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BMC Microbiology Oct 2022A visual, rapid, simple method was developed based on a loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) assay to detect Vibrio vulnificus in aquatic products and...
BACKGROUND
A visual, rapid, simple method was developed based on a loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) assay to detect Vibrio vulnificus in aquatic products and aquaculture waters.
RESULTS
Genomic DNA was extracted from Vibrio vulnificus using the boiling method, and optimized primers were used to detect the gyrB gene using a visual LAMP method. The sensitivity of the assay was 10 fg/μL, and the obtained results were stable and reliable. Out of 655 aquatic product samples and 558 aquaculture water samples, the positive rates of Vibrio vulnificus detection were 9.01% and 8.60%, respectively, which are markedly higher than those of the traditional culture identification methods.
CONCLUSION
The relatively simple technical requirements, low equipment cost, and rapid detection make the visual LAMP method for the detection of Vibrio vulnificus a convenient choice for field detection in the aquaculture industry.
Topics: Vibrio vulnificus; Water; Sensitivity and Specificity; Nucleic Acid Amplification Techniques
PubMed: 36271365
DOI: 10.1186/s12866-022-02656-1 -
Emerging Infectious Diseases Dec 2022Noncholera vibriosis is a rare, opportunistic bacterial infection caused by Vibrio spp. other than V. cholerae O1/O139 and diagnosed mainly during the hot summer months... (Review)
Review
Noncholera vibriosis is a rare, opportunistic bacterial infection caused by Vibrio spp. other than V. cholerae O1/O139 and diagnosed mainly during the hot summer months in patients after seaside activities. Detailed knowledge of circulating pathogenic strains and heterogeneities in infection outcomes and disease dynamics may help in patient management. We conducted a multicenter case-series study documenting Vibrio infections in 67 patients from 8 hospitals in the Bay of Biscay, France, over a 19-year period. Infections were mainly caused by V. alginolyticus (34%), V. parahaemolyticus (30%), non-O1/O139 V. cholerae (15%), and V. vulnificus (10%). Drug-susceptibility testing revealed intermediate and resistant strains to penicillins and first-generation cephalosporins. The acute infections (e.g., those involving digestive disorder, cellulitis, osteitis, pneumonia, and endocarditis) led to a life-threatening event (septic shock), amputation, or death in 36% of patients. Physicians may need to add vibriosis to their list of infections to assess in patients with associated risk factors.
Topics: Humans; Bays; Vibrio Infections; Vibrio cholerae; Vibrio; Penicillins; Multicenter Studies as Topic
PubMed: 36418019
DOI: 10.3201/eid2812.220748 -
Journal of Korean Medical Science Mar 2022infection is a highly fatal disease resulting from the consumption of raw or undercooked seafood and exposure to seawater containing the organism. It has been a...
BACKGROUND
infection is a highly fatal disease resulting from the consumption of raw or undercooked seafood and exposure to seawater containing the organism. It has been a nationally notifiable disease since 2000 in Korea. The aims of this study were to assess the trends in the incidence of infection and its case fatality rate and to determine the epidemiologic characteristics to effectively prevent infection and lower mortality.
METHODS
We analyzed the incidence trends of infection by year, month, and region in 913 cases reported to the Korea Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (KCDC, currently Korea Disease Control and Prevention Agency) by the National Infectious Disease Surveillance System from 2001 to 2016. We analyzed the number of patients with infection who were under the National Health Insurance Service (NHIS) and whose coastal seawater temperature data were provided by the Korea Oceanographic Data Center of the National Institute of Fisheries Science. Epidemiological investigations were followed up and analyzed for 761 patients from 2003 to 2016. A total of 152 patients who were not followed up were excluded from the analysis. The case fatality rate was analyzed for 325 cases reported to the KCDC from 2011 to 2016.
