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Environmental Science and Ecotechnology Apr 2023
PubMed: 36949895
DOI: 10.1016/j.ese.2023.100259 -
Toxicological Sciences : An Official... May 2023Alterations in physiological processes in pancreas have been associated with various metabolic dysfunctions and can result from environmental exposures, such as...
Alterations in physiological processes in pancreas have been associated with various metabolic dysfunctions and can result from environmental exposures, such as chemicals and diet. It was reported that environmental vinyl chloride (VC) exposure, a common industrial organochlorine and environmental pollutant, significantly exacerbated metabolic-related phenotypes in mice fed concurrently with high-fat diet (HFD) but not low-fat diet (LFD). However, little is known about the role of the pancreas in this interplay, especially at a proteomic level. The present study was undertaken to examine the protein responses to VC exposure in pancreas tissues of C57BL/6J mice fed LFD or HFD, with focus on the investigation of protein expression and/or phosphorylation levels of key protein biomarkers of carbohydrate, lipid, and energy metabolism, oxidative stress and detoxification, insulin secretion and regulation, cell growth, development, and communication, immunological responses and inflammation, and biomarkers of pancreatic diseases and cancers. We found that the protein alterations may indicate diet-mediated susceptibility in mouse pancreas induced by HFD to concurrent exposure of low levels of inhaled VC. These proteome biomarkers may lead to a better understanding of pancreas-mediated adaptive or adverse response and susceptibility to metabolic disease.
Topics: Animals; Mice; Proteome; Vinyl Chloride; Diet, High-Fat; Proteomics; Mice, Inbred C57BL; Pancreas; Biomarkers
PubMed: 36892438
DOI: 10.1093/toxsci/kfad024 -
Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology Oct 2019Vinyl chloride (VC) is a common industrial organochlorine, shown to cause hepatic angiosarcoma and hepatic steatosis. However, the role of endoplasmic reticulum stress...
Vinyl chloride (VC) is a common industrial organochlorine, shown to cause hepatic angiosarcoma and hepatic steatosis. However, the role of endoplasmic reticulum stress (ERS) and oxidative stress (OS) in hepatic steatosis after subchronic exposure to VC in mice, is unclear. Based on body weight, forty healthy SPF male C57BL/6 J mice were randomly divided into a control group and three VC exposure groups (57.3, 286.7, and 1433.6 ppm) (n = 10 each). VC was administered by static inhalation in a 50 L sealed plexiglass inhalation chamber for 2 h per day, five days per week for 16 weeks. Serum and liver tissues were analyzed for liver enzymes and lipids. Hepatic cytochrome P450 2E1 (CYP2E1) and OS related indicators malondialdehyde (MDA), glutathione (GSH), and superoxide dismutase (SOD) were measured. The mRNA expressions of ERS downstream genes, including glycoregulatory protein-78 (GRP-78), sterol regulatory element binding protein-1 (SREBP-1), Acetyl-CoA carboxylase (ACC), and fatty acid synthase (FAS) were detected by real-time PCR (RT-PCR) and their protein levels examined by western blotting. The CYP2E1 levels increased after VC administration in a dose-dependent manner. MDA levels increased (P < .05) and SOD and GSH levels decreased (P < .05) in the liver of each group with the increase in the dose of VC. ERS and expressions of downstream genes (GRP-78, SREBP-1, ACC, and FAS) were enhanced after VC administration. These results suggested that OS and ERS could be induced by VC, which may lead to an increase in fatty acid synthesis in the liver, further aggravating hepatic steatosis.
Topics: Acetyl-CoA Carboxylase; Administration, Inhalation; Animals; Cytochrome P-450 CYP2E1; Endoplasmic Reticulum Chaperone BiP; Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress; Fatty Liver; Heat-Shock Proteins; Liver; Male; Mice, Inbred C57BL; Oxidative Stress; Sterol Regulatory Element Binding Protein 1; Vinyl Chloride; fas Receptor
PubMed: 31445928
DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2019.114730 -
Polymers Feb 2021Poly(vinyl chloride) (PVC) undergoes photodegradation induced by ultraviolet (UV) irradiation; therefore, for outdoor applications, its photostability should be enhanced...
Poly(vinyl chloride) (PVC) undergoes photodegradation induced by ultraviolet (UV) irradiation; therefore, for outdoor applications, its photostability should be enhanced through the use of additives. Several carvedilol tin complexes were synthesized, characterized and mixed with PVC to produce thin films. These films were irradiated at 25 °C with a UV light (λ = 313 nm) for up to 300 h. The reduction in weight and changes in chemical structure and surface morphology of the PVC films were monitored. The films containing synthesized complexes showed less undesirable changes than the pure PVC film. Organotin with a high content of aromatics was particularly efficient in inhibiting photodegradation of PVC. The carvedilol tin complexes both absorbed UV light and scavenged radicals, hydrochloride, and peroxides and, therefore, photostabilized PVC.
