-
Environmental Microbiology Oct 2020The type VI secretion system (T6SS) is a proteinaceous weapon used by many Gram-negative bacteria to deliver toxins into adjacent target cells. Vibrio cholerae, the... (Review)
Review
The type VI secretion system (T6SS) is a proteinaceous weapon used by many Gram-negative bacteria to deliver toxins into adjacent target cells. Vibrio cholerae, the bacterium responsible for the fatal water-borne cholera disease, uses the T6SS to evade phagocytic eukaryotes, cause intestinal inflammation, and compete against other bacteria with toxins that disrupt lipid membranes, cell walls and actin cytoskeletons. The control of T6SS genes varies among V. cholerae strains and typically includes inputs from external signals and cues, such as quorum sensing and chitin availability. In the following review, we highlight the repertoire of toxic T6SS effectors and the diverse genetic regulation networks among different isolates of V. cholerae. Finally, we discuss the roles played by the T6SS of V. cholerae in both natural environments and hosts.
Topics: Animals; Bacterial Proteins; Bacterial Toxins; Host-Pathogen Interactions; Humans; Type VI Secretion Systems; Vibrio cholerae
PubMed: 32133757
DOI: 10.1111/1462-2920.14976 -
Environmental Microbiology Oct 2020The marine bacterium Vibrio natriegens is the fastest-growing non-pathogenic bacterium known to date and is gaining more and more attention as an alternative chassis... (Review)
Review
The marine bacterium Vibrio natriegens is the fastest-growing non-pathogenic bacterium known to date and is gaining more and more attention as an alternative chassis organism to Escherichia coli. A recent wave of synthetic biology efforts has focused on the establishment of molecular biology tools in this fascinating organism, now enabling exciting applications - from speeding up our everyday laboratory routines to increasing the pace of biotechnological production cycles. In this review, we seek to give a broad overview on the literature on V. natriegens, spanning all the way from its initial isolation to its latest applications. We discuss its natural ecological niche and interactions with other organisms, unveil some of its extraordinary traits, review its genomic organization and give insight into its diverse metabolism - key physiological insights required to further develop this organism into a synthetic biology chassis. By providing a comprehensive overview on the established genetic tools, methods and applications we highlight the current possibilities of this organism, but also identify some of the gaps that could drive future lines of research, hopefully stimulating the growth of the V. natriegens research community.
Topics: Bioreactors; Biotechnology; Escherichia coli; Synthetic Biology; Vibrio
PubMed: 32537803
DOI: 10.1111/1462-2920.15128 -
Trends in Microbiology Oct 2020
Topics: Bacterial Proteins; Humans; Vibrio Infections; Vibrio parahaemolyticus
PubMed: 32931744
DOI: 10.1016/j.tim.2020.02.008 -
Essays in Biochemistry Jul 2021Vibrio natriegens is emerging as a promising host for biotechnology which is basically due to the remarkable intrinsic properties such as the exceptionally high growth... (Review)
Review
Vibrio natriegens is emerging as a promising host for biotechnology which is basically due to the remarkable intrinsic properties such as the exceptionally high growth and substrate consumption rates. The facultatively anaerobic marine bacterium possesses a versatile metabolism, is able to utilize a variety of substrates as carbon and energy sources and is easy to handle in the lab. These features initiated the rapid development of genetic tools and resulted in extensive engineering of production strains in the past years. Although recent examples illustrate the potential of V. natriegens for biotechnology, a comprehensive understanding of the metabolism and its regulation is still lacking but essential to exploit the full potential of this bacterium. In this review, we summarize the current knowledge on the physiological traits and the genomic organization, provide an overview of the available genetic engineering tools and recent advances in metabolic engineering of V. natriegens. Finally, we discuss the obstacles which have to be overcome in order to establish V. natriegens as industrial production host.
Topics: Biotechnology; Metabolic Engineering; Synthetic Biology; Vibrio
PubMed: 33835156
DOI: 10.1042/EBC20200135 -
Marine Drugs Dec 2021is a Gram-negative pathogenic bacterium that causes serious infections in humans and requires iron for growth. A clinical isolate, . M2799, secretes a catecholate... (Review)
Review
is a Gram-negative pathogenic bacterium that causes serious infections in humans and requires iron for growth. A clinical isolate, . M2799, secretes a catecholate siderophore, vulnibactin, that captures ferric ions from the environment. In the ferric-utilization system in . M2799, an isochorismate synthase (ICS) and an outer membrane receptor, VuuA, are required under low-iron conditions, but alternative proteins FatB and VuuB can function as a periplasmic-binding protein and a ferric-chelate reductase, respectively. The vulnibactin-export system is assembled from TolCV1 and several RND proteins, including VV1_1681. In heme acquisition, HupA and HvtA serve as specific outer membrane receptors and HupB is a sole periplasmic-binding protein, unlike FatB in the ferric-vulnibactin utilization system. We propose that ferric-siderophore periplasmic-binding proteins and ferric-chelate reductases are potential targets for drug discovery in infectious diseases.