RESULTS
The mean incidence of infection was 0.12 per 100,000 people, and the highest incidence was reported in September (41.1%) during the study period. The incidence rate per 100,000 people was the highest in Jeonnam (8.23). The number of patients who claimed to the NHIS was the highest in September (105 patients). The average seawater temperature was the highest at 24.1°C in August, and the average seawater temperature from August to October, when many cases occurred, was 22.4°C. The male-to-female ratio was 6:1, and 96.4% of the patients were aged ≥ 40 years. Of the patients, 96.1% had underlying diseases, the most common of which was liver cirrhosis (56.3%). The case fatality rate was 48.9%.
CONCLUSION
The occurrence of infection showed distinct seasonality, with a large number of cases occurring in the months when the seawater temperature was high; there were also distinct geographical characteristics. The incidence of infection and mortality rates have not decreased for decades, and it is still an important public health problem with a high fatality rate.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Databases, Factual; Female; Humans; Incidence; Male; Middle Aged; Republic of Korea; Vibrio Infections
PubMed: 35257530
DOI: 10.3346/jkms.2022.37.e79 -
Archives of Microbiology May 2023In recent years, trade liberalisation has led to the spread of antibiotic-resistant bacteria (ARB) in food products. Because ARB has reportedly been found in imported...
In recent years, trade liberalisation has led to the spread of antibiotic-resistant bacteria (ARB) in food products. Because ARB has reportedly been found in imported foods, the spread of plasmid-mediated ARB through food products is a concern. Here, we report the complete genome sequences of ESBL-producing Vibrio vulnificus and V. alginolyticus strains harbouring a plasmid isolated from imported seafood. First, V. vulnificus and V. alginolyticus were isolated from purchased frozen and thawed Litopenaeus vannamei shrimp, and genome extraction and sequencing were performed. Hybrid genome assemblies were performed using Unicycler and annotated using DFAST. Then genome analysis was performed using BRIG. Plasmid comparisons showed that the plasmids carried by both Vibrios are remarkably similar and encode the same antibiotic-resistance genes. The 270-310 kb region specific to both Vibrios were isolated in this study and encodes the antibiotic-resistance genes bla and qnr. Furthermore, the mobile genetic factors ISEc9, ISVch4, and ISVpa4 are located upstream and downstream of these genes. This is the first report of ESBL-producing V. vulnificus and V. alginolyticus harbouring a common plasmid encoding ISEc9 upstream of bla and qnrS2 isolated from imported seafood.
Topics: Vibrio vulnificus; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Angiotensin Receptor Antagonists; Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors; Plasmids; Vibrio; Seafood; beta-Lactamases
PubMed: 37198473
DOI: 10.1007/s00203-023-03569-x -
Frontiers in Microbiology 2023is an opportunistic, global pathogen that naturally inhabits sea water and is responsible for most vibriosis-related deaths. We investigated the genetic characteristics...
is an opportunistic, global pathogen that naturally inhabits sea water and is responsible for most vibriosis-related deaths. We investigated the genetic characteristics of isolated from the clinical blood culture specimen of a patient with hepatitis B virus cirrhosis in 2018 (named as VV2018) by whole genome sequencing (WGS). VV2018 belonged to a novel sequencing type 620 (ST620) and comprised two circular chromosomes, containing 4,389 potential coding sequences (CDSs) and 152 RNA genes. The phylogenetic tree of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) using 26 representative genomes revealed that VV2108 grouped with two other strains isolated from humans. The pan-genome of was constructed using 26 representative genomes to elucidate their genetic diversity, evolutionary characteristics, and virulence and antibiotic resistance profiles. The pan-genome analysis revealed that VV2018 shared a total of 3,016 core genes (≥99% presence), including 115 core virulence factors (VFs) and 5 core antibiotic resistance-related genes, and 309 soft core genes (≥95 and <99% presence) with 25 other strains. The gene might account for the cefazolin resistance, and comparative analysis of the genetic context of revealed that two genes upstream and downstream of were conserved. The glycosylation () like genes were found in VV2018 compared with Pgl-related proteins in that might affect the adherence of the strain in hosts. The comparative analysis of VV2018 would contribute to a better understanding of the virulence and antibiotic resistance profiles of . Meanwhile much work remains to be done to better understand the function of -like genes in .