PubMed: 33561971
DOI: 10.3390/polym13040500 -
International Journal of Environmental... Dec 2021Volatile organic compounds (VOCs) comprise various organic chemicals which are released as gases from different liquids or solids. The nature and impact of the health... (Review)
Review
Volatile organic compounds (VOCs) comprise various organic chemicals which are released as gases from different liquids or solids. The nature and impact of the health effects are dependent on the VOCs concentrations and, also, on the exposure time. VOCs are present in different household, industrial or commercial and products, but their accumulation in air and water has primarily gained attention. Among VOCs, trichloroethylene and vinyl chloride are the most toxic and carcinogenic compounds. In order to improve the indoor air and water quality, VOCs can be removed via efficient approaches involving nanomaterials, by using techniques such as adsorption, catalysis or photocatalysis. In the recent years, the development of manufacturing procedures, characterization techniques and testing processes has resulted in the growth of na-nomaterials obtaining and applications, creating great possibilities and also a tremendous prov-ocation in applying them for highly efficient VOCs removal. This review is intended to contrib-ute to the improvement of awareness and knowledge on the great potential that nanomaterials have in VOCs removal, in order a to improve indoor and outdoor environment, but also the worldwide water sources.
Topics: Air Pollutants; Air Pollution, Indoor; Environmental Monitoring; Environmental Pollutants; Nanostructures; Volatile Organic Compounds; Water Quality
PubMed: 34948756
DOI: 10.3390/ijerph182413147 -
Hepatic Medicine : Evidence and Research 2020Primary liver cancer has the sixth highest incidence and fourth highest cancer mortality worldwide. Hepatitis B is the leading cause of liver cancer, though its... (Review)
Review
Primary liver cancer has the sixth highest incidence and fourth highest cancer mortality worldwide. Hepatitis B is the leading cause of liver cancer, though its incidence is decreasing with vaccination. Alcohol is the leading cause of liver transplant, cirrhosis, and cancer in the developed world, and is projected to surpass hepatitis B as the leading hepatic cancer etiology worldwide. Tobacco smoking has shown a positive association with liver cancer in a majority of studies, though not all. Aflatoxin, a mycotoxin produced by , is estimated to account for 3-20% of global liver cancer cases, 40% of which occur in sub-Saharan Africa. These statistics are confounded by the prevalence of hepatitis B, which may have a synergistic effect on hepatic carcinogenesis. Aflatoxin is ingested and likely inhaled from agricultural products, placing farmers, food processors, and textile workers in developing nations at risk. Vinyl-chloride is used in the production of PVC plastics and causes rare liver angiosarcoma, hepatocellular carcinoma, and other neoplasms. Arsenic and cadmium are naturally-occurring, hepatocarcinogenic metals with high occupational exposure in industries involving coal, metals, plastics, and batteries. Millions of laborers in waste-disposal and manufacturing are exposed to organic solvents and N-nitrosamines, which vary from carcinogenic (group 1) to possibly carcinogenic (group 2B) in their IARC designation. Insecticide DDT is possibly hepatocarcinogenic (group 2B), though continues to be used for malaria control in the developing world. While suggested by case reports, anabolic steroids and oral contraceptives have not been shown to increase liver cancer risk in large studies.
PubMed: 33447099
DOI: 10.2147/HMER.S278070 -
Toxicology and Industrial Health Jun 2021Vinyl chloride (VC) is a confirmed human carcinogen associated with hepatocellular carcinoma and angiosarcoma. However, the role of microRNAs (miRNAs) in liver cell...
Vinyl chloride (VC) is a confirmed human carcinogen associated with hepatocellular carcinoma and angiosarcoma. However, the role of microRNAs (miRNAs) in liver cell cycle changes under VC exposure remains unclear, which prevents research on the mechanism of VC-induced carcinogenesis. In this study, male rats were injected intraperitoneally with VC (0, 5, 25, and 125 mg/kg body weight) for 6, 8, and 12 weeks. Cell cycle analysis of liver cells, miRNA-222, miRNA-199a, miRNA-195, and miRNA-125b expression in the liver and serum, and target protein expression were performed at different time points. The results showed a higher percentage of hepatocytes in the G1/G0 and S phases at the end of 6 and 12 weeks of VC exposure, respectively. MiRNA-222 expression decreased initially and then increased, whereas miRNA-199a, miRNA-195, and miRNA-125b expression increased initially and then decreased, which corresponded with changes in cell cycle distribution and related target proteins expression (p27, cyclinA, cyclinD1, and CDK6). The corresponding expression levels of miRNAs in serum did not change. Dynamic changes in miR-222, miR-199a, miR-195, and miR-125b induced by VC can lead to cell cycle deregulation by affecting cell cycle-related proteins, and these miRNAs can serve as early biomarkers for malignant transformation caused by VC.
