-
BMC Oral Health Jun 2023Streptococcus, Bifidobacteria, Lactobacillus and Actinomyces are acidogenic aciduria that may be associated with root caries (RC). The aim of the study was to analyze...
BACKGROUND
Streptococcus, Bifidobacteria, Lactobacillus and Actinomyces are acidogenic aciduria that may be associated with root caries (RC). The aim of the study was to analyze Streptococcus mutans (S. mutans), Streptococcus sobrinus (S. sobrinus), Bifidobacterium spp., Lactobacillus spp. and Actinomyces naeslundii (A. naeslundii) in the saliva of nursing home elderly, to assess the correlation between bacterial composition and RC for five putative catiogenic organisms.
METHODS
In this study, we collected 43 saliva samples and divided into two groups: the root caries group (RCG, n = 21) and the caries-free group (CFG, n = 22). Bacterial DNA was extracted from the saliva samples. The presence and abundance of the five microorganisms were detected by Quantitative real-time PCR (qPCR). Spearman correlation test was performed to evaluate the relationship between the numbers of root decayed filled surfaces (RDFS) and root caries index (RCI) and salivary levels of the bacteria.
RESULTS
The salivary levels of S. mutans, S. sobrinus, Bifidobacterium spp. and Lactobacillus spp. were significantly higher in RCG than in CFG (p < 0.05). RDFS and RCI (RDFS/RCI) were positively associated with salivary levels of S. mutans, S. sobrinus and Bifidobacterium spp. (r = 0.658/0.635, r = 0.465/0.420 and r = 0.407/0.406, respectively). No significant differences in presence and amounts of A. naeslundii was observed between the two groups (p > 0.05).
CONCLUSION
S. mutans, S. sobrinus and Bifidobacterium spp. in saliva appear to be associated with RC in the elderly. Taken together, the findings indicate that specific salivary bacteria may be involved in the progression of RC.
Topics: Humans; Aged; Root Caries; Streptococcus mutans; Streptococcus sobrinus; Dental Caries; Saliva; Nursing Homes
PubMed: 37270529
DOI: 10.1186/s12903-023-02953-9 -
Journal of Dental Research Jan 2021is known to form polymicrobial biofilms with various spp., including mitis and mutans group streptococci. (mitis group) has been shown to bind avidly to hyphae via...
is known to form polymicrobial biofilms with various spp., including mitis and mutans group streptococci. (mitis group) has been shown to bind avidly to hyphae via direct cell-to-cell interaction, while the cariogenic pathogen (mutans group) interacts with the fungal cells via extracellular glucans. However, the biophysical properties of these cross-kingdom interactions at the single-cell level during the early stage of biofilm formation remain understudied. Here, we examined the binding forces between (or ) and in the presence and absence of in situ glucans on the fungal surface using single-cell atomic force microscopy and their influence on biofilm initiation and subsequent development under cariogenic conditions. The data show that binding force to the surface is significantly higher than that of to the fungal surface (~2-fold). However, binding forces are dramatically enhanced when the cell surface is locally coated with extracellular glucans (~6-fold vs. uncoated ), which vastly exceeds the forces between and. The enhanced binding affinity of to glucan-coated resulted in a larger structure during early biofilm initiation compared to biofilms. Ultimately, this resulted in dominance composition in the 3-species biofilm model under cariogenic conditions. This study provides a novel biophysical aspect of -streptococcal interaction whereby extracellular glucans may selectively favor binding interactions with during cariogenic biofilm development.
Topics: Biofilms; Candida albicans; Cell Communication; Streptococcus gordonii; Streptococcus mutans
PubMed: 32853527
DOI: 10.1177/0022034520950286 -
The Pediatric Infectious Disease Journal Sep 2021Viridans group streptococci (VGS) are an important cause of sepsis in immunosuppressed children. We reviewed the effectiveness of risk-stratified addition of vancomycin... (Review)
Review
Viridans group streptococci (VGS) are an important cause of sepsis in immunosuppressed children. We reviewed the effectiveness of risk-stratified addition of vancomycin to empiric febrile neutropenia therapy among 107 children with leukemia or undergoing an allogeneic transplant. Of 19 VGS bacteremia episodes, 78.9% were susceptible to risk-stratified antibiotics including 100% from high-risk patients. All blood cultures were flagged positive within 24 hours.
