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Clinics in Podiatric Medicine and... Apr 2023The pediatric flatfoot can include multiple planes of deformity and concomitant concerns such as metatarsus adductus and equinus. Each aspect of the deformity must be... (Review)
Review
The pediatric flatfoot can include multiple planes of deformity and concomitant concerns such as metatarsus adductus and equinus. Each aspect of the deformity must be carefully evaluated before any surgical planning. The goal of surgery should be an improvement in symptoms by creating a controllable foot with a reduction of deforming forces. There are multiple procedures that can be used for the pediatric flatfoot, including the Evans calcaneal osteotomy, the Cotton medial cuneiform osteotomy, the medial calcaneal slide osteotomy, and arthroereisis implants. Each contributes in a specific way to the overall deformity correction. Multiple options exist for grafts and hardware.
Topics: Humans; Child; Flatfoot; Foot; Tarsal Bones; Metatarsal Bones; Osteotomy; Calcaneus; Retrospective Studies
PubMed: 36841586
DOI: 10.1016/j.cpm.2022.11.006 -
Ugeskrift For Laeger Jan 2023Pes planovalgus (PV) in early childhood is a common physiological state, and usually resolves throughout childhood. Parental concern often leads to seeking medical... (Review)
Review
Pes planovalgus (PV) in early childhood is a common physiological state, and usually resolves throughout childhood. Parental concern often leads to seeking medical advice. This review summarises the current knowledge of the different types of PV. Asymptomatic PV does not need treatment, but corrective footwear can be utilised for painful PV. Orthopaedic referral is needed if conservative treatment is not sufficient. It is important to distinguish between flexible and rigid PV, since rigid PV can be a sign of underlying pathologies and needs referral to orthopaedic surgeons. Further studies are needed to investigate for predictive factors to develop painful PV.
Topics: Child, Preschool; Humans; Conservative Treatment; Flatfoot; Osteotomy; Pain
PubMed: 36636936
DOI: No ID Found -
The Physician and Sportsmedicine Sep 2019: Flexibility and strength are compromised in pronated feet, which could in turn lead to alteration of the dynamic balance and muscle activity in the lower extremities.... (Randomized Controlled Trial)
Randomized Controlled Trial
Effects of selective strengthening of tibialis posterior and stretching of iliopsoas on navicular drop, dynamic balance, and lower limb muscle activity in pronated feet: A randomized clinical trial.
: Flexibility and strength are compromised in pronated feet, which could in turn lead to alteration of the dynamic balance and muscle activity in the lower extremities. This study aimed to analyze the effects of selective tibialis posterior strengthening and iliopsoas stretching on navicular drop, dynamic balance, and lower limb muscle activity in young adults with pronated feet. : Twenty-eight participants with pronated feet were randomly assigned to either the stretching and strengthening group ( = 14) or the conventional exercise group ( = 14). The stretching and strengthening group performed tibialis posterior strengthening exercises and iliopsoas stretching three times a week for 6 weeks in addition to the conventional towel curl exercises. The conventional exercise group performed towel curl exercises only. Navicular drop, dynamic balance, and lower limb muscle activity were assessed at baseline and post-intervention. A mixed model analysis of variance was performed to test the study hypothesis. : Significant group effects for the activity of tibialis anterior ( = 0.003) and abductor hallucis muscle ( = 0.010), as well as for the posterolateral ( = 0.036) and composite reach scores ( = 0.018), were detected. Significant group × time interactions were observed for naviculardrop ( < 0.001), all dynamic balance components ( < 0.001), and the activity of tibialis anterior ( < 0.001) and abductor hallucis ( < 0.001). : This study demonstrated that inclusion of selective tibialis posterior strengthening and iliopsoas stretching in addition to the conventional towel curl exercise program could improve important clinical outcomes, such as navicular drop, muscle activity, and dynamic balance in flatfeet.
Topics: Adult; Electromyography; Exercise Therapy; Female; Flatfoot; Foot; Hip; Humans; Male; Muscle, Skeletal; Postural Balance; Tarsal Bones; Young Adult
PubMed: 30517043
DOI: 10.1080/00913847.2018.1553466 -
Skeletal Radiology Nov 2021Flatfoot is commonly encountered in the paediatric population and describes a spectrum of clinical and radiological presentations which encompass both normally... (Review)
Review
Flatfoot is commonly encountered in the paediatric population and describes a spectrum of clinical and radiological presentations which encompass both normally developing and pathological feet. Flatfoot can be categorised as flexible or rigid, a distinction which has important implications when considering the potential underlying aetiology and treatment options, and therefore imaging is an important component of the diagnostic workup. Weight-bearing plain radiographs are established initial investigations, although the significance of a number of the commonly derived quantitative parameters in children remains unclear. CT and MRI are important additional imaging modalities reserved for the investigation of symptomatic cases or those in which an underlying structural abnormality is suspected, rigid flatfoot commonly falling into one of these two categories. We review and illustrate the multimodality imaging of the paediatric flatfoot, with reference to both qualitative and quantitative radiographic assessment and cross-sectional imaging appearances.
