 clinical groups. Kruskal-Wallis tests, adjusting for multiple comparisons and cluster analysis, were used for soft tissue and microbial analysis, and the Mann-Whitney test was used to compare caries and periodontal measures.
RESULTS
Mean (×10 ± SEM) total DNA probe counts in supragingival samples were significantly lower (P < 0.001) in the SS (13.3 ± .7) compared to the HS (44.1 ± 6.8) group. In supragingival samples, Veillonella parvula, Fusobacterium nucleatum ss vincenti, and Propionibacterium acnes were markedly elevated in the SS compared to the HS group in both mean (×10 ± SEM) and mean (± SEM) percentage DNA probe counts (P < 0.001). In subgingival samples of SS, V. parvula was significantly different compared to HS (P < 0.05). SS was characterized by high levels of purple and low levels of orange and red complexes. Cluster analysis of oral tissues and saliva demonstrated that the mean microbial profiles for SS patients and the HS group clustered separately. Active root caries (P < 0.003) and attachment loss were significantly higher (P < 0.029) in the SS group compared to the HS group.
CONCLUSION
These findings indicate that saliva is a major controlling factor of intraoral biofilm. V. parvula may be a unique microbial biomarker for Sjögren's syndrome.
KNOWLEDGE TRANSFER STATEMENT
The microbiome characterized for Sjögren's syndrome in salivary hypofunction is shown to be under stress and reduced. Veillonella parvula can be a possible identification of a biomarker for Sjögren's syndrome.
Topics: Colony Count, Microbial; DNA, Bacterial; Dental Plaque; Humans; Microbiota; Sjogren's Syndrome; Veillonella
PubMed: 32689841
DOI: 10.1177/2380084420940623 -
Cancer Metastasis Reviews Jun 2022The identification of microbes enriched in the healthy lung has led to the compelling discovery that microbes may contribute to lung cancer pathogenesis. Here, we review... (Review)
Review
The identification of microbes enriched in the healthy lung has led to the compelling discovery that microbes may contribute to lung cancer pathogenesis. Here, we review the recent literature showing microbial associations with lung cancer as well as the functional features that have been identified in human and murine studies. Most biomarker data remain limited due to variable findings. However, multiple studies have found that lung tumors or ipsilateral airway samples have decreased α diversity compared to normal tissue. Specific genera, such as Veillonella and Streptococcus, were also found in association with lung tumors using multiple sampling methodologies. These microbes, which are generally found in the upper respiratory track, are associated with an IL-17 signature in the lung, potentially resulting in a pro-tumorigenic environment. Studies detailing these immune mechanisms are limited, and further investigation is necessary to delineate how these bacteria, their metabolites, and potentially tumor-associated neoantigens modulate the immune response in cancer.
Topics: Animals; Bacteria; Biomarkers; Humans; Immunity; Lung Neoplasms; Mice; Microbiota
PubMed: 35588337
DOI: 10.1007/s10555-022-10036-4 -
Progress in Molecular Biology and... 2022The respiratory system, like the gut, harbors a vast variety of microorganisms which include bacteria, viruses and fungi. The advent of next generation sequencing and...
The respiratory system, like the gut, harbors a vast variety of microorganisms which include bacteria, viruses and fungi. The advent of next generation sequencing and multi-omic approaches has revealed the diversity and functional significances of microorganisms in the respiratory health. It has been identified that there has been a co-evolution of indigenous respiratory microbiota and the human immune system. However, an immune response is usually generated when the homeostasis of the microbiota is disturbed. The respiratory microbiome has been identified to be important in shaping the respiratory immunity. Gut microbiota and oral microbiota are also known to be pivotal in shaping the immune system of the respiratory tract and influence its microbial dynamics. Proteobacteria, Firmicutes, and Bacteroidetes have been identified to be predominant in the respiratory system. While, Streptococcus, Prevotella, Fusobacteria, and Veillonella forms the major part, potential pathogens, such as Haemophilus and Neisseria, also form a small fraction of the healthy lung microbiome. Dysbiosis of respiratory microbiome can lead to increased colonization of opportunistic pathogens that can lead to respiratory infections such as pneumonia. This chapter describes the microbial diversity of respiratory system and the role of respiratory microbiome during respiratory infections like pneumonia. The chapter also discusses few strategies that have been proved effective in preventing pneumonia.
Topics: Humans; Microbiota; Dysbiosis; Pneumonia; Respiratory Tract Infections; Lung
PubMed: 36280326
DOI: 10.1016/bs.pmbts.2022.07.002 -
Frontiers in Cellular and Infection... 2023The present study aims to investigate the effect of (Hp) infection on gastric mucosal microbiota in patients with chronic gastritis.
OBJECTIVE
The present study aims to investigate the effect of (Hp) infection on gastric mucosal microbiota in patients with chronic gastritis.
METHODS
Here recruited a population of 193 patients with both chronic gastritis and positive rapid urease, including 124 patients with chronic atrophic gastritis (CAG) and 69 patients with chronic non-atrophic gastritis (nCAG). Immunoblotting was used to detect four serum Hp antibodies (UreA, UreB, VacA and CagA) to determine the types of virulent Hp-I and avirulent Hp-II infections. Gastric microbiota was profiled by 16S rRNA gene V3-V4 region, and R software was used to present the relationship between the microbial characteristics and the type of Hp infection.
RESULTS
In the stomach of patients with Hp-positive gastritis, the dominant gastric bacterial genera included (23.94%), (20.28%), (9.99%), (9.21%), (5.05%), and (4.75%). The proportion of Hp-I infection was significantly higher in CAG patients (91.1%) than in nCAG patients (71.0%) ( < 0.001). The gastric microbiota richness index (observed OTUs, Chao) was significantly lower in CAG patients than in nCAG patients (0.05). Compared with avirulent Hp-II infection, virulent Hp-I infection significantly decreased the Shannon index in CAG patients (0.05). In nCAG patients, Hp-I infected patients had lower abundances of several dominant gastric bacteria (, , , , ) than Hp-II infected patients. Meanwhile, in CAG patients, Hp-I infected patients occupied lower abundances of several dominant oral bacteria (, and ) than Hp-II infected patients. In addition, bile reflux significantly promoted the colonization of dominant oral microbiota (, and ) in the stomach of CAG patients. There was no significant symbiotic relationship between bacteria and non- bacteria in the stomach of nCAG patients, while bacteria distinctly linked with the non- bacteria (, , , and ) in CAG patients.
CONCLUSIONS
Virulent Hp infection alters the gastric microbiota, reduces microbial diversity, and enhances the symbiotic relationship between the bacteria and non- bacteria in patients with chronic gastritis. The data provides new evidence for treating Hp infection by improving the gastric microbiota.
Topics: Humans; Helicobacter pylori; Helicobacter Infections; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; Gastritis
PubMed: 37662018
DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2023.1221433