Topics: Anti-Bacterial Agents; Child; Child, Preschool; Febrile Neutropenia; Female; Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation; Humans; Leukemia; Male; Microbial Sensitivity Tests; Practice Guidelines as Topic; Prospective Studies; Streptococcal Infections; Vancomycin; Viridans Streptococci
PubMed: 34285167
DOI: 10.1097/INF.0000000000003210 -
The International Journal of Oral &... 2021The aim of this study was to compare the Streptococcus oralis biofilm formation on titanium machined turned surfaces and sandblasted surfaces that were previously...
PURPOSE
The aim of this study was to compare the Streptococcus oralis biofilm formation on titanium machined turned surfaces and sandblasted surfaces that were previously characterized for their superficial topographies.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
Two commercially pure titanium surfaces were analyzed and compared: machined (turned surfaces subjected to a process of decontamination that also included a double acid attack) and sandblasted (sandblasted surfaces, cleaned with purified water, enzymatic detergent, acetone, and alcohol). The characterization of the samples at the nanolevel was performed using atomic force microscopy, which permitted calculation of the superficial nanoroughness (Ra). The sessile drop method was used to measure the water contact angle in both groups and allowed information to be gained about their wetting properties. Scanning electron microscope and energy-dispersive x-ray spectroscopy analysis allowed comparison of the microtopographic geometry and the chemical composition of the samples. Then, the disks were pre-incubated with saliva in order to form an acquired pellicle. Streptococcus oralis was put on the disks, and both groups were tested at 24 and 48 hours for biofilm biomass evaluation, colony-forming units (CFUs), and live/dead staining for cell viability.
RESULTS
The sandblasted samples were characterized by a significantly higher level of superficial oxides, superficial roughness, and hydrophilicity, compared with the machined turned samples. Although there were topographic differences, the Streptococcus oralis biofilm formation, quantified in CFUs, and biomass formation at 24 and 48 hours were similar in both groups. With the live/dead staining, the sandblasted disks were characterized by an increased percentage of dead cells compared with the machined disks.
CONCLUSION
Although significant topographic differences were present between machined and sandblasted disks, the Streptococcus oralis biofilm formation seems to not be significantly affected.
Topics: Biofilms; Dental Implants; Microscopy, Electron, Scanning; Streptococcus oralis; Surface Properties; Titanium
PubMed: 34698719
DOI: 10.11607/jomi.8739 -
Journal of Dental Research Oct 2023Dental caries is a common disease affecting quality of life globally. In the present study, we found that a bacteriophage lysin LysP53 against possesses selective...
Dental caries is a common disease affecting quality of life globally. In the present study, we found that a bacteriophage lysin LysP53 against possesses selective activity on , the main etiological agent of dental caries, even in low pH caries microenvironments, whereas only minor LysP53 activity was detected against , , and . Testing activity against planktonic cells showed that 4 μM LysP53 could kill more than 84% of within 1 min in buffer with optimal pHs ranging from 4.0 to 6.5. Daily application of LysP53 on biofilms formed in BHI medium supplemented or not with sucrose could reduce exopolysaccharides, expression of genes related to acid resistance and adhesion, and the number of live bacteria in the biofilms. LysP53 treatment also showed similar effects as 0.12% chlorhexidine in preventing enamel demineralization due to biofilms, as well as effective removal of colonization of tooth surfaces in mice without observed toxic effects. Because of its selective activity against main cariogenic bacteria and good activity in low pH caries microenvironments, it is advantageous to use LysP53 as an active agent for preventing caries.
Topics: Mice; Animals; Streptococcus mutans; Dental Caries; Quality of Life; Streptococcus sanguis; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Biofilms
PubMed: 37698342
DOI: 10.1177/00220345231182675 -
Progress in Orthodontics Jun 2020Because changes in surface properties affect bacterial adhesion, orthodontic bonding procedures may significantly influence biofilm formation and composition around...
BACKGROUND
Because changes in surface properties affect bacterial adhesion, orthodontic bonding procedures may significantly influence biofilm formation and composition around orthodontic appliances. However, most studies used a mono-species biofilm model under static conditions, which does not simulate the intraoral environment and complex interactions of oral microflora because the oral cavity is a diverse and changeable environment. In this study, a multi-species biofilm model was used under dynamic culture conditions to assess the effects of the orthodontic bonding procedure on biofilm formation and compositional changes in two main oral pathogens, Streptococcus mutans and Porphyromonas gingivalis.
