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Trends in Microbiology Jan 2020
Topics: Foodborne Diseases; Gene Transfer, Horizontal; Genome, Bacterial; Hemorrhagic Septicemia; Humans; Phylogeny; Vibrio Infections; Vibrio vulnificus; Wound Infection
PubMed: 31519331
DOI: 10.1016/j.tim.2019.08.006 -
Advances in Experimental Medicine and... 2023V. vulnificus, continues being an underestimated yet lethal zoonotic pathogen. In this chapter, we provide a comprehensive review of numerous aspects of the biology,... (Review)
Review
V. vulnificus, continues being an underestimated yet lethal zoonotic pathogen. In this chapter, we provide a comprehensive review of numerous aspects of the biology, epidemiology, and virulence mechanisms of this poorly understood pathogen. We will emphasize the widespread role of horizontal gene transfer in V. vulnificus specifically virulence plasmids and draw parallels from aquaculture farms to human health. By placing current findings in the context of climate change, we will also contend that fish farms act as evolutionary drivers that accelerate species evolution and the emergence of new virulent groups. Overall, we suggest that on-farm control measures should be adopted both to protect animals from Vibriosis, and also as a public health measure to prevent the emergence of new zoonotic groups.
Topics: Humans; Animals; Vibrio vulnificus; Vibrio Infections; Aquaculture; Gene Transfer, Horizontal; Virulence
PubMed: 36792876
DOI: 10.1007/978-3-031-22997-8_9 -
Future Microbiology Apr 2023is a fatal, opportunistic human pathogen transmitted through the consumption of raw/undercooked seafood or direct contact. infection progresses rapidly and has severe... (Review)
Review
is a fatal, opportunistic human pathogen transmitted through the consumption of raw/undercooked seafood or direct contact. infection progresses rapidly and has severe consequences; some cases may require amputation or result in death. Growing evidence suggests that virulence factors and regulators play a large role in disease progression, involving host resistance, cellular damage, iron acquisition, virulence regulation and host immune responses. Its disease mechanism remains largely undefined. Further evaluation of pathogenic mechanisms is important for selecting appropriate measures to prevent and treat infection. In this review, the possible pathogenesis of infection is described to provide a reference for treatment and prevention.
Topics: Humans; Vibrio Infections; Vibrio vulnificus; Virulence; Virulence Factors
PubMed: 37158065
DOI: 10.2217/fmb-2022-0243 -
Marine Drugs Dec 2021is a Gram-negative pathogenic bacterium that causes serious infections in humans and requires iron for growth. A clinical isolate, . M2799, secretes a catecholate... (Review)
Review
is a Gram-negative pathogenic bacterium that causes serious infections in humans and requires iron for growth. A clinical isolate, . M2799, secretes a catecholate siderophore, vulnibactin, that captures ferric ions from the environment. In the ferric-utilization system in . M2799, an isochorismate synthase (ICS) and an outer membrane receptor, VuuA, are required under low-iron conditions, but alternative proteins FatB and VuuB can function as a periplasmic-binding protein and a ferric-chelate reductase, respectively. The vulnibactin-export system is assembled from TolCV1 and several RND proteins, including VV1_1681. In heme acquisition, HupA and HvtA serve as specific outer membrane receptors and HupB is a sole periplasmic-binding protein, unlike FatB in the ferric-vulnibactin utilization system. We propose that ferric-siderophore periplasmic-binding proteins and ferric-chelate reductases are potential targets for drug discovery in infectious diseases.
Topics: Animals; Aquatic Organisms; Ions; Iron; Periplasmic Binding Proteins; Vibrio vulnificus
PubMed: 34940709
DOI: 10.3390/md19120710 -
Frontiers in Microbiology 2021Foodborne illness caused by pathogenic Vibrios is generally associated with the consumption of raw or undercooked seafood. Fish and other seafood can be contaminated... (Review)
Review
Foodborne illness caused by pathogenic Vibrios is generally associated with the consumption of raw or undercooked seafood. Fish and other seafood can be contaminated with Vibrio species, natural inhabitants of the marine, estuarine, and freshwater environment. Pathogenic Vibrios of major public health concerns are , , and . Common symptoms of foodborne Vibrio infection include watery diarrhea, stomach cramping, nausea, vomiting, fever, and chills. Administration of oral or intravenous rehydration salts solution is the mainstay for the management of cholera, and antibiotics are also used to shorten the duration of diarrhea and to limit further transmission of the disease. Currently, doxycycline, azithromycin, or ciprofloxacin are commonly used for , and doxycycline or quinolone are administered for , whereas doxycycline and a third-generation cephalosporin are recommended for as initial treatment regimen. The emergence of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) in Vibrios is increasingly common across the globe and a decrease in the effectiveness of commonly available antibiotics poses a global threat to public health. Recent progress in comparative genomic studies suggests that the genomes of the drug-resistant Vibrios harbor mobile genetic elements like plasmids, integrating conjugative elements, superintegron, transposable elements, and insertion sequences, which are the major carriers of genetic determinants encoding antimicrobial resistance. These mobile genetic elements are highly dynamic and could potentially propagate to other bacteria through horizontal gene transfer (HGT). To combat the serious threat of rising AMR, it is crucial to develop strategies for robust surveillance, use of new/novel pharmaceuticals, and prevention of antibiotic misuse.
PubMed: 34276582
DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.638331 -
Disease Models & Mechanisms Aug 2023Transgene driven expression of Escherichia coli nitroreductase (NTR1.0) renders animal cells susceptible to the antibiotic metronidazole (MTZ). Many NTR1.0/MTZ ablation...