Topics: Animals; Carcinoma, Hepatocellular; Cell Cycle; Gene Expression Profiling; Hepatocytes; Humans; Liver Neoplasms; MicroRNAs; Models, Animal; Rats; Vinyl Chloride
PubMed: 33973497
DOI: 10.1177/07482337211015591 -
Environmental Science & Technology Apr 2023Chlorinated paraffins (CPs) are used in many products, including soft poly(vinyl chloride) curtains, which are used in many indoor environments. Health hazards posed by...
Chlorinated paraffins (CPs) are used in many products, including soft poly(vinyl chloride) curtains, which are used in many indoor environments. Health hazards posed by CPs in curtains are poorly understood. Here, chamber tests and an indoor fugacity model were used to predict CP emissions from soft poly(vinyl chloride) curtains, and dermal uptake through direct contact was assessed using surface wipes. Short-chain and medium-chain CPs accounted for 30% by weight of the curtains. Evaporation drives CP migration, like for other semivolatile organic plasticizers, at room temperature. The CP emission rate to air was 7.09 ng/(cm h), and the estimated short-chain and medium-chain CP concentrations were 583 and 95.3 ng/m in indoor air 21.2 and 172 μg/g in dust, respectively. Curtains could be important indoor sources of CPs to dust and air. The calculated total daily CP intakes from air and dust were 165 ng/(kg day) for an adult and 514 ng/(kg day) for a toddler, and an assessment of dermal intake through direct contact indicated that touching just once could increase intake by 274 μg. The results indicated that curtains, which are common in houses, could pose considerable health risks through inhalation of and dermal contact with CPs.
Topics: Inhalation Exposure; Vinyl Chloride; Paraffin; Air Pollution, Indoor; Environmental Monitoring; Hydrocarbons, Chlorinated; Dust; China
PubMed: 36976867
DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.2c07040 -
Environmental Science & Technology Dec 2022Nanoplastics (NPs) have been successively detected in different environmental matrixes and have aroused great concern worldwide. However, the fate of NPs in real...
Nanoplastics (NPs) have been successively detected in different environmental matrixes and have aroused great concern worldwide. However, the fate of NPs in real environments such as seawater remains unclear, impeding their environmental risk assessment. Herein, multiple techniques were employed to monitor the particle number concentration, size, and morphology evolution of polystyrene NPs in seawater under simulated sunlight over a time course of 29 days. Aggregation was found to be a continuous process that occurred constantly and was markedly promoted by light irradiation. Moreover, the occurrence of NP swelling, fragmentation, and polymer leaching was evidenced by both transmission electron microscopy and scanning electron microscopy techniques. The statistical results of different transformation types suggested that swelling induces fragmentation and polymer leakage and that light irradiation plays a positive but not decisive role in this transformation. The observation of fragmentation and polymer leakage of poly(methyl methacrylate) and poly(vinyl chloride) NPs suggests that these transformation processes are general for NPs of different polymer types. Facilitated by the increase of surface functional groups, the ions in seawater could penetrate into NPs and then stretch the polymer structure, leading to the swelling phenomenon and other transformations.
Topics: Microplastics; Polymers; Seawater; Polystyrenes; Water Pollutants, Chemical; Nanoparticles
PubMed: 36480640
DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.2c05669 -
Scientific Reports Mar 2022To inhibit the agglomeration of nanotitanium dioxide, a poly (vinyl chloride) (PVC) composite film doped with folic acid-modified titanium dioxide was synthesized and...
To inhibit the agglomeration of nanotitanium dioxide, a poly (vinyl chloride) (PVC) composite film doped with folic acid-modified titanium dioxide was synthesized and characterized using X-ray powder diffraction, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and thermogravimetric analysis coupled with Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. The average grain size of the folic acid-modified titanium dioxide was found to decrease by 1.3 nm, indicating that the cohesiveness of the nanoparticles is decreased. The lowest temperature for 1.0% thermal decomposition of PVC was determined to be 230.0 °C. The decomposition rate at the peak temperature is found to be 39.6% lower than that of a control sample. The stability of the PVC is improved due to a lower number of surface chlorine atoms as well intermolecular attraction. A mechanism for folic acid modification of titanium dioxide-doped PVC is proposed. After doping, the ester groups in the plasticizer show a significant decrease in the vibration peak intensities observed at 1264 cm, 1736 cm and 1106 cm. The doped PVC film suppresses the release of CO, and the strongest vibration peak at 1264 cm is found to be 17.2% lower than that for the blank sample, indicating that doping is beneficial for plasticizer recovery.
Topics: Folic Acid; Plasticizers; Polyvinyl Chloride; Titanium; Vinyl Chloride
PubMed: 35233000
DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-07177-5