METHODS
Four specimens were prepared with bovine incisors and bonding adhesive: untreated enamel surface (BI), enamel surface etched with 37% phosphoric acid (ET), primed enamel surface after etching (PR), and adhesive surface (AD). Surface roughness (SR), surface wettability (SW), and surface texture were evaluated. A multi-species biofilm was developed on each surface and adhesion amounts of Streptococcus mutans, Porphyromonas gingivalis, and total bacteria were analyzed at day 1 and day 4 using real-time polymerase chain reaction. After determining the differences in biofilm formation, SR, and SW between the four surfaces, relationships between bacteria levels and surface properties were analyzed.
RESULTS
The order of SR was AD < PR < BI < ET, as BI and ET showed more irregular surface texture than PR and AD. For SW, ET had the greatest value followed by PR, BI, and AD. S. mutans and P. gingivalis showed greater adhesion to BI and ET with rougher and more wettable surfaces than to AD with smoother and less wettable surfaces. The adhesion of total bacteria and S. mutans significantly increased over time, but the amount of P. gingivalis decreased. The adhesion amounts of all bacteria were positively correlated with SR and SW, irrespective of incubation time.
CONCLUSIONS
Within the limitations of this study, changes in SR and SW associated with orthodontic bonding had significant effects on biofilm formation and composition of S. mutans and P. gingivalis.
Topics: Animals; Bacterial Adhesion; Biofilms; Cattle; Porphyromonas gingivalis; Streptococcus mutans; Surface Properties
PubMed: 32476070
DOI: 10.1186/s40510-020-00314-8 -
Microbial Biotechnology Mar 2021Evidence suggests that short amyloid-forming peptides derived from bacterial proteomes have functional roles; however, the reported activities are diverse and the...
Evidence suggests that short amyloid-forming peptides derived from bacterial proteomes have functional roles; however, the reported activities are diverse and the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. In this study, we simulated short amyloid-forming peptides from the amyloid-forming truncated protein C123 of Streptococcus mutans (S. mutans), studied their biological functions in microbial proliferation and biofilm formation, and further investigated the underlying mechanism. Fourteen hexapeptides were simulated, 13 of which were successfully synthesized. We found that the amyloid-forming hexapeptides (AFhPs) displayed efficient broad-spectrum antibiofilm activity against the Gram-positive bacteria S. mutans, Streptococcus sanguis and Staphylococcus aureus, Gram-negative bacteria Escherichia coli and fungus Candida albicans, by aggregating into rigid amyloid fibres agglutinating microbes, whereas the non-amyloid-forming hexapeptides (non-AFhPs) did not. The AFhPs did not kill microbes and showed little or no cytotoxicity. Furthermore, a set of AFhPs displayed broad-spectrum antibiofilm activity, regardless of its source. The microbial cell wall carbohydrates, peptidoglycan (PGN), lipoteichoic acid (LTA), glucan and zymosan A, mediated AFhP binding and triggered significant AFhP fibrillation. Although amyloid fibres agglutinated lipid membrane model - large unilamellar vesicles (LUVs) - and LUVs facilitated AFhP fibrillation, the roles of lipid membranes in AFhP antibiofilm activities remain to be elucidated. We highlight the potential use of AFhPs as novel antibiofilm agents.
Topics: Anti-Bacterial Agents; Biofilms; Candida albicans; Microbial Sensitivity Tests; Staphylococcus aureus; Streptococcus mutans
PubMed: 33248016
DOI: 10.1111/1751-7915.13721 -
Journal of Infection and Chemotherapy :... Dec 2022Viridans group streptococci (VGS) are the most common causative organisms of infective endocarditis. Among VGS, the Streptococcus anginosus group (SAG) is often...
BACKGROUND
Viridans group streptococci (VGS) are the most common causative organisms of infective endocarditis. Among VGS, the Streptococcus anginosus group (SAG) is often associated with abscess formation, and delayed diagnosis leads to increased morbidity and mortality. This study aims to examine the factors associated with SAG bacteremia and develop a predictive scoring method.
METHODS
This single-center retrospective case-control study of patients with VGS bacteremia compared the background and clinical characteristics between the SAG and non-SAG groups. The univariate analysis used the χ test and t-test. The multivariate analysis was conducted using logistic regression.