PubMed: 38029170
DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1240835 -
Cutis Nov 2021
Topics: Humans; Purpura Fulminans; Vibrio vulnificus
PubMed: 35100541
DOI: 10.12788/cutis.0395 -
Frontiers in Microbiology 2023Fluctuations in environmental physicochemical parameters can affect the diversity and prevalence of microbial communities, including vibrios, associated with aquatic...
INTRODUCTION
Fluctuations in environmental physicochemical parameters can affect the diversity and prevalence of microbial communities, including vibrios, associated with aquatic species and their surrounding environments. This study aimed to investigate the population dynamics of two species as well as the microbial community diversity of whole crab and seawater from the Maryland Coastal Bays (MCBs), using 16S rRNA sequencing.
METHODS
During this study, three crabs and 1 L of seawater were collected monthly from two sites for 3 months. Crab tissue was extracted and pooled for each site. Extracted crab tissue and seawater were analyzed for and using Most Probable Number (MPN) real-time PCR. For 16S rRNA microbiome analysis, three different DNA extraction kits were evaluated to extract microbial DNA from individual crabs. Also, 500 mL of each seawater sample was filtered for DNA extraction.
RESULTS
Results indicated that sample types and sampling periods had a significant effect on the alpha diversity of the microbial community of crabs and seawater ( < 0.05); however, no statistical difference was found between DNA extraction kits. Beta diversity analysis also found that the microbial compositions between sample types and temporal distributions were statistically significant. Taxonomic classification revealed that Proteobacteria, Cyanobacteria, Actinobacteria, and Bacteroidetes were present in both crab and seawater samples. and were also detected in both crab and seawater samples, although crabs contained a higher concentration of the bacterium compared to the seawater samples. It was found that vibrios were not a dominant species in the microbial community of crab or seawater samples.
DISCUSSION
Results from this study provide further insight into species diversity and phylogenetic compositions of blue crabs and seawater from the MCBs. These approaches will help in risk assessments that are essential in the overall advancement of public health.
PubMed: 37854338
DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1235070 -
Frontiers in Cell and Developmental... 2020The marine bacterium causes potentially fatal bloodstream infections, typically in patients with chronic liver diseases. The inflammatory response and anti-bacterial...
The marine bacterium causes potentially fatal bloodstream infections, typically in patients with chronic liver diseases. The inflammatory response and anti-bacterial function of phagocytes are crucial for limiting bacterial infection in the human hosts. How affects macrophages after phagocytosis is unclear. In this report, we found that the bactericidal activity of macrophages to internalize was dependent on mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) and NOD-like receptor (NLR) family pyrin domain containing 3 (NLRP3) interaction. Additionally, the NLRP3 expression was dependent on mTORC1 activation. Inhibited mTORC1 or absence of NLRP3 in macrophages impaired -induced phagosome acidification and phagolysosome formation, leading to a reduction of intracellular bacterial clearance. mTORC1 signaling overactivation could increase NLRP3 expression and restore insufficient phagosome acidification. Together, these findings indicate that the intracellular bactericidal activity of macrophages responding to infection is tightly controlled by the crosstalk of NLRP3 and mTOR and provide critical insight into the host bactericidal activity basis of clearance of through lyso/phagosome.