Transgene driven expression of Escherichia coli nitroreductase (NTR1.0) renders animal cells susceptible to the antibiotic metronidazole (MTZ). Many NTR1.0/MTZ ablation tools have been reported in zebrafish, which have significantly impacted regeneration studies. However, NTR1.0-based tools are not appropriate for modeling chronic cell loss as prolonged application of the required MTZ dose (10 mM) is deleterious to zebrafish health. We established that this dose corresponds to the median lethal dose (LD50) of MTZ in larval and adult zebrafish and that it induced intestinal pathology. NTR2.0 is a more active nitroreductase engineered from Vibrio vulnificus NfsB that requires substantially less MTZ to induce cell ablation. Here, we report on the generation of two new NTR2.0-based zebrafish lines in which acute β-cell ablation can be achieved without MTZ-associated intestinal pathology. For the first time, we were able to sustain β-cell loss and maintain elevated glucose levels (chronic hyperglycemia) in larvae and adults. Adult fish showed significant weight loss, consistent with the induction of a diabetic state, indicating that this paradigm will allow the modeling of diabetes and associated pathologies.
Topics: Animals; Zebrafish; Hyperglycemia; Metronidazole; Diabetes Mellitus; Nitroreductases; Animals, Genetically Modified
PubMed: 37401381
DOI: 10.1242/dmm.050215 -
Foods (Basel, Switzerland) Jan 2022Oregano essential oil (OEO) is an effective natural antibacterial agent, but its antibacterial activity against has not been widely studied. The aim of this study was...
Oregano essential oil (OEO) is an effective natural antibacterial agent, but its antibacterial activity against has not been widely studied. The aim of this study was to investigate the inhibitory effect and germicidal activity of OEO on and its possible inhibition mechanism. The minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) and minimum bactericidal concentrations (MBCs) of OEO against four strains (ATCC 27562 and three isolates from seafoods) were from 0.06 to 0.15 μL/mL. Compared with untreated bacteria, OEO reduced the concentration of intracellular adenosine triphosphate (ATP), hyperpolarized the cell membrane, increased the level of reactive oxygen species (ROS), and increased the concentration of intracellular malondialdehyde (MDA), but there was no obvious DNA damage at the OEO test concentration. It was indicated that OEO inactivated by generating ROS which caused lipid peroxidation of cell membranes, thereby reducing the permeability and integrity of cell membranes and causing morphological changes to cells, but there was no obvious damage to DNA. In addition, OEO could effectively kill in oysters at 25 °C, and the number of bacteria decreased by 48.2% after 0.09% OEO treatment for 10 h. The good inhibitory effect and bactericidal activity of OEO showed in this study, and the economy and security of OEO make it possible to apply OEO to control contamination in oysters and other seafoods.
PubMed: 35159553
DOI: 10.3390/foods11030403 -
Advances in Experimental Medicine and... 2023The Vibrionaceae is a highly diverse family of aquatic bacteria. Some members of this ubiquitous group can cause a variety of diseases in humans ranging from cholera...
The Vibrionaceae is a highly diverse family of aquatic bacteria. Some members of this ubiquitous group can cause a variety of diseases in humans ranging from cholera caused by Vibrio cholerae, severe septicemia caused by Vibrio vulnificus, to acute gastroenteritis by Vibrio parahaemolyticus. Planet Earth is experiencing unprecedented changes of planetary scale associated with climate change. These environmental perturbations paired with overpopulation and pollution are increasing the distribution of pathogenic Vibrios and exacerbating the risk of causing infections. In this chapter, we discuss various aspects of Vibrio infections within the context of the twenty-first century with a major emphasis on the aforementioned pathogenic species. Overall, we believe that the twenty-first century is posed to be both one full of challenges due to the rise of these pathogens, and also a catalyst for innovative and groundbreaking discoveries.
Topics: Humans; Vibrio Infections; Vibrio cholerae; Vibrio parahaemolyticus; Vibrio vulnificus; Cholera
PubMed: 36792868
DOI: 10.1007/978-3-031-22997-8_1 -
Scientific Reports Mar 2023Vibrio vulnificus is an opportunistic bacterial pathogen, occurring in warm low-salinity waters. V. vulnificus wound infections due to seawater exposure are infrequent...
Vibrio vulnificus is an opportunistic bacterial pathogen, occurring in warm low-salinity waters. V. vulnificus wound infections due to seawater exposure are infrequent but mortality rates are high (~ 18%). Seawater bacterial concentrations are increasing but changing disease pattern assessments or climate change projections are rare. Here, using a 30-year database of V. vulnificus cases for the Eastern USA, changing disease distribution was assessed. An ecological niche model was developed, trained and validated to identify links to oceanographic and climate data. This model was used to predict future disease distribution using data simulated by seven Global Climate Models (GCMs) which belong to the newest Coupled Model Intercomparison Project (CMIP6). Risk was estimated by calculating the total population within 200 km of the disease distribution. Predictions were generated for different "pathways" of global socioeconomic development which incorporate projections of greenhouse gas emissions and demographic change. In Eastern USA between 1988 and 2018, V. vulnificus wound infections increased eightfold (10-80 cases p.a.) and the northern case limit shifted northwards 48 km p.a. By 2041-2060, V. vulnificus infections may expand their current range to encompass major population centres around New York (40.7°N). Combined with a growing and increasingly elderly population, annual case numbers may double. By 2081-2100 V. vulnificus infections may be present in every Eastern USA State under medium-to-high future emissions and warming. The projected expansion of V. vulnificus wound infections stresses the need for increased individual and public health awareness in these areas.
Topics: Humans; Aged; Vibrio vulnificus; Vibrio Infections; North America; Wound Infection
PubMed: 36959189
DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-28247-2