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Scientific Reports Jul 2023Primary liver cancer (PLC), which includes intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (iCCA) and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), has the highest incidence of all cancer types in...
Primary liver cancer (PLC), which includes intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (iCCA) and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), has the highest incidence of all cancer types in Thailand. Known etiological factors, such as viral hepatitis and chronic liver disease do not fully account for the country's unusually high incidence. However, the gut-liver axis, which contributes to carcinogenesis and disease progression, is influenced by the gut microbiome. To investigate this relationship, fecal matter from 44 Thai PLC patients and 76 healthy controls were subjected to whole-genome metagenomic shotgun sequencing and then analyzed by marker gene-based and assembly based methods. Results revealed greater gut microbiome heterogeneity in iCCA compared to HCC and healthy controls. Two Veillonella species were found to be more abundant in iCCA samples and could distinguish iCCA from HCC and healthy controls. Conversely, Ruminococcus gnavus was depleted in iCCA patients and could distinguish HCC from iCCA samples. High Veillonella genus counts in the iCCA group were associated with enriched amino acid biosynthesis and glycolysis pathways, while enriched phospholipid and thiamine metabolism pathways characterized the HCC group with high Blautia genus counts. These findings reveal distinct landscapes of gut dysbiosis among Thai iCCA and HCC patients and warrant further investigation as potential biomarkers.
Topics: Humans; Carcinoma, Hepatocellular; Liver Neoplasms; Dysbiosis; Southeast Asian People; Thailand; Bile Duct Neoplasms; Cholangiocarcinoma; Bile Ducts, Intrahepatic
PubMed: 37452065
DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-38307-2 -
Microbiology Spectrum Feb 2023species are abundant members of the human oral microbiome with multiple interspecies commensal relationships. Examining the distribution patterns of species across the...
species are abundant members of the human oral microbiome with multiple interspecies commensal relationships. Examining the distribution patterns of species across the oral cavity is fundamental to understanding their oral ecology. In this study, we used a combination of pangenomic analysis and oral metagenomic information to clarify taxonomy and to test the site specialist hypothesis for the genus, which contends that most oral bacterial species are adapted to live at specific oral sites. Using isolate genome sequences combined with shotgun metagenomic sequence data, we showed that species have clear, differential site specificity: Veillonella parvula showed strong preference for supra- and subgingival plaque, while closely related V. dispar, as well as more distantly related V. atypica, preferred the tongue dorsum, tonsils, throat, and hard palate. In addition, the provisionally named sp. Human Microbial Taxon 780 showed strong site specificity for keratinized gingiva. Using comparative genomic analysis, we identified genes associated with thiamine biosynthesis and the reductive pentose phosphate cycle that may enable species to occupy their respective habitats. Understanding the microbial ecology of the mouth is fundamental for understanding human physiology. In this study, metapangenomics demonstrated that different species have clear ecological preferences in the oral cavity of healthy humans, validating the site specialist hypothesis. Furthermore, the gene pool of different species was found to be reflective of their ecology, illuminating the potential role of vitamins and carbohydrates in determining distribution patterns and interspecies interactions.
Topics: Humans; Veillonella; Mouth; Tongue; Palatine Tonsil; Microbiota
PubMed: 36695592
DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.04042-22 -
Frontiers in Oral Health 2021The genus comprises 16 characterized species, among which eight are commonly found in the human oral cavity. The high abundance of species in the microbiome of both... (Review)
Review
The genus comprises 16 characterized species, among which eight are commonly found in the human oral cavity. The high abundance of species in the microbiome of both supra- and sub-gingival biofilms, and their interdependent relationship with a multitude of other bacterial species, suggest veillonellae to play an important role in oral biofilm ecology. Development of oral biofilms relies on an incremental coaggregation process between early, bridging and later bacterial colonizers, ultimately forming multispecies communities. As early colonizer and bridging species, veillonellae are critical in guiding the development of multispecies communities in the human oral microenvironment. Their ability to establish mutualistic relationships with other members of the oral microbiome has emerged as a crucial factor that may contribute to health equilibrium. Here, we review the general characteristics, taxonomy, physiology, genomic and genetics of veillonellae, as well as their bridging role in the development of oral biofilms. We further discuss the role of spp. as potential "accessory pathogens" in the human oral cavity, capable of supporting colonization by other, more pathogenic species. The relationship between spp. and dental caries, periodontitis, and peri-implantitis is also recapitulated in this review. We finally highlight areas of future research required to better understand the intergeneric signaling employed by veillonellae during their bridging activities and interspecies mutualism. With the recent discoveries of large species and strain-specific variation within the genus in biological and virulence characteristics, the study of as an example of highly adaptive microorganisms that indirectly participates in dysbiosis holds great promise for broadening our understanding of polymicrobial disease pathogenesis.