RESULTS
Out of 161 patients, 95 had SAG and 66 had non-SAG bacteremia. Age >63 years: 2 points (odds ratio [OR] = 3.52, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.64-7.54); solid tumor: 2 points (OR = 4.44, 95% CI: 1.42-6.77); C-reactive protein >7.61 mg/dL: 3 points (OR = 5.40, 95% CI: 2.49-11.72), and white blood cell count >8550/μL: 2 points (OR = 2.76, 95% CI: 1.29-2.91) were found to be independently associated with SAG bacteremia. After totaling the above variables and adding 1 point for diabetes mellitus, the area under the receiver operating curve was 0.81 (95% CI: 0.74-0.88). The sensitivity and specificity were 51% and 88%, respectively, at a cut-off of 6 points.
CONCLUSIONS
In patients with VGS bacteremia, a score of 6 points or higher using this method predicts SAG with high specificity.
Topics: Bacteremia; C-Reactive Protein; Case-Control Studies; Humans; Middle Aged; Research Design; Retrospective Studies; Streptococcal Infections; Streptococcus anginosus
PubMed: 36049615
DOI: 10.1016/j.jiac.2022.08.018 -
BMC Oral Health Nov 2022Oral streptococci represent the causing microorganism for infective endocarditis (IE) in many patients. The impact of oral infections is questioned, and it has been...
BACKGROUND
Oral streptococci represent the causing microorganism for infective endocarditis (IE) in many patients. The impact of oral infections is questioned, and it has been suggested that bacteraemia due to daily routines may play a bigger part in the aetiology of IE. The aim of this study was to examine the association between oral health and infective endocarditis caused by oral bacteria in comparison with bacteria of other origin than the oral cavity.
METHODS
A retrospective study was conducted at Haukeland University Hospital from 2006- 2015. All consecutive adult patients admitted to hospital for treatment of IE and subjected to an oral focus screening including orthopantomogram, were included. The clinical, radiological and laboratory characteristics of the patients, collected during oral infectious focus screening, were analysed. Patient survival was calculated using Kaplan-Meier and mortality rates were compared using Cox-regression.
RESULTS
A total of 208 patients were included, 77% (n = 161) male patients and 23% (n = 47) female, mean age was 58 years. A total of 67 (32%) had IE caused by viridans streptococci. No statistically significant correlation could be found between signs of oral infection and IE caused by viridans streptococci. The overall mortality at 30 days was 4.3% (95% CI: 1.6-7.0). There was no statistical difference in mortality between IE caused by viridans streptococci or S. aureus (HRR = 1.16, 95% CI: 0.57-2.37, p = 0.680).
CONCLUSION
The study indicates that the association between origin of the IE causing bacteria and findings during oral infection screening might be uncertain and may suggest that the benefit of screening and elimination of oral infections in patients admitted with IE might be overestimated. However, the results should be interpreted with caution and further studies are needed before any definite conclusions can be drawn.
Topics: Humans; Adult; Male; Female; Middle Aged; Staphylococcus aureus; Retrospective Studies; Streptococcal Infections; Endocarditis, Bacterial; Endocarditis; Viridans Streptococci
PubMed: 36376875
DOI: 10.1186/s12903-022-02509-3 -
Internal Medicine (Tokyo, Japan) Nov 2021A 77-year-old man developed peritoneal dialysis-related peritonitis caused by Streptococcus oralis, a rare pathogen causing the disease. The infection, which was not... (Review)
Review
A 77-year-old man developed peritoneal dialysis-related peritonitis caused by Streptococcus oralis, a rare pathogen causing the disease. The infection, which was not controlled by one-week intraperitoneal administration of cefazolin and ceftazidime, was cured only after switching to two-week intravenous administration of cefazolin and ceftazidime. The patient had no major dental disease or recent history of dental intervention. This case suggests that S. oralis might cause peritoneal dialysis-related peritonitis with persistent systemic inflammation via an extra-oral infection route. The clinical course is discussed along with a review of the literature.
Topics: Aged; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Humans; Male; Peritoneal Dialysis; Peritoneal Dialysis, Continuous Ambulatory; Peritonitis; Streptococcus oralis
PubMed: 34024849
DOI: 10.2169/internalmedicine.6234-20