Topics: Child; Flatfoot; Foot; Humans; Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Multimodal Imaging; Radiography
PubMed: 34002241
DOI: 10.1007/s00256-021-03806-8 -
Clinics in Podiatric Medicine and... Jul 2022This article provides an overview of the soft tissue contributions to the normal structures that surround the talo-calcaneal-navicular (TCN) joint of the human arch. The... (Review)
Review
This article provides an overview of the soft tissue contributions to the normal structures that surround the talo-calcaneal-navicular (TCN) joint of the human arch. The TCN joint has a multiplanar range of motion that makes it essential to the kinetic coupling that links the forefoot and hindfoot. The soft tissue connection surrounding this joint is known as the spring ligament complex. More accurate knowledge of the anatomy of this complex will enhance the understanding of its role in the support of the head of the talus and, potentially, its critical interactions with the normal or abnormal function of the arch.
Topics: Flatfoot; Foot; Humans; Ligaments, Articular; Subtalar Joint; Talus
PubMed: 35717057
DOI: 10.1016/j.cpm.2022.02.003 -
Medicine Mar 2020Flexible flatfoot is a condition characterized by the deformations of the foot where the calcaneus is pronated by weight support. Flat feet can affect balance and the... (Clinical Trial)
Clinical Trial
BACKGROUND
Flexible flatfoot is a condition characterized by the deformations of the foot where the calcaneus is pronated by weight support. Flat feet can affect balance and the entire chain of motion, causing indirect problems in adjacent joints. We investigated the effects of short foot exercise (SFE) using visual feedback on the static balance and function of proximal joints in subjects with flexible flat feet.
METHOD AND ANALYSIS
This study involved 30 participants who were assigned to either of the 2 groups: the flexible flatfoot group (n = 15, 8 men and 7 women, aged 22.00 ± 2.07 years) and normal foot group (n = 15, 7 men and 8 women, aged 22.13 ± 1.55 years). All subjects performed the SFE with visual feedback. SFE programs were performed 20 minutes a day, 5 times a week, for a total of 5 weeks. The static balance and accuracy of knee joint motions were compared before and after training.
RESULTS
There was a significant difference in static balance pre- and post-exercise in the flatfoot group but not in the normal foot group. Moreover, in the flatfoot group, the accuracy of knee joint motions was significantly different between pre- and post-exercise in the closed chain but not in the open chain.
CONCLUSION
This study examined the influence of SFE using visual feedback on the balance and accuracy of knee joint movements in subjects with flatfoot and demonstrated that this exercise, using visual feedback, improved the balance and accuracy of knee movement.
Topics: Biomechanical Phenomena; Exercise Therapy; Feedback, Sensory; Female; Flatfoot; Humans; Knee Joint; Male; Postural Balance; Prospective Studies; Young Adult
PubMed: 32221061
DOI: 10.1097/MD.0000000000019260 -
British Journal of Sports Medicine Nov 2023
Topics: Humans; Flatfoot; Foot; Biomechanical Phenomena
PubMed: 37586781
DOI: 10.1136/bjsports-2023-107183 -
Foot and Ankle Clinics Jun 2020Stage 4 flatfoot represents only a small proportion of flatfoot cases and is likely to become even rarer. The evidence base to guide treatment is limited to case series... (Review)
Review
Stage 4 flatfoot represents only a small proportion of flatfoot cases and is likely to become even rarer. The evidence base to guide treatment is limited to case series and expert opinion. Therefore, a pragmatic approach to treatment must be taken. Low-demand individuals may manage well with conservative treatment. Surgical management is complex, likely to require staging, and has a significant complication profile. Patients should be fully informed and understanding of this. First principles of surgery should be followed, including restoring hindfoot and ankle joint alignment, appropriate soft tissue balancing, and optimizing function by limiting arthrodeses and subsequent stiffness.
Topics: Flatfoot; Humans; Orthopedic Procedures; Orthotic Devices; Posterior Tibial Tendon Dysfunction
PubMed: 32381314
DOI: 10.1016/j.fcl.2020.02.002 -
MMW Fortschritte Der Medizin Apr 2023
Review
Topics: Humans; Adult; Flatfoot; Biomechanical Phenomena
PubMed: 37016237
DOI: 10.1007/s15006-023-2487-x -
MMW Fortschritte Der Medizin Apr 2023