PubMed: 35048073
DOI: 10.3389/froh.2021.774115 -
Current Opinion in Microbiology Feb 2024The respiratory tract microbiome (RTM) is a microbial ecosystem inhabiting different niches throughout the airway. A critical role for the RTM in dictating lung... (Review)
Review
The respiratory tract microbiome (RTM) is a microbial ecosystem inhabiting different niches throughout the airway. A critical role for the RTM in dictating lung infection outcomes is underlined by recent efforts to identify community members benefiting respiratory tract health. Obligate anaerobes common in the oropharynx and lung such as Prevotella and Veillonella are associated with improved pneumonia outcomes and activate several immune defense pathways in the lower airway. Colonizers of the nasal cavity, including Corynebacterium and Dolosigranulum, directly impact the growth and virulence of lung pathogens, aligning with robust clinical correlations between their upper airway abundance and reduced respiratory tract infection risk. Here, we highlight recent work identifying respiratory tract bacteria that promote airway health and resilience against disease, with a focus on lung infections and the underlying mechanisms driving RTM-protective benefits.
Topics: Humans; Lung; Oropharynx; Respiratory Tract Infections; Pneumonia, Bacterial; Microbiota
PubMed: 38277901
DOI: 10.1016/j.mib.2024.102428 -
Diagnostics (Basel, Switzerland) Feb 2021Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is the number one cancer killer and its early detection can reduce mortality. Accumulating evidences suggest an etiopathogenic role of...
Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is the number one cancer killer and its early detection can reduce mortality. Accumulating evidences suggest an etiopathogenic role of microorganisms in lung tumorigenesis. Certain bacteria are found to be associated with NSCLC. Herein we evaluated the potential use of microbiome as biomarkers for the early detection of NSCLC. We used droplet digital PCR to analyze 25 NSCLC-associated bacterial genera in 31 lung tumor and the paired noncancerous lung tissues and sputum of 17 NSCLC patients and ten cancer-free smokers. Of the bacterial genera, four had altered abundances in lung tumor tissues, while five were aberrantly abundant in sputum of NSCLC patients compared with their normal counterparts (all < 0.05). Acidovorax and Veillonella were further developed as a panel of sputum biomarkers that could diagnose lung squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) with 80% sensitivity and 89% specificity. The use of Capnocytophaga as a sputum biomarker identified lung adenocarcinoma (AC) with 72% sensitivity and 85% specificity. The use of Acidovorax as a sputum biomarker had 63% sensitivity and 96% specificity for distinguishing between SCC and AC, the two major types of NSCLC. The sputum biomarkers were further validated for the diagnostic values in a different cohort of 69 NSCLC cases and 79 cancer-free controls. Sputum microbiome might provide noninvasive biomarkers for the early detection and classification of NSCLC.
PubMed: 33673596
DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics11030407 -
World Journal of Gastroenterology Dec 2020Microbiota profiles differ between patients with pancreatic cancer and healthy people, and understanding these differences may help in early detection of pancreatic...
BACKGROUND
Microbiota profiles differ between patients with pancreatic cancer and healthy people, and understanding these differences may help in early detection of pancreatic cancer. Saliva sampling is an easy and cost-effective way to determine microbiota profiles compared to fecal and tissue sample collection.
AIM
To investigate the saliva microbiome distribution in patients with pancreatic adenocarcinoma (PDAC) and the role of oral microbiota profiles in detection and risk prediction of pancreatic cancer.
METHODS
We conducted a prospective study of patients with pancreatic cancer ( = 41) and healthy individuals ( = 69). Bacterial taxa were identified by 16S ribosomal ribonucleic acid gene sequencing, and a linear discriminant analysis effect size algorithm was used to identify differences in taxa. Operational taxonomic unit values of all selected taxa were converted into a normalized Z-score, and logistic regressions were used to calculate risk prediction of pancreatic cancer.
RESULTS
Compared with the healthy control group, carriage of and (z-score) was associated with a higher risk of PDAC [odds ratio (OR) = 5.344, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.282-22.282, = 0.021 and OR = 6.886, 95%CI: 1.423-33.337, = 0.016, respectively]. and (z-score) were considered a protective microbe that decreased the risk of PDAC (OR = 0.187, 95%CI: 0.055-0.631, = 0.007 and OR = 0.309, 95%CI: 0.100-0.952, = 0.041, respectively). Among the patients with PDAC, patients reporting bloating have a higher abundance of ( = 0.039), ( = 0.024), and ( = 0.041); while patients reporting jaundice had a higher amount of ( = 0.008); patients reporting dark brown urine had a higher amount of ( = 0.035). Patients reporting diarrhea had a lower amount of and ( = 0.024 and = 0.034), and patients reporting vomiting had decreased ( = 0.036).
