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The Veterinary Record Feb 2022
Topics: Animals; Veterinary Medicine
PubMed: 35188249
DOI: 10.1002/vetr.1489 -
Veterinary Research Communications Nov 2020Antimicrobial resistance is a worldwide spread phenomenon that affects both human and veterinary medicine. This issue has led to a "One Health" approach in order to... (Review)
Review
Antimicrobial resistance is a worldwide spread phenomenon that affects both human and veterinary medicine. This issue has led to a "One Health" approach in order to coordinate efforts and set back the development of drug-resistant microbes. In the search for alternatives therapies, bacteriocins or antimicrobial peptides have proven to be effective both in vitro and in vivo for multiples pathogens, even those resistant to many classic antibiotics. Gram-positive bacteriocins have been the most studied to the present. The use of bacteriocins as therapeutically active molecules is limited mainly due to difficulties in production, purification, delivery systems and regulatory approvals. To overcome some of these limitations, biotechnological and nanotechnological approaches are evaluated. Bacteriocins proved to be a good complement for conventional antibiotics therapy. Antimicrobial peptides are nowadays included in the veterinary products such as udder disinfectant for dairy cattle and dermatological medicated wipe for topical use on dogs, cats, and horses. But there are other potential uses to explore in the veterinary field for both companion and production animals.
Topics: Anti-Infective Agents; Bacteriocins; Gram-Positive Bacteria; Veterinary Medicine
PubMed: 32656740
DOI: 10.1007/s11259-020-09776-x -
Journal of Medical Entomology Sep 2020
Topics: Animals; Cities; Entomology; Humans; Medicine; Veterinary Medicine
PubMed: 32667044
DOI: 10.1093/jme/tjaa123 -
The Veterinary Record Sep 2021
Topics: Animals; Veterinary Medicine
PubMed: 34558713
DOI: 10.1002/vetr.976 -
Veterinary Pathology Sep 2021
Topics: Animals; Education, Veterinary; Pathology, Veterinary; Veterinary Medicine
PubMed: 34196248
DOI: 10.1177/03009858211027357 -
Tierarztliche Praxis. Ausgabe K,... Oct 2019
Topics: Aged; Awards and Prizes; Dentistry; Dentists; Germany; Humans; Male; Societies, Veterinary; Veterinarians; Veterinary Medicine
PubMed: 31627232
DOI: 10.1055/a-1014-8054 -
Preventive Veterinary Medicine Jul 2020This paper reviews experiences with participatory epidemiology (PE) and focuses in pastoralist areas of Africa where much of the early development and... (Review)
Review
This paper reviews experiences with participatory epidemiology (PE) and focuses in pastoralist areas of Africa where much of the early development and institutionalization of PE occurred. The paper discusses the importance of context when designing PE activities and framing study questions, and uses the example of changing livelihoods in pastoralist areas, and marked wealth and gender differences within communities. By reference to a recently proposed definition of PE that includes community empowerment, the paper describes the marked socio-economic and gender differentiation in pastoralist communities. In these contexts, questions of "disease control for who?" and "empowerment for who?" arise, as does the need to move beyond the concept of communities as homogenous social and economic units. By reference to the persistent complex emergencies and other humanitarian crises, the paper discusses community participation and how functional participation in programmes and PE can contribute to successful livestock disease control. In contrast, empowering forms of participation are difficult to achieve in humanitarian contexts and might not be needed to achieve effective livestock disease control. In non-humanitarian contexts, and secure countries with stable governments, national control programmes for important transboundary or zoonotic diseases usually require control strategies that can be applied consistently across areas, and with disease policy, funding, coordination and implementation controlled centrally. In contrast, empowerment in PE implies local, community-level decision-making and control of resources. The paper also discusses importance of designing PE studies that focus on action, and participatory evaluation of new or adapted disease control methods with communities.
Topics: Africa; Animals; Community Participation; Community-Based Participatory Research; Epidemiologic Methods; Veterinary Medicine
PubMed: 32474333
DOI: 10.1016/j.prevetmed.2020.105026 -
Journal of Equine Veterinary Science May 2023A core group of 27 equine nutritionists and physiologists joined together in the late 1960s to formally address and enhance the direction of equine research, creating... (Review)
Review
A core group of 27 equine nutritionists and physiologists joined together in the late 1960s to formally address and enhance the direction of equine research, creating the Equine Nutrition and Physiology Society. In 2003, that growing society transformed into the Equine Science Society, which now serves as the preeminent, internationally recognized scientific equine organization. In recent years, it has been appreciated that equine science encompasses a wide range of focus areas, including exercise science, nutrition, genetics, reproductive physiology, teaching and extension, production and management, and mix of other specialties, qualified as biosciences. Additionally, trainees are highly valued in the society, with the clear understanding that young people are the future of equine science. Amongst tightening budgets, equine researchers must focus on timely dissemination of high-quality research studies and development of strong, interdisciplinary, cross-species, and multi-institutional collaborations to ensure sustainability of academic research programs. With a little creativity, equine science will continue to thrive for the betterment of the horse and all involved in the equine industry.
Topics: Animals; Horses; Veterinary Medicine
PubMed: 37236727
DOI: 10.1016/j.jevs.2023.104297 -
The Veterinary Record Oct 2022
Topics: Animals; Veterinary Medicine
PubMed: 36269243
DOI: 10.1002/vetr.2346 -
Veterinary Research Mar 2021Leveraging artificial intelligence (AI) approaches in animal health (AH) makes it possible to address highly complex issues such as those encountered in quantitative and... (Review)
Review
Leveraging artificial intelligence (AI) approaches in animal health (AH) makes it possible to address highly complex issues such as those encountered in quantitative and predictive epidemiology, animal/human precision-based medicine, or to study host × pathogen interactions. AI may contribute (i) to diagnosis and disease case detection, (ii) to more reliable predictions and reduced errors, (iii) to representing more realistically complex biological systems and rendering computing codes more readable to non-computer scientists, (iv) to speeding-up decisions and improving accuracy in risk analyses, and (v) to better targeted interventions and anticipated negative effects. In turn, challenges in AH may stimulate AI research due to specificity of AH systems, data, constraints, and analytical objectives. Based on a literature review of scientific papers at the interface between AI and AH covering the period 2009-2019, and interviews with French researchers positioned at this interface, the present study explains the main AH areas where various AI approaches are currently mobilised, how it may contribute to renew AH research issues and remove methodological or conceptual barriers. After presenting the possible obstacles and levers, we propose several recommendations to better grasp the challenge represented by the AH/AI interface. With the development of several recent concepts promoting a global and multisectoral perspective in the field of health, AI should contribute to defract the different disciplines in AH towards more transversal and integrative research.
Topics: Animals; Artificial Intelligence; Delivery of Health Care; Veterinary Medicine
PubMed: 33676570
DOI: 10.1186/s13567-021-00902-4