Topics: Animals; Aquatic Organisms; Ions; Iron; Periplasmic Binding Proteins; Vibrio vulnificus
PubMed: 34940709
DOI: 10.3390/md19120710 -
Environmental Microbiology Oct 2020In the marine environment, bivalve mollusks constitute habitats for bacteria of the Vibrionaceae family. Vibrios belong to the microbiota of healthy oysters and mussels,... (Review)
Review
In the marine environment, bivalve mollusks constitute habitats for bacteria of the Vibrionaceae family. Vibrios belong to the microbiota of healthy oysters and mussels, which have the ability to concentrate bacteria in their tissues and body fluids, including the hemolymph. Remarkably, these important aquaculture species respond differently to infectious diseases. While oysters are the subject of recurrent mass mortalities at different life stages, mussels appear rather resistant to infections. Thus, Vibrio species are associated with the main diseases affecting the worldwide oyster production. Here, we review the current knowledge on Vibrio-bivalve interaction in oysters (Crassostrea sp.) and mussels (Mytilus sp.). We discuss the transient versus stable associations of vibrios with their bivalve hosts as well as technical issues limiting the monitoring of these bacteria in bivalve health and disease. Based on the current knowledge of oyster/mussel immunity and their interactions with Vibrio species pathogenic for oyster, we discuss how differences in immune effectors could contribute to the higher resistance of mussels to infections. Finally, we review the multiple strategies evolved by pathogenic vibrios to circumvent the potent immune defences of bivalves and how key virulence mechanisms could have been positively or negatively selected in the marine environment through interactions with predators.
Topics: Animals; Crassostrea; Hemolymph; Host-Pathogen Interactions; Microbiota; Mytilus; Vibrio
PubMed: 32363732
DOI: 10.1111/1462-2920.15055 -
Journal of Bacteriology Nov 2020is a large and diverse genus of bacteria, of which most are nonpathogenic species found in the aquatic environment. However, a subset of the genus includes several... (Review)
Review
is a large and diverse genus of bacteria, of which most are nonpathogenic species found in the aquatic environment. However, a subset of the genus includes several species that are highly pathogenic, either to humans or to aquatic animals. In recent years, , commonly known as the zebrafish, has emerged as a major animal model used for studying nearly every aspect of biology, including infectious diseases. Zebrafish are especially useful because the embryos are transparent, larvae are small and facilitate imaging studies, and numerous transgenic fish strains have been constructed. Zebrafish models for several pathogenic species have been described, and indeed a fish model is highly relevant for the study of aquatic bacterial pathogens. Here, we summarize the zebrafish models that have been used to study pathogenic species to date.
Topics: Animals; Disease Models, Animal; Humans; Vibrio; Vibrio Infections; Virulence; Zebrafish
PubMed: 32778562
DOI: 10.1128/JB.00165-20 -
Frontiers in Cellular and Infection... 2020, the causative agent of cholera, could proliferate in aquatic environment and infect humans through contaminated food and water. Enormous microorganisms residing in... (Review)
Review
, the causative agent of cholera, could proliferate in aquatic environment and infect humans through contaminated food and water. Enormous microorganisms residing in human gastrointestinal tract establish a special microecological system, which immediately responds to the invasion of , through "colonization resistance" mechanisms, such as antimicrobial peptide production, nutrients competition, and intestinal barrier maintenances. Meanwhile, could quickly sense those signals and modulate the expression of relevant genes to circumvent those stresses during infection, leading to successful colonization on the surface of small intestinal epithelial cells. In this review, we summarized the crosstalks profiles between gut microbiota and in the terms of Type VI Secretion System (T6SS), Quorum Sensing (QS), Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS)/pH stress, and Bioactive metabolites. These mechanisms can also be applied to molecular bacterial pathogenesis of other pathogens in host.
Topics: Bacterial Proteins; Cholera; Gastrointestinal Microbiome; Gene Expression Regulation, Bacterial; Humans; Intestines; Type VI Secretion Systems; Vibrio cholerae
PubMed: 33194819
DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2020.582554 -
Microbiology (Reading, England) Nov 2020
Topics: Awards and Prizes; Biosensing Techniques; Cryptococcus neoformans; Directed Molecular Evolution; Drug Resistance, Bacterial; Homologous Recombination; Humans; Microbiology; Plant Diseases; Vibrio cholerae
PubMed: 33252324
DOI: 10.1099/mic.0.001005 -
Current Opinion in Microbiology Aug 2023Bacteriophages (phages) are viruses that specifically infect bacteria. These viruses were discovered a century ago and have been used as a model system in microbial... (Review)
Review
Bacteriophages (phages) are viruses that specifically infect bacteria. These viruses were discovered a century ago and have been used as a model system in microbial genetics and molecular biology. In order to survive, bacteria have to quickly adapt to phage challenges in their natural settings. In turn, phages continuously develop/evolve mechanisms for battling host defenses. A deeper understanding of the arms race between bacteria and phages is essential for the rational design of phage-based prophylaxis and therapies to prevent and treat bacterial infections. Vibrio species and their phages (vibriophages) are a suitable model to study these interactions. Phages are highly ubiquitous in aquatic environments and Vibrio are waterborne bacteria that must survive the constant attack by phages for successful transmission to their hosts. Here, we review relevant literature from the past two years to delve into the molecular interactions of Vibrio species and their phages in aquatic niches.
Topics: Bacteriophages; Vibrio
PubMed: 37062175
DOI: 10.1016/j.mib.2023.102308