CONCLUSION
Saliva microbiome was able to distinguish patients with pancreatic cancer and healthy individuals. may be specific for patients living in Sichuan Province, southwest China. Symptomatic patients had different bacteria profiles than asymptomatic patients. Combined symptom and microbiome evaluation may help in the early detection of pancreatic cancer.
Topics: Adenocarcinoma; China; Humans; Microbiota; Pancreatic Neoplasms; Prospective Studies; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; Saliva
PubMed: 33505144
DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v26.i48.7679 -
Current Microbiology Sep 2023Infants born via cesarean section (CS) are at an increased risk of immune-related diseases later in life, potentially due to altered gut microbiota. Recent research has... (Randomized Controlled Trial)
Randomized Controlled Trial
Effect of Probiotic Supplementation on the Gut Microbiota Composition of Infants Delivered by Cesarean Section: An Exploratory, Randomized, Open-label, Parallel-controlled Trial.
BACKGROUND
Infants born via cesarean section (CS) are at an increased risk of immune-related diseases later in life, potentially due to altered gut microbiota. Recent research has focused on the administration of probiotics in the prevention of gut microbiota dysbiosis in neonates delivered by CS. This study was performed to investigate the effects of probiotic supplementation on the gut microbiota of CS-delivered infants.
METHODS
Thirty full-term neonates delivered by CS were randomized into the intervention (supplemented orally with a probiotic containing Bifidobacterium longum, Lactobacillus acidophilus, and Enterococcus faecalis for 2 weeks) and control groups. Stool samples were collected at birth and 2 weeks and 42 days after birth. The composition of the gut microbiota was analyzed using 16S rRNA sequencing technology.
RESULTS
The applied bacterial strains were abundant in the CS-delivered infants supplemented with probiotics. Probiotics increased the abundance of some beneficial bacteria, such as Bacteroides, Acinetobacter, Veillonella, and Faecalibacterium. Low colonization of Klebsiella, a potentially pathogenic bacterium, was observed in the intervention group.
CONCLUSIONS
Our results showed that probiotics supplemented immediately after CS enriched the gut microbiota composition and altered the pattern of early gut colonization.
TRIAL REGISTRATION
registration number NCT05086458.
Topics: Pregnancy; Infant, Newborn; Humans; Infant; Female; Cesarean Section; Gastrointestinal Microbiome; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; Probiotics; Dietary Supplements
PubMed: 37712964
DOI: 10.1007/s00284-023-03444-4 -
Cureus Sep 2023A lung abscess is characterized as a clinical ailment arising from the localized suppurative necrosis of lung parenchyma. This condition primarily results from the...
A lung abscess is characterized as a clinical ailment arising from the localized suppurative necrosis of lung parenchyma. This condition primarily results from the complications of aspiration pneumonia due to anaerobic microorganisms originating from the oral cavity. Clinically, patients typically manifest symptoms such as fever, malaise, and a productive cough persisting over several weeks. The majority of lung abscess cases acquired within the community stem from anaerobic bacterial infections, often exhibiting a polymicrobial nature. We present a 51-year-old female with intrapulmonary abscess and empyema, with isolation of species. She has a 25-pack-year smoking history. Two weeks prior to arrival at our facility, she experienced intermittent shortness of breath, fever, and subjective fever. Her primary care physician ordered an outpatient computed tomography (CT) which showed evidence of a large right-sided fluid collection. Initial chest X-ray at our facility revealed extensive opacification of the middle and right lower hemithorax, believed to be a large-sized pleural effusion with adjacent pneumonia or atelectasis. She was given a working diagnosis of right-sided empyema. Cardiothoracic surgery was consulted and video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery (VATS) was performed. A very large collection of grossly purulent material was evacuated and revealed a large intrapulmonary abscess. Over 400 cc of frank pus was collected and sent for microbiological analysis. Anaerobic culture demonstrated 3+ species and 3+ species. The genus consists of a small, strictly anaerobic, gram-negative cocci that lacks flagella, spores, and capsules. This genus obtains energy from the utilization of short-chain organic acids that are present in the oral cavity and intestinal tract. Oral is strongly associated with biofilms, causing human oral infectious diseases such as periodontitis and dental caries. Literature states that this organism has been isolated in a limited number of chronic pneumonitis cases. To date, the most common organism isolated from lung abscesses is in adult patients and in pediatric patients. We strive to elucidate the distinctive clinical presentation evident in this case, alongside a comprehensive understanding of the unusual pathogens identified in the disease's pathogenesis.