PubMed: 33117816
DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2020.587961 -
Environmental Microbiology Dec 2021Vibrio spp. thrive in warm water and moderate salinity, and they are associated with aquatic invertebrates, notably crustaceans and zooplankton. At least 12 Vibrio spp.... (Review)
Review
Vibrio spp. thrive in warm water and moderate salinity, and they are associated with aquatic invertebrates, notably crustaceans and zooplankton. At least 12 Vibrio spp. are known to cause infection in humans, and Vibrio cholerae is well documented as the etiological agent of pandemic cholera. Pathogenic non-cholera Vibrio spp., e.g., Vibrio parahaemolyticus and Vibrio vulnificus, cause gastroenteritis, septicemia, and other extra-intestinal infections. Incidence of vibriosis is rising globally, with evidence that anthropogenic factors, primarily emissions of carbon dioxide associated with atmospheric warming and more frequent and intense heatwaves, significantly influence environmental parameters, e.g., temperature, salinity, and nutrients, all of which can enhance growth of Vibrio spp. in aquatic ecosystems. It is not possible to eliminate Vibrio spp., as they are autochthonous to the aquatic environment and many play a critical role in carbon and nitrogen cycling. Risk prediction models provide an early warning that is essential for safeguarding public health. This is especially important for regions of the world vulnerable to infrastructure instability, including lack of 'water, sanitation, and hygiene' (WASH), and a less resilient infrastructure that is vulnerable to natural calamity, e.g., hurricanes, floods, and earthquakes, and/or social disruption and civil unrest, arising from war, coups, political crisis, and economic recession. Incorporating environmental, social, and behavioural parameters into such models allows improved prediction, particularly of cholera epidemics. We have reported that damage to WASH infrastructure, coupled with elevated air temperatures and followed by above average rainfall, promotes exposure of a population to contaminated water and increases the risk of an outbreak of cholera. Interestingly, global predictive risk models successful for cholera have the potential, with modification, to predict diseases caused by other clinically relevant Vibrio spp. In the research reported here, the focus was on environmental parameters associated with incidence and distribution of clinically relevant Vibrio spp. and their role in disease transmission. In addition, molecular methods designed for detection and enumeration proved useful for predictive modelling and are described, namely in the context of prediction of environmental conditions favourable to Vibrio spp., hence human health risk.
Topics: Environment; Humans; Incidence; Vibrio; Vibrio Infections
PubMed: 34390611
DOI: 10.1111/1462-2920.15716 -
Archives of Microbiology Oct 2022Glycogen is important for transmission of V. vulnificus undergoing disparate environments of nutrient-rich host and nutrient-limited marine environment. The malZ gene of...
Glycogen is important for transmission of V. vulnificus undergoing disparate environments of nutrient-rich host and nutrient-limited marine environment. The malZ gene of V. vulnificus encoding a maltodextrin glucosidase was cloned and over-expressed in E. coli to investigate its roles in glycogen/maltodextrin metabolism in the pathogen. The malZ gene encoded a protein with a predicted molecular mass of 70 kDa. The optimal pH and temperature of MalZ was 7.0 and 37 °C, respectively. MalZ hydrolyzed maltodextrin to glucose and maltose most efficiently, while hydrolyzed other substrates such as starch, maltose, β-cyclomaltodextrin, and glycogen less efficiently. The activity was enhanced greatly by Mn. It also exhibited transglycosylation activity toward excessive maltotriose. The malZ knock-out mutant accumulated 2.3-5.6-fold less glycogen than the wild type when excessive maltodextrin or glucose was added to LB medium, while it accumulated more glycogen than the wild type (3.5-fold) in the presence of excessive maltose. Growth and glycogen accumulation of the mutant were retarded most significantly in the M63 minimal medium supplemented with 0.5% maltodextrin. Side chain length distributions of glycogen molecules were varied by the malZ mutation and types of the excessive carbon source. Based on the results, MalZ of V. vulnificus was likely to be involved in maltose/maltodextrin metabolism, thereby balancing synthesis of glycogen and energy generation in the cell. The bacterium seemed to have multiple and unique pathways for glycogen metabolism according to carbon sources.
Topics: Carbon; Escherichia coli; Escherichia coli Proteins; Glucose; Glucosidases; Glycogen; Glycoside Hydrolases; Maltose; Polysaccharides; Starch; Vibrio vulnificus
PubMed: 36220932
DOI: 10.1007/s00203-022-03274-1