PubMed: 37842426
DOI: 10.7759/cureus.45210 -
Journal of Dental Research Jan 2021Oral microbiomes vary in cariogenic potential; these differences may be established early in life. A major concern is whether mothers transmit cariogenic bacteria to...
Oral microbiomes vary in cariogenic potential; these differences may be established early in life. A major concern is whether mothers transmit cariogenic bacteria to their children. Here we characterize early salivary microbiome development and the potential associations of that development with route of delivery, breastfeeding, and mother's oral health, and we evaluate transmission of microbes between mother and child. We analyzed saliva and metadata from the Center for Oral Health Research in Appalachia. For this cohort study, we sequenced the V6 region of the 16S rRNA gene and used quantitative polymerase chain reaction to detect , and in the saliva from mothers and their infants, collected at 2, 9, and 12 mo (Pennsylvania site) and 2, 12, and 24 mo (West Virginia site). Breastfed children had lower relative abundances of and . If mothers had decayed, missing, or filled teeth, children had greater abundances of and . There was little evidence of maternal transmission of selected microbes. At 12 mo, children's microbiomes were more similar to other children's than to their mothers'. Infants' salivary microbiomes became more adult-like with age but still differed with mothers' microbiomes at 12 mo. There was little evidence supporting transmission of selected microbes from mothers to children, but risk of colonization was associated with tooth emergence. Children are likely to acquire cariogenic bacteria from a variety of sources, including foods and contact with other children and adults.
Topics: Adult; Child; Cohort Studies; Dental Caries; Female; Humans; Infant; Microbiota; Mothers; Oral Health; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; Saliva; Streptococcus mutans
PubMed: 32859139
DOI: 10.1177/0022034520947665 -
Anaerobe Dec 2022Veillonella, known as early colonizers in oral biofilms, take part in some infections in human. Biofilm refers to complex, sessile communities of microbes, which...
INTRODUCTION
Veillonella, known as early colonizers in oral biofilms, take part in some infections in human. Biofilm refers to complex, sessile communities of microbes, which function as strong barriers for bacteria to survive. Biofilm matrixes surrounding bacteria enable them to withstand harsh conditions, protect against immune cells, etc., and also make them resistant to antimicrobial treatments. Thus, the knowledge of antibiotic susceptibility and biofilm formation of Veillonella will shed light on their resistance mechanism.
MATERIALS AND METHOD
Their morphology was observed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). According to the performance standards for antibiotic susceptibility testing of the Clinical & Laboratory Standards Institute, the Agar dilution method was used to study the susceptibility of Veillonella strains to eight antibiotics (ampicillin, piperacillin-tazobactam, cefoxitin, tetracycline, moxifloxacin, clindamycin, metronidazole, and vancomycin). In addition, we applied the crystal violet staining method to reveal the processes of biofilm formation of these Veillonella strains.
RESULTS
V. rogosae, V. nakazawae, and V. parvula were isolated from oral cavities of healthy adults and V. ratti was isolated from dairy goat droppings. Observations by scanning electron microscopy showed that Veillonella were spherical and arranged in single or short chains. The diameter of a single cell was about 0.3-0.5 μm. The Minimum Inhibitory Concentrations (MICs) of the antibiotics were determined and the results showed that these four strains were all sensitive to cefoxitin, tetracycline, moxifloxacin, clindamycin and metronidazole. Among the four strains, V. ratti was resistant to piperacillin-tazobactam, and V. rogosae and V. nakazawae were resistant to ampicillin. The vancomycin susceptibility of the four Veillonella strains varied greatly. The MICs of vancomycin against V. rogosae and V. ratti were greater than 256 μg/mL but the MICs of vancomycin against V. nakazawae and V. parvula were less than 2 μg/mL. V. parvula had significantly higher biofilm-forming ability than the other three strains (p < 0.05) and V. nakazawae had the weakest biofilm-forming ability.
CONCLUSION
In this study, V. rogosae, V. nakazawae, V. parvula and V. ratti were isolated and identified. The four strains of Veillonella showed differences in MIC values for different antibiotics and biofilm-forming ability.
Topics: Humans; Veillonella; Vancomycin; Cefoxitin; Clindamycin; Moxifloxacin; Metronidazole; Biofilms; Microbial Sensitivity Tests; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Ampicillin; Tetracyclines; Piperacillin; Tazobactam
PubMed: 36288773
DOI: 10.1016/j.anaerobe.2022.102667